Bathini labo abake baba nesifo sikashukela sokuthambisa emzimbeni? Ukubuyekezwa nezincomo zomama abakhulelwe

Umthwalo owengeziwe osebenzayo emzimbeni wowesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa uvame ukudala izimpawu ezingezinhle zomuntu ngamunye.

Izifo ezintsha zingavela ezingakaze zibonakale ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.

Ngokusho kwabesifazane, isifo sikashukela esijwayelekile esihlasela njalo siletha izinkinga eziningi, kunemibuzo ejwayelekile ehlobene nenkambo yalesi sifo.

Uma kungekho ukunakwa okufanele kwesimo, lesi sifo asidluleli ngaphandle kokulandela ingane, noma umama okhulelwe. Le ndatshana izogqamisa imininingwane ethinta ukubuyekezwa kwesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kwabesifazane abaye bathola lesi sifo. Imininingwane izocacisa ubunzima obunokwenzeka be-pathology futhi inikeze izincomo ezifanele zokuxazulula inkinga.

Isifo sikashukela mellitus esimweni esivamile

Isifo sohlelo lwe-endocrine lomzimba esihambisana ne-pathology ye-carbohydrate metabolism sibizwa ngokuthi yi-mellitus yesifo sikashukela. Umsebenzi we-pprreatic we -properprice ngesikhathi sokutholwa kwe-insulin ye-hormone kuholela emiphumeleni emibi ngendlela yokwanda kwe-glucose egazini lomuntu.

Izizathu eziyinhloko:

• ukwehla kwevolumu yama-β-cell kumanyikwe akhiqiza i-insulin;
• inkambo engalungile yenqubo yokuguqulwa kwama-hormone;
• ushukela omningi ongena emzimbeni. Amanyikwe awahambisani nokukhiqizwa kwenani le-insulin elifunekayo;
• ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu okungajwayelekile kwamanye ama-hormone athinta i-insulin.

I-Glycoprotein receptors ngendlela ekhethekile ithinta umzimba we-carbohydrate. Ngaphezu kwe-carbohydrate metabolism, kunokuphazamiseka kokutholakala kwamaprotheni, amaminerali, usawoti, amanzi. Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus siya ngokuba yisifo sobuntu banamuhla.

I-Pathology ivezwa ngezindlela eziningi:

• uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo luhlotshaniswa nokufihlwa okunganele kwe-insulin. Ama-pancreas athintekile awakhiqizi kahle ama-hormone;
• ngendlela yesibili yesifo, amangqamuzana omzimba awazwela i-insulin. Ngenxa yalokhu, le hormone ayikwazi ukusabalalisa i-glucose kwizicubu;
• isifo sikashukela esenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (ukukhulelwa). Ibizwa ngokuthi yi-gestationalabetes mellitus.

Izici ezibalulekile ekubonakala kwesifo

Imvamisa ukusetshenziswa kabi koshukela ezimeni eziningi kuholela emiphumeleni emibi ngesimo sokuphelela, kunciphise ukungatheleleki komzimba.

Kulapho kuphela, lapho kuvela khona izici ezithile, lapho ukugula ushukela kungakhula.

Inqubo yesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane ephethe ingane ihlukile. I-placenta yesibeletho ikhiqiza i-hormone esebenza ngokungafani nomsebenzi we-insulin.

Ukusabela okungalungile koshukela kwezicubu zowesifazane okhulelwe kungaba umphumela wokunyuka komthwalo kumanyikwe. Kukhulelwe okushintsha imiphumela yokulayishwa kwayo ngokweqile.

Isitho se-embryonic sakha i-progesterone, i-lactogen, i-estrogens ne-cortisol, futhi ngemuva kwalokho ecindezela umsebenzi we-insulin. Ngaphansi kwezici ezithile, ukugcwala kwabaphikisi be-insulin kukhuphuka kumaviki ayi-18 wokukhulelwa. Njengomthetho, isifo sikashukela siveza amasonto angama-24-28 wokukhulelwa.

Kwezinye izimo, kukhona ukunganakwa kuphela kwe-glucose, ngesinye isikhathi ukuntuleka kwe-insulin kuyabonakala. Ucwaningo lwanamuhla luqinisekisile ukuthi izicubu ze-pancreatic azithinteki yisifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.

Imiphumela emibi yesifo

Ngokuhlukunyezwa kokudla okumnandi, isakhi sofuzo, ukugcwala kwamanyikwe, isifo sikashukela kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Ezimweni eziningi, lesi sifo siveza isonto lama-28 lokuthinta.

Ukuvezwa okuningana kwalesi sifo kungayithinta kabi ingane.

Kwezinye izimo, lesi sifo siyanyamalala ngemuva kokuzalwa sodwa ngaphandle kwemiphumela. Lapho kwenzeka ushukela omkhulu wegazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, umsebenzi oyinhloko wowesifazane ukunciphisa izinto ezidale isifo sikashukela ngokushintsha indlela odla ngayo. Indlela yokuphila enempilo izothuthukisa kakhulu isimo hhayi nje somama okhulelwe, kodwa neyomntwana.

Imiphumela engaba khona yesifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa:

• ukuphazamiseka kwe-pathological kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwe-fetus;
• ukwanda kwamathuba okuphuphuma kwesisu ku-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa;
• ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ukuvela kwesifo sikashukela ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kungathinta ukwakheka okufanele kobuchopho, imithambo yegazi, kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa lwe-fetus.

Kamuva, ushukela ongalunganga ungaholela ekukhuleni okusheshayo kwemvelo kwe-fetus. I-glucose engena emzimbeni wengane ngamanani amakhulu ayinaso isikhathi sokucutshungulwa ngamanyikwe. Ushukela ongafundile uguqulwa ube ngamafutha, ufakwe emzimbeni wakhe.

Ngokuzayo, lokhu kuzosithinta kabi isimo somzimba nempilo yengane. Kujwayele ukwamukela inani elikhulayo le-glucose, usana olusanda kuzalwa luzoswela ushukela, okungaholela ekutheni umuntu abe nesifo sikashukela abe nesifo sikashukela.

Isifo esinjalo singasungulwa ngenxa yokuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound. Ngemuva kokuthola isifo sikashukela sokuzalwa komuntu ngezinkomba ezifanele, udokotela angakwazi ukubeletha ngaphambi kokuphela kokukhulelwa.

Izici zesici sikashukela enganeni:

• isisindo esingajwayelekile se-fetus (macrosomia) - ngaphezu kwama-4 kg;
• ukwephulwa kosayizi womzimba wengane;
• ukwakheka okungafanele kwesibindi nezinso;
• ukungasebenzi kwe-fetus kanye nokwehluleka kokuphefumula;
• okuqukethwe okwengeziwe kwezicubu ze-adipose ze-fetus.

Imiphumela emibi kumama okhulelwe nakulomntwana:

• inani elikhulu le-amniotic fluid;
• kunobungozi bokuphela kwengane;
• ukukhuphuka kukashukela kuthanda ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane;
• ingozi yokulimala ngesikhathi sokubeletha ngenxa yengane enkulu;
• ukudakwa ngemizimba ye-acetone eyakheka esibindini;
• i-fetus hypoxia ne-preeclampia yezitho zangaphakathi.

Amaqembu anobungozi

Owesifazane ngamunye ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa anganquma ngokuzimela ukuthi yiziphi izenzo ezingalungile eziholela ekwandeni koshukela wegazi. Ukubonisana okudingekayo nodokotela kuzochaza kabanzi inqubo yokulungisa izondlamzimba kanye nendlela yokuphila ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, okuthinta kabi impilo kamama oselindele.

Imvamisa, ushukela wegazi owengeziwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwenzeka ezimweni ze:

• ukukhuluphala
• iminyaka yowesifazane ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30;
• inzuzo yesisindo esukela eminyakeni engama-20 iye ekhulelwe;
• izihlobo eziseduze ezinesifo sikashukela;
• ukungalingani kwe-hormonal, ukungasebenzi kahle kwamaqanda;
• ushukela ophakanyisiwe kancane ngaphambi kokukhulelwa;
• ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu ye-endocrine;
• isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ezikhulelwe esikhathini esidlule.

Ngakho-ke, uma owesifazane ehlukumeza imikhiqizo engafuneki ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, onamakhambi esakhiweni sikashukela, usengozini.

Izimpawu

Ukuze uthole ukukhululeka okufika ngesikhathi ngemiphumela yesifo, udinga ukucubungula ngokucophelela izimpawu ezingase zibonise isimo sesifo sikashukela sowesifazane.

Ngesikhathi sonke sokukhulelwa, abezokwelapha baqapha isimo sowesifazane okhulelwe ngokwenza izivivinyo zaselebhu. Imvamisa, izinkomba zesifo sikashukela ezimelana nemvelaphi ejwayelekile yenkambo yokuthinta zingabonakali.

Ezinye izinkomba zesifo sikashukela wokutholwa zingatholakala:

• ukoma okuhleliwe ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile;
• ukuchama njalo;
• igxuma ekucindezelweni kwegazi kuya phezulu;
• ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla noma ukuntuleka kwayo;
• umgubuzelo emehlweni;
• ukuluma ku-perineum.

Izimpawu zingaba khona kwezinye izizathu. Kepha uma unikezwe ubukhulu besifo, ukubonisana nochwepheshe kuzodingeka ukuvimbela lesi sifo.

Uma izinkomba zimbi, lesi akusona isizathu sokwethuka. Ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindwe kuphela okuzocacisa isithombe ngokugcwele. Ngaphezu kwezimpawu zesifo, umphumela omubi ungathinteka ekucindezelweni okuhlangenwe nakho ngosuku olwedlule noma ngokudla inani elikhulu lamaswidi, umsebenzi womzimba. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokwenza ukuxilongwa kokugcina, udokotela unikeza ukuhlaziywa okwesibili.

Izindlela zokwelashwa

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukususa izinto ezingezinhle ezithinta ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela. Ukulawulwa kwegazi okuqhubekayo nokuhambisana nazo zonke izincomo zikadokotela, ukuhlolwa kwaso njalo kuzoba isihluthulelo sokwelashwa okuphumelelayo.

Amathiphu abesifazane besifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuzimele okuqhubekayo phakathi nosuku usebenzisa i-glucometer. Ushukela wegazi ekuseni esiswini esingenalutho, ngaphambi kokudla nangemva kwamahora ayi-1.5;
• umchamo we-acetone wokuqapha. Ukuba khona kwakhe kukhuluma ngesifo sikashukela esingakhokhelwa;
• ukulinganisa okuhleliwe kwengcindezi yegazi;
• ukulawula isisindo nokudla okufanele.

Uma isifo sikashukela sikhona, futhi sikhona ngesimo esinzima, kunqunywe umjovo wokwelapha nge-insulin. Uhlobo lokwelashwa lwethebhulethi ezimeni ezinjalo alwanele.

Ukudla okufanele nokuvivinya umzimba okwanele

Ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kudinga ukulawulwa kokungena kwama-carbohydrate alula emzimbeni. Kanye esiswini, zimunwa ngokushesha, okubangela ukugxuma okubukhali kushukela wegazi.

I-Porridge nemifino eluhlaza enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwefiber ngeke kuvume ukuthi ama-carbohydrate akhishwe ngokushesha okukhulu.

Udinga ukudla kaningana ngosuku izingxenye ezincane. Usayizi wokusebenza kufanele usatshalaliswe kahle usuku lonke. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukulawula ukuthathwa kwamafutha ayingozi, ukukhipha ukudla okunosawoti.

Udinga ukunaka inyoni ehlanzwa isikhumba, izinhlobo ezinamafutha aphansi enyama, eyosiwe noma enensimbi. Awukwazi ukukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ahlanzekile ngaphandle kwezeluleko zikadokotela.

Ukudla kufanele kube nemifino eluhlaza, imikhiqizo yobisi. Umuntu ngeke asho umkhiqizo owusizo njenge-buckwheat. Ngosizo lokudla okuqukethe i-fiber yemvelo ukuthi isithombe somtholampilo walesi sifo singathuthuka.

Izici ezinenzuzo zefayibha yokudla zinciphisa izinga lokufakwa kwe-carbohydrate, okunomphumela omuhle kushukela wegazi. Ngenxa yalokhu, amanyikwe kanye nezinye izitho zowesifazane zisebenza kahle.

Into yesibili enomphumela omuhle kushukela wegazi ukusebenza komzimba. Kuyasiza ukuya emaqenjini akhethekile ezempilo. Kuzoba wusizo ukuhamba ngezinyawo emoyeni omusha. Izithombe zemindeni ehlathini ngeke zigcwalise umzimba nge-oxygen kuphela, kepha futhi zizonciphisa ukucindezeleka, zinciphise ukukhathazeka, futhi zithuthukise ikhwalithi yokulala.

Isifo sikashukela sokubeletha ngemuva kokubeletha

Uma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kutholakala ukuthi isifo sikashukela satholakala, khona-ke ochwepheshe ngesikhathi sokusebenza babheka kakhulu ushukela wegazi lowesifazane osenkingeni nesimo sesibeletho.

Isinqumo sokuba nengxenye yecesarean senziwa lapho kuvela izinkinga.

Esikhathini sokuya esikhathini, ukuqapha kwe-glucose kuyaqhubeka ukwenziwa hhayi kumama kuphela, kodwa nakumntwana. Uma kunesidingo, umntwana osanda kuzalwa ufakwa nesixazululo sikashukela emthanjeni.

Ukuvela kokuthinta kukhulisa ingozi yokuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 esikhathini sokubeletha. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqeda zonke izinto ezingafaka ukuvela kwesifo. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwenkomba ye-glycemic yemikhiqizo kwezinye izimo kubangela ukuphazamiseka.

Kepha ukugula okungathi sína okunjalo kudinga ukunakwa wena njalo. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 singangena kwifomu elibunjiwe, elinemiphumela emibi. Imijovo ye-insulin eqhubekayo ilithinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yempilo.

Amavidiyo ahlobene

Konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa:

Noma kunjalo, ukwethuka lapho wenza ukuxilongwa akukufanele. Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa akusona isigwebo. Ukubuyekezwa kwayo ngabesifazane abaye baba nalesi sifo kukhombisa ukuthi ukulawula ngokuphelele ukondleka nokuvivinya umzimba kuyadingeka.

Ukuhambisana ngokuphelele nezincomo zochwepheshe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuzonyusa amathuba okuqeda lesi sifo futhi ngeke kuyilimaze kabi impilo yengane. Kamuva, ngokugcwaliseka okungenamkhawulo kwezimo ezidingekayo, isifo sikashukela asisabuyi.