Odokotela abane-hyperglycemia bakhombisa isimo lapho ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukhombisa khona amazinga aphezulu kashukela. Ushukela ukhuphuka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu akusho ukuthi sikashukela.
Yini i-hyperglycemia, ukuthi hlobo luni lwenzekile, yiziphi izinkinga ezinazo, ukuthi zitholakala kanjani futhi ziphathwa kanjani - indatshana izokhuluma ngakho konke lokhu.
Yini le
I-Hyperglycemia iboniswa iqoqo le-plasma ushukela ngaphezulu komkhawulo ophezulu ojwayelekile.
Kunesimo esifanayo nokuhlangana okunganele kwe-insulin. Ushukela wegazi ukhombisa ukulawulwa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism.
Ngenxa yokushoda kwe-insulin, amaseli aqala ukuzwa indlala, alahlekelwe amandla abo okubamba ama-acid amaningi, ushukela, kanye ne-oxidize ngokuphelele. Ngenxa yalokho, i-acetone iqala ukwakha futhi inqwabelane. Lokhu kuvusa ukwephulwa kwezinqubo ze-metabolic nokungasebenzi kahle kwezitho eziningi nezinhlelo.
Kunezigaba ezinjalo zenkambo ye-hyperglycemia:
- kuvezwe ngesizotha;
- kuyathandeka;
- comatose.
Izici eziphambili ze-hyperglycemia:
- lesi simo sivame ukubonwa kubantu abatholakala benesifo sikashukela;
- uma kungalashwa, ama-pathologies angakhula, kufaka phakathi ukufa;
- Kubalulekile ukuthi abantu abasengozini bahlole njalo amazinga abo we-glucose.
I-Hyperglycemia ivame kakhulu kushukela. Kepha ingabonakala nangamanye ama-pathologies. Kwesinye isikhathi ushukela ukhuphuka kumuntu ophilile.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Ngokuya kobunzima bezimpawu, i-hyperglycemia iyenzeka:
- ukukhanya. Amazinga okushukela asheshayo aqala ku-6 kuye ku-10 mmol / L;
- ukwehla okulinganiselayo (inani lisukela ku-10 kuye ku-16 mmol / l);
- esindayo (amamitha akhombisa ngenhla kwe-16 mmol / l). Uma inani likhulu kune-16.5 mmol / L, kunengozi yesimo sokukhathazeka noma isimo.
Ezigulini ezitholakala sinesifo sikashukela, i-hyperglycemia ihlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili:
- isikhumba. Uma isiguli singadli cishe amahora angama-8, isilinganiso se-plasma ushukela sikhuphukela ku-7.2 mmol / l noma ngaphezulu;
- postprandial. Kuvela ngemuva kokudla. Ushukela udlula i-10 mmol / L.
I-Hyperglycemia ibuye ihlukaniswe:
- okokugcina. Kwenzeka nokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine. Isici sabanesifo sikashukela;
- ngokomzimba. Kuyinto yesikhashana. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokuqina ngokweqile komzimba, ukuthatha ngokweqile ama-carbohydrate agaya ukudla, imizwa enamandla, ukucindezela;
- kuxutshwe.
Ngokusekelwe kwizimbangela, i-hyperglycemia ihlukaniswa:
- ezingamahlalakhona. Kubonakala ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto eziyifa. I-Hyperglycemia syndrome kwesinye isikhathi yenzeka iphikisana nesizinda sezifo ezitholakala ngokutholakala kokutholwa kwepancreatic. Kubonakala ngohlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela;
- ecindezelayo. Kuzibonakala njengokuphendula kokuthuthumela kwesimo semizwa yengqondo. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sezimo ezicindezelayo emzimbeni womuntu, ukwakheka kwama-hormone avimbela inqubo ye-glycogeneis kukhuthazwe. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi, izinqubo ze-gluconeogeneis ne-glycogenolysis ziyaqina. Ukungalingani okunjalo emazingeni e-hormonal kuholela ekukhuleni ushukela we-plasma;
- amazentary. Kubhekwe ngemuva kokudla. Akuyona eyezimo zempilo. Kwenzeka lapho kuthatha inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo equkethe i-carbohydrate yokugaya. Le ndlela yokwelashwa ayidingi ukwelashwa. Izinkomba ngemuva kwesikhashana ngokuzimela kwehla ziye kwesejwayelekile;
- i-hormonal. Kwenzeka ngokungalingani kwe-hormonal ngokumelene nesizinda sezifo ze-endocrine. Ama-Catecholamines nama-glucocorticoids akhulisa ushukela wegazi.
I-Pathogenesis
I-Hyperglycemia yemvelaphi ephakathi iba ngenxa yokungondleki kwamangqamuzana ezikhungo ze-hypothalamic.
Ukujikeleza kwegazi okumpofu kubangela ukukhishwa kwe-STH-RF, ukukhuphuka kwe-glyconeogeneis.
I-pathogenesis ye-hyperglycemia ngenxa yomonakalo onobuthi noma wokuhlukumezeka ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluyinhloko kuyafana. Ukusebenza kwe-insulin kuphendula ushukela omningi ngokukhulula inani elikhulu le-hormone. Nge-atrophy yemishini esetshenziswayo, i-glucose igcinwa isezingeni eliphakeme. Ukuyinciphisa, kufanele wethule izidakamizwa ezikhethekile.
Izimbangela ze-hyperglycemia zesikhashana nezinde
Isimo se-hyperglycemic singahlala isikhathi eside noma sibe yinto yesikhathi esifushane.
Izizathu zokwanda kwesikhashana kwe-plasma glucose zinikezwe ngezansi:
- ukucindezelwa njalo;
- ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kokudla kwe-carbohydrate;
- ukukhulelwa
- nobuhlungu obukhulu lapho i-thyroxine ne-adrenaline yanda egazini;
- ukuntuleka kwamavithamini C no-B1;
- ubuthi be-carbohydrate oxide;
- ukopha kakhulu;
- ushukela onesifo sokuwa;
- i-hyperplasia ye-adrenal cortex;
- ukuthatha amaqembu athile ezidakamizwa. Isibonelo, ama-antidepressants, ama-diuretics, ama-beta blockers, i-fentamidine, i-niacin ikhulisa ushukela;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo;
- ukungalingani ngokomzimba.
I-hyperglycemia yesikhathi eside ibangelwa ukwephulwa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwezitho ze-endocrine.
Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-hyperglycemia zibhalwe ngezansi:
- ngohlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin kuncishiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwamaseli e-pancreatic, izinqubo zokuvuvukala esitho. Lapho ama-75% amangqamuzana akhiqiza i-hormone ebhujiswa, i-hyperglycemia yenzeka;
- ngesimo sesibili sikashukela, ukuzwela kwe-insulin emangqamuzaneni omzimba kukhubazekile. Ihormoni ayithakwa ngisho nangokukhiqizwa okwenele. Ngakho-ke, ushukela egazini uyakhuphuka.
Izimpawu
Lapho i-glucose ingaphezu kokujwayelekile, umuntu ubona ukubonakala kwezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- umlomo owomile
- ukoma okukhulu okungenakuqedwa;
- umbono omfiphele;
- ukukhathala;
- ukuchama kaningi (ikakhulukazi ebusuku);
- ukukhuphuka kwevolumu yomchamo;
- ukunciphisa umzimba ngokushesha;
- amanxeba angapholi;
- ukubukeka kwe-thrush;
- ukubuyela emuva kokutheleleka njalo.
Nge-ketoacidosis, ebonwa kushukela, ukubonakaliswa okulandelayo kuyimpawu:
- iphunga lezithelo ezivela emlonyeni;
- Ubuhlungu esiswini;
- ukomisa;
- ukudideka nokulahlekelwa ukwazi;
- hyperventilation yamaphaphu;
- isicanucanu
- ukozela
- ukuhlanza
Uma kuvela izimpawu ezichazwe ngenhla, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole igazi ushukela bese uthatha izinyathelo ezifanele.
Izinkinga
Uma i-glycogen ingabuyiselwa kokujwayelekile, kuba nezinkinga ezinkulu:
- ukwehluleka kwezinso;
- ukulimala kohlelo lwezinzwa;
- ukuncipha kwe-visual acuity kuze kube ubumpumputhe;
- isifo sohlangothi;
- isifo sikashukela se-neuropathy;
- infarction myocardial;
- izinkinga zomlenze ngenxa yokujikeleza kwegazi okungatheni;
- isifo sikashukela hyperosmolar syndrome;
- izifo ezithinta isikhunta kanye namagciwane esikhunjeni;
- ukomisa kakhulu;
- ketoacidosis.
Ukuxilonga
Ngaphambi kokwelapha i-hyperglycemia, udinga ukunquma izinga likashukela kanye nembangela yokwanda kwaso. Ngale njongo, kuyahlolwa ukuhlolwa kwelabhoratri. Ukuhlonza ushukela omningi yenza ukuhlaziya kwe-biochemical of plasma. Isampula yegazi ithathwa esiswini esingenalutho ekuseni.
Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa isondele ku-126 mg / dl, lokhu kukhombisa ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela.
Ukucacisa ukutholakala kwesi sifo, yenza isifundo se-pathomorphological. Kubonisa ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-pancreatic kuhlotshaniswa nokulimala.
Uma izinga likashukela landa kancane, bese uyaphinda uvivinya umthwalo we-carbohydrate. Ukuze benze lokhu, baphuza ingilazi yamanzi amnandi futhi ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa banikela ngegazi ukuze kwenziwe i-biochemistry.
Ukuze kuqedwe isici sokuxineka, kutholakala isifo sesibili sokuhlolwa kwelebhu ngemuva kwesonto. Kunconywa futhi ukuthi kudlule ukuhlolwa komchamo okujwayelekile kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-glycosylated hemoglobin.
Ukwelashwa
I-hypoglycemia emnene ayidingekile ekwelapheni umuthi. Izinga le-glucose lijwayelekile ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila, ukudla.
Kuyasiza futhi ukwenza izivivinyo njalo ngokomzimba ezihambelana nesimo nobudala bomuntu. Uma kutholakala isifo sikashukela, kuzodingeka imijovo ye-insulin.
Isidakamizwa uSiofor
Namuhla, ama-endocrinologists asebenzisa izidakamizwa ngenkuthalo ukwelapha i-hyperglycemia:
- Victoza. Ilawula iphango futhi yehlise amathuba okudla ngokweqile;
- Siofor. Yehlisa ukugxilisa i-plasma glucose;
- I-Glucophage. Isebenza njengoSiofor;
- I-Aktos. Kwandisa ukuzwela kwamaseli womzimba womuntu kwi-insulin.
I-regimen yokwelashwa, umthamo we-endocrinologist ukhetha ngokukhethekile isiguli ngasinye. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, kubalulekile ukuqapha izondlamzimba. Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela abasebenzisa ama-hypoglycemic agents, i-hypoglycemia kungenzeka ngokudla okungafanele.
Uma imbangela ye-hyperglycemia i-pancreatitis eyingozi noma esinye isifo, kubalulekile ukwelapha i-pathology engaphansi.
Kwi-Intanethi kunezindlela eziningi zemithi yendabuko ezinganqoba i-hyperglycemia. Amafutha abalulekile aqukethe izitshalo ezithile asiza ukunciphisa ukunqwabelana kashukela egazini futhi kuzinze isimo sesiguli.
Lezi zakhiwo ziphinyiselwa ikakhulukazi ngejuniper, i-eucalyptus ne-geranium. Iwusizo itiye elivela emaqabungeni e-birch, ama-blueberries, i-decoction yama-rhizomes ama-burdock, amaqabunga obhontshisi.
Ukuvimbela
Ukugwema ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hyperglycemia, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuthibela. Kuyasiza ukwenza imisebenzi yokulinganisa ejwayelekile nsuku zonke. Kuyadingeka ukwelapha zonke izifo ngesikhathi. Lokhu kusebenza kumuntu ongenaso isifo sikashukela.
Lapho kunenkinga ye-endocrine, ukugxuma ushukela kungagwenywa ngokuqapha amazinga kashukela kanye nokuhambela udokotela ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yokuvimbela umsoco ofanele. Ukudla kukhethwe ngudokotela ngakwelinye isiguli ngasinye.
Kunemithetho ejwayelekile enganciphisa ubungozi bokuthuthukisa i-hyperglycemia:
- ungadli ngokweqile. Inani elikhulu lokudla okunempilo libeka ubunzima kumanyikwe;
- yidla ngesikhathi esimisiwe;
- yidla kancane ngokwezingxenye ezincane;
- qapha okuqukethwe kwekhalori kwezitsha ezidliwayo;
- unciphise inani lama-carbohydrate adayisayo ekudleni;
- thatha amavithamini complexes.
Uma unamathela kule mithetho, ngeke kube nezinkinga noshukela ophezulu.
Ekukhulelwe nasezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kwenzeka izinguquko ezinkulu emzimbeni. Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kwesinye isikhathi siyakhula. Lokhu kuchazwa ngokwanda kwezinga lama-hormone asebenza njengabaphikisi be-insulin.
I-Hypovitaminosis, ukudla okungalinganiseli, ingcindezi, ukulahleka kwegazi okubalulekile, ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kungadala ukuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism.
Kubalulekile ukugwema ukucindezela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Iqembu lengozi lifaka abesifazane abasezikhundleni:
- ngokukhulelwa okuningi;
- ukukhuluphala;
- obejwayele ukuzala izingane ezinesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu amane;
- onama-pathologies we-pancreas.
I-Hyperglycemia ayithinti kuphela isimo sowesifazane okhulelwe, kodwa futhi nempilo yengane.
Kumntwana osanda kuzalwa, uhlu lwemiphumela lunikezwe ngezansi:
- i-hypoglycemia;
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- kunzima ukuphefumula
- ukukhuluphala;
- ukuvuvukala;
- ukudumba;
- ukwephulwa kwezilinganiso zomzimba.
Kumntwana osanda kuzalwa noshukela ozinzile ophakeme, ukuhlukunyezwa okuthuthukayo, ukungasebenzi kahle kwezitho ezithile zezitho nezinhlelo kungabonakala.
Imbangela ye-hyperglycemia ezinganeni kungaba isifo, ukuthatha imishanguzo ethile, ama-pathologies ahlukahlukene.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Mayelana nezimpawu nemiphumela engenzeka ye-hyperglycemia kule vidiyo:
Ngakho-ke, i-hyperglycemia ibonwa ngokumelene nesizinda sokudla ngokweqile, ama-pathologies we-pancreas nezinye izitho zomzimba. Uma amazinga eglucose engajwayelekile, kungaba nezinkinga ezinkulu. Ngakho-ke, ngokubonakala kwezimpawu zokuma, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha.
Uyonquma ukuhlolwa futhi akhethe uhlobo lokwelashwa olusebenzayo. Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bazinakekele ngokwabo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, i-hyperglycemia ayithinti kuphela isimo sikamama esizayo, kodwa futhi impilo nentuthuko yengane.
