Ukulawulwa kwe-glucose metabolism kufaka phakathi ukugcina izinga layo ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ethile ngokumelene nesizinda sokudla okunamandla okuvela endaweni yangaphandle nokusetshenziswa njalo amaseli womzimba.
Le-carbohydrate iyisihluthulelo ezinqubweni ze-metabolic; ekuhambeni kokuguqulwa kwayo, cishe ama-molecule angama-40 we-ATP akhishwa ekugcineni.
Kumuntu osekhulile onempilo, ukuqoqwa kwale monosaccharide esegazini kukubanga kusuka ku-3.3 mmol / L kuya ku-5.5 mmol / L, kepha ukuguquguquka okukhulu kungabonakala phakathi nosuku. Lokhu kungenxa yokusebenza komzimba, ukudla, ubudala kanye nezinye izinto eziningi.
Ukulawulwa kwe-glucose kulawulwa kanjani? Yini i-hormone ebhekene noshukela wegazi? Lonke igatsha lesayensi yezokwelapha lizama ukuphendula le mibuzo.
Ngakho-ke, kuye kwasungulwa ngokuthembekile ukuthi i-insulin eyaziwa kakhulu nge-violin eyodwa ku-orchestra enkulu ye-metabolic. Kunama-peptides angamakhulu ambalwa anquma ijubane lezinqubo ze-metabolic kanye nezinga lokuthathwa ushukela.
Ama-glucose boosters
Ama-hormone abizwa ngokuthi ama-contra-hormonal ayizinto ezisebenzayo ezigcina i-glucose ejwayelekile phakathi kokudla naphakathi kwezicelo ezikhulayo ze-metabolic (ukukhula okusebenzayo, ukuzivocavoca, ukugula).
Phakathi kwama-hormone abaluleke kakhulu angakhonjwa:
- i-glucagon;
- adrenaline
- i-cortisol;
- norepinephrine;
- ukukhula kwehomoni (i-hormone yokukhula).
Ukwehla kwe-glucose
Ekuhambeni kokuziphendukela kwemvelo nokuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo, umzimba womuntu usungule izindlela eziningi zokwandisa ngokushesha i-glucose egazini.Ngekhulu lama-21, sasingekho isidingo sokubalekela ibhere yasendle noma ukuzingela, ukuze singabulawa yindlala.
Amashalofu wesuphamakethe aqhuma ngama-carbohydrate atholakala kalula.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kunendlela eyodwa ephumelelayo emzimbeni ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela - i-insulin.
Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwethu lwe-hypoglycemic alubhekane nengcindezi eyandayo. Kungakho isifo sikashukela sesiphenduke usizi lwangempela lwesikhathi sethu.
Insulin
I-insulin yi-hormone ebalulekile ekuphatheni i-glucose metabolism. Ikhiqizwa ngamaseli we-beta akhiwe eziqhingini zeLangerhans zamanyikwe.
I-insulin ikhishwa iye egazini lapho i-glucose egazini inyuka ngomshini okuthiwa yi-impendulo. Le hormone ivuselela amaseli wesibindi ukuba aguqule i-monosugar ibe yi-glycogen futhi ayigcine isesimweni sendawo enamandla amakhulu.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-pancreatic insulin
Cishe i-2/3 yezicubu zomzimba ihlukaniswa ngokuthi okuthiwa i-insulin-kuncike. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-glucose ayikwazi ukungena kumaseli ngaphandle kokulamula kwaleli hormone.
Lapho i-insulin ibopha ama-GLUT 4 receptors, iziteshi ezithile ezivulekile namaphrotheni enkampani ayasebenza. Ngakho-ke, ushukela ungena esitokisini, futhi ukuguqulwa kwawo kuqala, izingxenyana zokugcina zazo ezingamanzi, i-carbon dioxide kanye nama-molecule e-ATP.
Isifo sikashukela yisifo esisuselwa ekuphepheni kokuvikelwa kwe-insulin okwenziwa ngamanyikwe, ngenxa yalokho i-glucose engakwazi ukungena kumaseli. Ukwanda koshukela okunethonya kunomphumela onobuthi ezicutshini, kubangele ubunzima bezimpawu ngendlela yesifo sikashukela ne-neuropathy.
Kuze kube manje, azikho izindlela ezisebenzayo zokwelapha lesi sifo esezenziwe, ngaphandle kokuthola ukwelashwa esikhundleni se-insulin, umongo okuwukuphathwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwaleli hormone nge-syringe noma iphampu ekhethekile.
I-Glucagon
Uma izinga le-glucose lehlela emananini ayingozi (ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca noma sokugula), amaseli we-pancreatic alpha aqala ukukhiqiza i-glucagon, i-hormone esebenza ngenqubo yokuqhekeka kwe-glycogen esibindini, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulisa ukugxilwa koshukela egazini.
Le ndlela ye-metabolic ibizwa ngokuthi i-glycogenolysis. I-Glucagon ivimbela ukukhula kwezimo ze-hypoglycemic phakathi kokudla, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi indima yayo ihlala inqobo nje uma kunezitolo ze-glycogen esibindini.
Imboni yezemithi ikhipha le hormone ngendlela yesisombululo somjovo. Kwethulwe ku-coma enzima ye-hypoglycemic.
Adrenaline
Ezincwadini zakwamanye amazwe, kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-epinephrine.
Ngokuvamile kukhiqizwa izindlala ze-adrenal nemicu ethile yezinzwa.
Idlala indima ebalulekile ekuziphenduleni okuhambisanayo nokuguquguqukayo, okwandisa ukuhamba kwegazi emisipha, kushukumisa ukuphuma kwenhliziyo futhi kukhuphule ukugcwala kweglucose egazini.
Njengomuthi, isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo eziningi eziphuthumayo: ukuboshwa okujikelezayo okujikelezayo, i-anaphylaxis, i-nosebleeds. Kunganconywa ukumisa ukuhlaselwa kwe-bronchospasm, kanye nezimo ze-hypoglycemic.
Cortisol
I-Cortisol yi-hormone eyi-steroid ekhiqizwa izindlala ze-adrenal ekuphenduleni kwesistimu ye-hypothalamic-pituitary system.
Ingena nge-membrane yeseli bese isebenza ngqo kwi-nucleus. Ngakho-ke, umphumela wayo ekubhalweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokulawulwa kwezinqubo ze-metabolic uyabonakala.
Ukuphendula izingcindezi ezahlukahlukene zangaphandle nezasendulo, kubandakanya ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela wegazi, inqubo ye-gluconeogenesis iqala. Umsuka wayo ukuguqulwa kwamaprotheni namafutha abe yi-glucose ngokwakhiwa kwamandla ngesimo se-ATP. Ngaso leso sikhathi, i-insulin synthesis iyacindezelwa, engadala i-atrophy yamaseli e-pancreatic beta kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela se-steroid.
Kwi-transplantology, kunqunyelwe ukucindezela izinqubo ze-autoimmune. Ngaphandle kwazo zonke izici ezinhle, umphumela ongafuneki wokuphikisana nokungadala ungadala imiphumela emibi eminingana.
Ukukhula kwehomoni
I-hormone yokukhula ilawula ukuzalwa kabusha kwamaseli, isebenze ukusebenza kwamaprotheni, amafutha nama-carbohydrate.Ikhiqizwa futhi iqoqwe ku-gust ye-anterior pituitary gland.
Ngokwemvelo yayo, i-somatostatin iyisivumelwano (esicindezelayo), okusho ukuthi ngesikhuthazo esithile sandisa ukugcwala kwe-glucose ne-triglycerides egazini.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi i-somatostatin ngo-1980 yavinjelwa ukusetshenziswa kwabasubathi, ngoba ngemuva kokuyithatha kukhona ukwanda okumakiwe kokukhuthazela namandla emisipha.
Ama-hormone egilo
Indlala yegilo ikhiqiza ama-hormone amabili - i-thyroxine ne-triiodothyronine. Ukuqamba kwabo kudinga iodine. Thatha isinyathelo cishe kuzo zonke izicubu zomzimba, uvuselele izinqubo zokukhula kabusha.
Khulisa ukugcwala kwe-glucose ne-triglycerides.
Ekugcineni, ukwahlukana okusebenzayo kwezakhi zomzimba ezikhiqiza amandla ngokweqile kuqala. Ekusebenzeni kwemitholampilo, isimo sokukhula komsebenzi we-thyroid sibizwa ngokuthi i-thyrotooticosis. Ibonakala ngesimo se-tachycardia, i-hyperthermia, umfutho we-arterial, ukwehla kwesisindo, ukuzamazama komhlaba kanye nemikhawulo.
I-Hypothyroidism inezimpawu eziphikisanayo, njengokukhuluphala ngokweqile, i-hypoglycemia, ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba, kanye nokunciphisa izinqubo zokucabanga. I-Thyroxine esikhundleni sokwelashwa isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Izici ezinhlanu ezithinta ushukela wegazi:
Isifo sikashukela kungukuphulwa kokusetshenziswa kwe-glucose hhayi kuphela, kuwukuqhekeka kokuqothuka kwe-metabolic kwamaprotheni, amafutha kanye nezinto zomkhondo. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, lapho i-monosugar ingakwazi ukungena esitokisini, ithumela isibonakaliso sokuthi ibulawa yindlala.
Ukubola okusebenzayo kwezicubu ze-adipose kuqala, ukukhuphuka kwezinga le-triglycerides nemizimba ye-ketone, ekugcineni ebangela ukudakwa (diabetesic ketoacidosis). Uma umuntu ekhathazwa ukoma okungapheli, ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla, ukwanda kokuphuma komchamo nsuku zonke, lesi yisizathu esihle sokubonana nodokotela oyi-endocrinologist.
