Uhlobo Iabetes mellitus yisifo esiyingozi esiyingozi se-endocrine. Kungenxa yokushoda kokuhlanganiswa kwe-pancreatic hormone.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuba khona kweglucose egazini kuyakhuphuka. Kuzo zonke izimo zokugula okukhulunywa ngazo, lolu hlobo aluvamile.
Njengomthetho, kutholakala kubantu abancane nabancane. Okwamanje, imbangela eqondile yalesi sifo ayaziwa. Kepha, ngasikhathi sinye, kunezici ezithile ezithile ezifaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwayo.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukungazweli kofuzo, izifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa yigciwane, ukubekeka ubuthi kanye nokuphendula kwe-autoimmune immune immune. Isixhumanisi esikhulu se-pathogenetic salesi sifo esiyingozi futhi esibucayi sohlobo lokuqala ukufa cishe kwama-91% wama-pancreatic β-cell.
Ngemuva kwalokho, kuvela isifo esibonakala ngokukhiqizwa okunganele kwe-insulin. Ngakho-ke siyini isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin, futhi yini eholela ekwandeni kokuxineka koshukela kuyi-seramu yegazi?
Isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin: yini?
Le ndlela yalesi sifo icishe ibe ngu-9% wezehlakalo, ezihambisana nokwanda kwe-glucose ku-plasma yegazi.
Kodwa-ke, inani eliphelele labanesifo sikashukela liyanda minyaka yonke. Yile nhlobonhlobo ebhekwa njengeyinzima kakhulu ukuvuza futhi ihlala itholakala kubantu besebancane.
Ngakho-ke yini okufanele wonke umuntu ayazi ngesifo sikashukela ngendlela exhomeke kwi-insulin ukuze avimbele ukukhula kwayo? Okokuqala kudingeka uqonde imigomo. Isifo sikashukela mellitus - isifo semvelaphi ye-autoimmune, ebonakala ngokuyeka ngokuphelele noma okuyingxenye ukwakheka kwe-pancreatic hormone ebizwa nge-insulin.
Le nqubo eyingozi futhi ebulalayo iholela ekuqongeleleni ushukela ongemutho egazini, oluthathwa ngokuthiwa “amandla aluhlaza okhiqizwe”, okudingeka ekusebenzeni kahle kwezakhiwo eziningi zamaselula kanye nemisipha. Futhi, ngeke bakwazi ukuthola amandla abalulekile awadingayo bese beqala ukudiliza izinqolobane ezikhona zamaprotheni namafutha ngalokhu.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin
Yi-insulin ebhekwa njengeyodwa ye-hormone enomusa emzimbeni womuntu, onamandla okulawula ushukela wegazi. Ikhiqizwa ngamaseli athile akhiwe eziqhingini zeLangerhans zamanyikwe.
Kepha, ngeshwa, emzimbeni wawo wonke umuntu kunenamba enkulu yamanye ama-hormone anekhono lokukhulisa okuqukethwe ushukela. Isibonelo, abelwa i-adrenaline ne-norepinephrine.
Ukuvela okwalandela kwalesi sifo se-endocrine kuthonywa yizinto eziningi, ezingatholakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi esihlokweni. Kukholelwa ukuthi indlela yokuphila yangempela inomthelela omkhulu kulokhu kugula. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu besizukulwane sanamuhla baya ngokuya behlupheka ngenxa yokuba khona kwamaphawundi angeziwe futhi abafuni ukuhola impilo esebenzayo.
Izinhlobo zokugula ezidume kakhulu zithathwa njengokulandelayo:
- Uhlobo I isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- uhlobo olunga-insulin lokuncika 2;
- kwezokuxhumana.
Uhlobo lokuqala lwalesi sifo lubhekwa njenge-pathology eyingozi, lapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kucishe kuyeke ngokuphelele. Inani elikhulu lososayensi banamuhla likholelwa ukuthi isici esenzelwa ifa sibhekwa njengesizathu esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa kwalolu hlobo lokugula.
Lesi sifo sidinga ukulawulwa okuqhubekayo nokubekezela okumangazayo, ngoba okwamanje azikho izidakamizwa ezingalapha isiguli ngokuphelele.
Imijovo ejwayelekile ye-hormone yokufakelwa i-pancreatic ukuphela kwensindiso, kanye nengxenye yokwelapha, okuhloswe ngayo ukuthuthukisa isimo somzimba jikelele.
Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo lubonakala ngokubona okungathí sina kwamangqamuzana okuthiwa ama-kwelitshe kwe-hormone ekwehlisa ushukela.
Ngokungafani nohlobo lokuqala lwesifo, ama-pancreas ayaqhubeka nokukhiqiza i-insulin ngejubane elijwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, amaseli aqala ukungaphenduli ngokwanele kuwo.
Lolu hlobo lwesifo luthinta ikakhulukazi abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-43 ubudala. Ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi, ukunamathela ekudleni okuqinile kanye nokuzivocavoca okwanele komzimba kwenza ukuthi kugweme ukwelashwa okungafuneki kwezidakamizwa kanye nokwelashwa kwe-insulin.
Kepha izinhlobonhlobo zesithathu zalesi sifo, sikhula ngqo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwengane. Emzimbeni womama okhulelwe, izinqubo ezithile ziqala ukwenzeka, ikakhulukazi, ukuhlelwa kabusha ngokuphelele kwama-hormone, ngenxa yalokho izinkomba zeglucose zinganda.
Uhlobo luni?
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin sibhekwa njengohlobo lokuqala lwesifo.
Izizathu zokubukeka
Ngaphandle kwesilinganiso esihehayo sokucwaninga, odokotela banamuhla nososayensi abakwazi ukuphendula kahle lo mbuzo: kungani kuvela uhlobo lweswekile 1?
Okwenza amasosha omzimba asebenze ngokwawo kuhlala kuyimfihlakalo. Kodwa-ke, izifundo ezedlule bezingezona ize.
Besebenzisa inani elikhulu lokuhlola, ochwepheshe bakwazile ukuthola ukuthi kunezici ezithile ezingakhulisa amathuba okuthi i-mellitus engaxinekile ne-insulin inganciki.
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 zifaka lokhu okulandelayo:
- ukwehluleka kwe-hormonal. Njengomthetho, akuyona into engafani nasebusheni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwephula umthetho kwenzeka ngokuhambisana nethonya le-hormone yokukhula;
- ubulili bomuntu. Kungekudala kakhulu, kwafakazelwa ngokwesayensi ukuthi abantu besifazane banamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi sifo se-endocrine;
- ukukhuluphala. Isisindo esithe xaxa kungaholela ekubekeni kwamafutha ayingozi ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi nokukhuphuka kweglucose yegazi;
- isakhi sofuzo. Uma uhlobo lokuqala nolwesibili lwalesi sifo lutholakala kumama nobaba, khona-ke kosanda kuzalwa, kakhulu, kuzovela nengxenye yawo wonke amacala. Ngokwezibalo, amawele angahlushwa ngasikhathi sinye isifo sikashukela ngamathuba angama-50%, kodwa amawele - 25%;
- umbala wesikhumba. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi le nto inomthelela omuhle kulesi sifo, ngoba ivela kaningi ngama-25% emncintiswaneni omnyama;
- i-pancreatic pathology. Izifo ezinkulu ze-pathological ekusebenzeni kwamanyikwe;
- ukungasebenzi komzimba. Lapho umuntu ephila impilo yokuhlala lapho, khona-ke uyandisela amathuba okuba nesifo sikashukela;
- imikhuba emibi (ukubhema, ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala);
- ukungondleki okungafanele nokungalingani. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kabi kokudla okungenamsoco (ukudla okungenampilo, okunamafutha, okuthosiwe kanye nokudla okumnandi).
- ukuzala izingane. Njengoba sekuphawuliwe ngaphambili, phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izinguquko ezinkulu zenzeka emzimbeni kamama okhulelwe, ikakhulukazi, ukungalingani kwe-hormonal.
- ukuthatha imishanguzo ethile. Ukwelashwa ngama-glucocorticoids, ama-antipsychotic atypical, blockers, ama-thiazides nezinye izidakamizwa.
Izimpawu
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngalolu hlobo lwesifo zonke izinhlobo ezikhona ze-metabolism ziyephulwa: i-electrolyte, amaprotheni, i-enzymatic, immune, peptide namanzi.
Izimpawu ezinkulu zokuba khona kwezifo emzimbeni we-endocrine yilezi ezilandelayo:
- ukoma
- ulwelwesi olomile lwethambo lomlomo;
- ukukhathala
- ikhanda;
- ukunciphisa isisindo ngokushesha ngokudla okuhle;
- ukuchama okusheshayo nokubonakalayo;
- ukulunywa
- isicanucanu
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala;
- ukungaboni kahle
Ukuxilonga
Ngaphezu kwesithombe somtholampilo esimenyezelwe, izinga likashukela egazini kufanele liphawulwe.
Uma i-6.4 mmol / L noma ngaphezulu kuka-10.2 mmol / L itholakala ngemuva kwamahora amabili kuhlolwe ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose, kungashiwo ukuthi isiguli sinesifo sikashukela.
Noma kunjalo, njengomthetho, kumchamo kunokuqukethwe okukhulayo kwe-glucose. Phakathi kokunye, izinga eliphakeme le-glycosylated hemoglobin lingakhombisa ubukhona be-hyperglycemia.
Ukwelashwa
Ngokuqondene nokwelashwa okusebenzayo, kunemisebenzi emibili eyinhloko: ushintsho olukhulu kwindlela yokuphila yamanje nokwelashwa okunekhono ngezidakamizwa ezithile.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela njalo ukudla okhethekile, okubandakanya ukubala amayunithi esinkwa.
Ungakhohlwa ngemisebenzi eyanele yomzimba nokuzithiba. Isigaba esibalulekile ukukhethwa komuntu ngamunye kokuphathwa kwe-insulin.
Kukhona irejimeni elula yokwelashwa kwe-insulin, ukumiliselwa okuqhubekayo kwe-pancreatic hormone, kanye nemijovo eminingi e-subcutaneous.
Imiphumela yokuqhubeka kwesifo
Ekukhuleni okulandelayo, lesi sifo sinomphumela omubi oqinile kuzo zonke izinhlelo zomzimba.Le nqubo engenakulungiswa ingagwenywa ngenxa yokuxilongwa ngesikhathi. Kubalulekile nokunakekela ngokukhethekile ukusekela.
Inkinga ebhubhisa kakhulu yisifo sikashukela.
Lesi simo sinezimpawu ezifana nesiyezi, ukuphefumula kanye nenausea, kanye nokuqina.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Konke okuphathelene nesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin kumdlalo we-TV "Phila kahle!" no-Elena Malysheva:
Thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1 akusona isigwebo. Into ebaluleke kunazo zonke ukwazi konke ngalesi sifo. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuba uhlome futhi ufike ngesikhathi ukuthola noma yiziphi izinguquko ekusebenzeni komzimba wakho. Lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala ezethusayo, kufanele uthintane ngokushesha ne-endocrinologist efanelekile ukuze ihlolwe, ihlolwe futhi iqokwe ukwelashwa okufanele.
