Ukuhlelwa kokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-cholesterol kubantu abadala: itafula

I-cholesterol yegazi ingenye yezinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu, ikhombisa ubungozi bokuqalwa kwe-atherosulinosis yemithambo yegazi, ukwakheka kwamachaphaza cholesterol ezindongeni zawo. Ukwakheka kwento efana namafutha ngotshwala be-lipophilic, kuqukethwe kulwelwesi lwesitho somzimba.

Ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-40, umuntu ngamunye uyanconywa ukuba enze ucwaningo futhi athathe ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile emtholampilo nakwa-biochemical. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa kokulimala kwe-carbohydrate metabolism ne-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, ngoba kuziguli zaleli qembu izinkinga ezivame ukuba khona.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokuthola i-cholesterol, kokubili amakhemikhali ne-enzymatic. Izindlela ze-Enzymatic zivame ukwenziwa. Isifo sikashukela singathenga nezinqubo zokuhlola ngazinye zokucwaninga ekhemisi, kodwa ukusebenza kwazo akunakuqhathaniswa nokunemba kokuhlolwa kwelebhu. Izinguquko emazingeni okushisa, umswakama nezinye izinto zingathinta ukusebenza.

Lapho banikela ngegazi cholesterol

Izinkomba eziphambili zokucwaninga izinkomba ze-cholesterol ephansi izifo yizifo zemisipha yenhliziyo kanye ne-vascular system, ukukhuluphala. Izikhathi eziningi izinkinga nge-cholesterol zihambisana nokubhema isikhathi eside, izinqubo ezingapheli zesifo sezinso nezinso, izifo ze-endocrine kanye namazinga eglucose aphezulu.

Uma umuntu enayo, ngaphezu kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, okunye kokuphazamiseka okungenhla, kudingeka ahlolwe i-cholesterol okungenani kanye phakathi nenkambo. Ngamanani aphezulu, lolu cwaningo lwenzeka njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.

Lapho okuqukethwe i-cholesterol ephelele kudlula imikhawulo evunyelwe, kuyadingeka ukuthola iphrofayili ye-lipid (ukuhlaziywa kwawo wonke ama-lipoprotein). Kwenziwa ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho, ngaphambi kwenqubo, cishe amahora angama-8 awukwazi ukudla noma yini, kufaka nokuphuza itiye; ikhofi iziphuzo.

Ukuphuza amanzi ejwayelekile akuvunyelwe. Kuyingozi ukudla ukudla okunamafutha ngobusuku bangaphambilini, kunconywa ukugwema ukudla ngokweqile, kepha futhi akumele ukubulawa yindlala.

Imvamisa, igazi lithathwa njengesikhombi se-cholesterol ephelele. Ngevelu ejwayelekile, inani lama-lipoproteins ngamanye ayihambi ngaphezu kokujwayelekile; asikho isidingo sokutholwa okwengeziwe kwezinto ezibonakalayo.

Ungadlula kanjani? Ngosuku olungaphambi kokuhlaziywa, utshwala bunqunyelwe, okungenani ihora ngaphambi kokuthathwa kwento, ungabhemi, ungafaki:

1. ukusebenza komzimba;
2. ukudlala imidlalo;
3. izimo ezicindezelayo.

Uma umuntu ephuthuma ngaphambi kophenyo, ehamba ngejubane elikhulu, wayedinga ukuhlala phansi aphumule kancane. Uma kungenzeka, kufanele ulale imizuzu engama-20-30.

Lapho kunesidingo sezinqubo zomzimba, i-radiography, ukuhlolwa kwesikwele, umnikelo wegazi wenziwa ngaphambi kokuxilongwa. Udinga futhi ukwazisa udokotela ngemithi oyiphuzayo, ingathinta imiphumela yokuhlaziywa.

Ama-reagents abucayi kakhulu asetshenziswa ukuthola into efana namafutha, anikeze umphumela onokwethenjelwa. Mangaki amalebhu angenza ukuhlaziya? Isikhathi sokulungela ukuhlolwa kwegazi singasukela ezinsukwini ezi-1 kuye kwezingu-3.

Umkhawulo ophezulu wesilinganiso se-cholesterol ephelele uhambisana nobudala besifo sikashukela, sikalwa ngamamililitha ilitha linye legazi (igama elithi mmol / l).

I-cholesterol isiyonke esezingeni elisezingeni alikho ngaphezu kwamaphuzu ayi-5.0, ngoba ucwaningo alukho amanani ajwayelekile acacile.

Amazinga e-cholesterol ahlukile

Iphrofayili ye-lipid (isifundo esandisiwe ku-cholesterol) ihlinzeka ngokusungulwa kwezinkomba ze-cholesterol ephelele, inani le-triglycerides, kanye ne-coefflements of atherogenicity. Ngokusho kwedatha etholakele, amathuba okuqanjwa kwe-atherosclerosis yemikhumbi alinganiselwa.

I-HDL (lipdrinsins ephezulu noma i-cholesterol enhle).

I-LDL (lipDensity density lipoprotein noma i-cholesterol embi)

I-cholesterol enhle ayikwazi ukuhlala ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, ihanjiswa esibindini. Umuthi ngokuvamile awudluli i-1.0 mmol / L. I-cholesterol eyingozi ibangela ukuvela kwama-atherosulinotic plaque, okuqukethwe okusegazini akufanele kudlule i-3 mmol / l.

I-coaleffic ehambelana ngaphansi kwamayunithi amathathu ikhombisa ubungozi obukhulu bokulimala kwe-vascular, inkomba engaphezu kweyisihlanu ikhombisa ubukhona be-vasher atherosclerosis, ingozi enkulu yesifo senhliziyo esiyingozi, ukulimala kwezinye izitho zangaphakathi.

Ubuchwepheshe besimanje benza ukuthi bakwazi ukusebenzisa abahlaziyi be-cholesterol level ekhethekile, abathengiswa ekhemisi. Isimo esibalulekile sokuthola umphumela owenele ukulungiselela okulungiselelwe kokuqala. Ukuhlaziywa kwasekhaya kuthathwa esiswini esingenalutho ngakho-ke, ukucutshungulwa kunikezwa etafuleni, inkomba kufanele iboniswe kuma-millililes.

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-cholesterol kubalulekile kwabanesifo sikashukela abathatha umuthi we-cholesterol. Bayakuvumela ukuthi ulawule ukusebenza kwezokwelapha.

Ukuzihlola kuyakhonjelwa ezigulini ezinezifo zenhliziyo ezineminyaka yobudala engama-60 ubudala. Kwabesifazane, ukuqapha i-cholesterol kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini.

Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nokulimala kwe-cholesterol

Akuwona wonke ama-cholesterol egazi anenzuzo efanayo empilweni yabantu, futhi hhayi wonke ama-cholesterol ngokwawo ayingozi. Umuthi udlala imisebenzi eminingana, ngokuyinhloko uqinisa ulwelwesi lwamaseli, ubamba iqhaza ekwenziweni kwamahomoni e-steroid, i-bile.

Ngaphandle kwe-cholesterol, ukumuncwa okujwayelekile kanye nokuchithwa kwe-vithamini D akunakwenzeka, ukulawulwa kokuthola iseli, ukuvikela amaseli abomvu egazi kusuka ku-hemolysis. Le nto ibangela ukulimala ngesizathu sokuthi ayikwazi ukuncibilika emanzini, ngaphandle kwezithwali ezikhethekile ayihambi ngokuhamba kwegazi.

Ama-apoprotein aba ngabathuthi, kanye nawo amafomu e-cholesterol compounds encibilikayo - i-lipoprotein. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-lipoproteins: ukuphakama okuphezulu, okuphansi kakhulu futhi okuphansi kakhulu, ama-chylomicrons.

I-molecule eyodwa ye-cholesterol ephezulu kakhulu ihanjiswa ngamangqamuzana amane amaprotheni. Into iba yinto yokwakha ye:

• amaseli;
• ama-hormone;
• uvithamini D.

Ukusuka kulo ukuthi isibindi sigcina i-bile, ngaphandle kwalokho ukugaya okwejwayelekile kwamafutha akunakwenzeka. Ama-lipoprotein asezingeni eliphakeme ayakwazi ukususa umzimba wezinto ezisezingeni eliphansi. E-complexes, ibhalansi ye-cholesterol neproteyini iyinye.

I-cholesterol embi ingathola umuntu onesifo sikashukela ekudleni, ihlale ezindongeni ze-vascular futhi ivuse ukuqhuma. Lapho i-cholesterol esezingeni eliphansi ibamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwama-membrane amaseli, amaseli atholakele ashesha ukuguga, ukuzwela kwawo kanye nokuqina kwezakhi ezizuzisayo kuphansi kakhulu.

Ngaphandle kwakho konke, i-cholesterol embi nayo ibalulekile ukuze ube nempilo enhle. Umuthi uqeda ubuthi obunobungozi, unikeza impendulo yokuzivikela kuma-lipoprotein aphansi kakhulu. Kamuva, kukhona ama-molecule amane e-cholesterol nge molekyuli ngayinye yamaprotheni. Le ndlela yento efana namafutha ibhekwa njengeyingozi kakhulu, ifakwa emikhunjini, ivusa unhlangothi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kanye ne-gangrene.

Ibhalansi ye-HDL, LDL, VLDL inquma isimo sezempilo sesifo sikashukela. Esimweni lapho kuhlolwa igazi, isiguli sizobona imigqa emi-4:

1. i-cholesterol ephelele;
2. I-HDL
3. I-PLNP;
4. IVLDL.

I-cholesterol ephansi kakhulu ibizwa ngenye indlela ibizwa nge-triglycerides.

Amayunithi ahlukene wokulinganisa asetshenziswa ekuhlaziyeni: mg / 100 ml, mg%, mmol / l, mg / dl. Ukuqokwa kokuthathu kokuqala kuyefana. Lesi sakamuva sibalwa ngokuphindaphinda noma iyiphi inkomba yokuqala ngesici esingu-38.6.

Ukuncipha kokuxineka kwama-lipoprotein, kukhuphula ubungozi bokuthenjwa odongeni lwemithambo yegazi, ukwakheka kwamachaphaza, ukushayeka kwegazi.

Izimbangela zokuphazamiseka kukhuluphele, ukusetshenziswa kwenani elikhulu lamafutha we-trans, ukudla kwezilwane, ukubhema, umsebenzi ophansi womzimba.

Ezinye izizathu ukusetshenziswa kwenqwaba yama-carbohydrate acwengiweyo, izifo ze-thyroid kanye nama-pancreas, ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwemithi ethile. Le nkinga ihambelana ngokulinganayo kwabesilisa nabesifazane.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-cholesterol kuchazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.