Isifo sikashukela mellitus (DM) singenye yezifo ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni wanamuhla.
Ngokuya imvamisa yokwenzeka, iba sendabeni yezifo ezinjengesifo sofuba, ingculaza nomdlavuza.
Isifo sikashukela senzeka ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lwe-endocrine futhi sibangela ukuphazamiseka okuningi ezigulini ngenxa yezinga likashukela eliphakeme njalo.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ukuxilongwa okunjalo kungenziwa kuwo wonke umuntu wesithathu. Ngalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yini ngempela ecasulayo ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela, nokuthi lesi sifo siqhubeka kanjani ezigabeni ezahlukene.
Izigaba
Izigaba zesifo sikashukela ukwahlukaniswa kwalesi sifo zibe izinhlobo ezimbili eziphambili (izigaba 1 no-2). Uhlobo ngalunye lokugula lunezimpawu ezithile.
Ngaphezu kwezimpawu ezihambisana nalesi sifo, ama-regimens okwelashwa ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene nawo ayahluka.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isikhathi eside isiguli sihlala nalesi sifo, kube nezimpawu ezingaqapheleki zohlobo oluthile. Ngakho-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukwelashwa kuncishiswa ohlelweni olujwayelekile, olunciphisa amathuba okuvimba inqubo yokuqhubeka kwesifo.
Uhlobo olu-1
Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela lubizwa ngokuthi yi-insulin-futhi lubhekwa njengendlela yokuphambuka kakhulu. Ushukela wohlobo loku-1 uvame ukukhula esemncane (iminyaka engama-25-30).
Ezimweni eziningi, ukuqala kwalesi sifo kuvusa inkambiso yofuzo.
Njengoba kunikezwe ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, isiguli siphoqelelwa ukuba sinamathele njalo ekudleni okuqinile futhi sijova i-insulin njalo. Ngalesi sifo, ukungasebenzi kahle kwamasosha omzimba, lapho amaseli e-pancreatic ebhujiswa ngumzimba uqobo. Ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezokwehlisa ushukela ngalesi sifo ngeke kunikeze umphumela.
Izinhlobo ezi-2
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 siyindlela yokuzimela ye-insulin, phakathi nesikhathi lapho amanyikwe aqhubeka nokukhiqiza i-insulin ngenkuthalo, ngakho-ke isiguli asinakho ukusweleka kwale hormone.
Ezimweni eziningi, kunokungaphezulu kokuthile emzimbeni emzimbeni. Imbangela yokuqalwa kwalesi sifo ukulahleka kokuzwela kwe-insulin ngama-membranes eseli.
Ngenxa yalokhu, umzimba une-hormone edingekayo, kepha ayigwinyi ngenxa yokusebenza kabi kwama-receptors. Amaseli awatholi inani lama-carbohydrate adingekayo ekusebenzeni kwawo ngokugcwele, yingakho ukudla kwabo okugcwele kungabonakali.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sivame kakhulu kunesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, futhi senzeka ikakhulu kubantu asebekhulile abakhuluphele ngokweqile. Ishukela elinjalo alidingi ukujova okuqhubekayo kwe-insulin. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezinjalo, ukudla nokusebenzisa ama-hypoglycemic agents kuyimpoqo.
Iziqu
Kunama-degree amathathu abalulekile wesifo sikashukela, ngokuya ngobunzima besi sifo:
- 1 (ngobumnene). Njengomthetho, kulesi sigaba, isiguli asizizwa izinguquko ezibalulekile emzimbeni, ngenxa yalokho, kungenzeka ukunquma inani eliphakeme likashukela kuphela ngemuva kokuphasa ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Imvamisa, i-control ayidluli i-10 mmol / l, futhi ushukela awukho ngokuphelele emchameni;
- 2 (isigaba esiphakathi). Kulokhu, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi izobonisa ukuthi inani le-glucose lidlule i-10 mmol / l, futhi into izotholakala ngokuqinisekile kumchamo. Imvamisa, isilinganiso sesifo sikashukela sihambisana nezimpawu ezinjengokoma, umlomo owomile, ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile, kanye nesidingo sokuvakasha njalo endlini encane. Futhi, ukwakheka kwe-pustular okungapholi isikhathi eside kungavela esikhunjeni;
- 3 (ezinzima). Ezimweni ezinzima, kukhona ukwephulwa kwazo zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni wesiguli. Okuqukethwe ushukela kulawo womabili umchamo nomchamo uphakeme kakhulu, yingakho kunamathuba amaningi aphezulu we-coma yesifo sikashukela. Ngalesi degree lokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo, izimpawu zivezwa kakhulu. Izinkinga ze-vascular ne-neurological ziyavela, zivusa ukuthuthukiswa kokuntuleka kwezinye izitho zomzimba.
Izici ezihlukile zama-degree
Izimpawu ezihlukanisayo zama-degree cishe azoncika esiteji sokukhula kwalesi sifo. Esigabeni ngasinye, isiguli sizohlupheka ngemizwa ehlukene, engashintsha ngesikhathi kusungulwa lesi sifo. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bahlukanisa izigaba ezilandelayo zokukhula kwalesi sifo kanye nezimpawu zazo.
Isifo sikashukela
Sikhuluma ngabantu abasengozini (obese, abanesifiso sokuthola ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, ababhemayo, asebekhulile, abahlushwa i-pancreatitis engapheli kanye nezinye izigaba).
Uma isiguli esine-prediabetes sivivinya udokotela futhi siphumelela ukuvivinya, ngeke kutholakale ushukela ophezulu noma umchamo. Futhi kulesi sigaba umuntu ngeke akhathazwe yizimpawu ezingemnandi zesimpawu seziguli ezinesifo sohlobo 1 noma sohlobo 2.
Kufihliwe
Isigaba sokugcina siqhubeka cishe ngokungaqondakali. Ukubona ubukhona bokuphambuka kungenzeka kuphela ngosizo locwaningo lomtholampilo.
Uma uthatha isivivinyo sokubekezelela ushukela, ungabona ukuthi ushukela wegazi ngemuva kokulayisha ushukela ususezingeni eliphezulu isikhathi eside kakhulu kunasesimweni esijwayelekile.
Lesi simo sidinga ukubhekwa njalo. Kwezinye izimo zemitholampilo, udokotela unquma ukwelashwa ukuvimbela ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwalesi sifo kanye nokuguqulwa kwaso kube sezingeni elibi ngokwedlulele.
Okucacisiwe
Njengomthetho, lokhu kufaka phakathi isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2, okuhambisana nezimpawu ezicacile, okubonisa ubukhona obungenamibandela bokungahambi kahle kwesifo sikashukela.
Esimweni sokuhlolwa kwelebhu (ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo) ngokusobala kwesifo sikashukela okusobala, kuzotholakala izinga likashukela kuzo zombili izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Izimpawu ezikhomba ubukhona obusobala bezinkinga ezinkulu zibandakanya umlomo owomile, ukoma okungapheli kanye nendlala, ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile, ukunciphisa isisindo, ukubona okufiphele, isikhumba esikhanyayo, ikhanda, iphunga elibonakalayo le-acetone, ukuvuvukala kobuso nezingalo eziphansi, nabanye abanye izimpawu.
Imvamisa, lokhu kuboniswa kuzenza zizizwe ngokungazelelwe, kubonakale empilweni yesiguli, njengoba besho, “ngesikhathi esisodwa”. Akunakwenzeka ukuthola ngokuzimela ukunquma kobunzima kanye nezinga lokunganakwa kwalesi sifo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlolwe ngodokotela. Ngokusho kwesigaba se-WHO ngo-Okthoba 1999, imiqondo efana nesifo sikashukela “esingancikeli i-insulin” kanye ne-“insulin-sincike” sakhanselwa.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwalesi sifo ezinhlotsheni nakho kwaqedwa.
Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke ochwepheshe abamukele ukwakhiwa okunjalo, ngakho-ke, bayaqhubeka nokusebenzisa indlela ejwayelekile yokuthola ubucayi kanye nezinga lokunganakwa kwalesi sifo ekuxilongeni.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Mayelana namafomu, izigaba namazinga obunzima besifo sikashukela kule vidiyo:
Ukugwema ukubonakaliswa kwesifo sikashukela nokukhula kwayo okulandelayo, kunconyelwa ukuthi kuhlolwe abantu abasengozini njalo. Le ndlela izokuvumela ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela ngesikhathi futhi wakhe kahle ekudleni kwakho, okuzokusiza ukumisa inqubo yokukhula kwalesi sifo.
Ngenxa yalokhu, isiguli ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngeke siguqukele 'kumnini' othembela ku-insulin wohlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela, esingeyona nje ingozi yokuba senhle, kodwa futhi nasempilweni yomuntu.
