Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, izimpawu zalesi sifo bezaziwa kubantu. “Isifo sikashukela” esivela ku-“diabayo” wesiGreki, okusho ukuthi “ukuphuma, ukuphuma” (ngalezozinsuku, isifo sikashukela sasibhekwa njengesifo lapho umzimba sasingakwazi ukubamba uketshezi) sasijwayelekile kwabaseGibhithe ngisho nokwakhiwa kwamaphiramidi.
Ukoma okungenakuqedwa, ukwanda kokuchama nokuncipha kwesisindo, yize kunesifiso esihle futhi kwesinye isikhathi esandayo, kuyizimpawu ezaziwa odokotela kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo.
Umlando wezokwelapha
Eminyakeni engaba ngu-2 000 edlule, idatha yesifo sikashukela yangeza ohlwini lwezifo emazweni amaningi. Ngenxa yobudala obudala be-pathology uqobo, kusenamaphuzu ahlukahlukene wokubuka ukuthi ngubani owethule okokuqala ezimpilweni zethu.
Encwadini yesifo sasendulo sabaseGibhithe esikwelapha i- "Papyrus Ebers" isifo sikashukela sase sithathwa njengesifo esizimele.
Ukucaciswa ngokucophelela ngokucophelela, igama elithi "isifo sikashukela" laziswa ngudokotela uDemetrios wase-Apamania ngekhulu lesibili leminyaka BC, kodwa owokuqala walichaza ngokwembono lomtholampilo.
U-Areteus waseCappadocia, owayephila ngekhulu le-1 AD, owayesekela futhi evuma leli gama. Encazelweni yakhe yesifo sikashukela, wethule njengokugeleza okungamanzi emzimbeni, okusebenzisa yona (umzimba), njengesitebhisi, kuphela ukushiya ngokushesha.
Ngendlela, isifo sikashukela emithini yaseYurophu, esasibhekwa njengesihamba phambili ngaleso sikhathi, saziwa kuphela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17.
Ngesikhathi lapho, ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka ezedlule, ukuqashelwa komchamo wesiguli sikashukela nokuqukethwe ushukela okuso bekuvele kunqunywe abaseGibhithe, amaNdiya kanye nabaseShayina ngokuchaphazeleka kalula komchamo wesiguli kusukela kuthotho, lapho izintuthwane zigasele khona.
E-Europe "ekhanyiselwe" i-"smack" yomchamo yatholakala kuphela ngonyaka we-1647 ngudokotela oyi-English nodokotela wezemvelo, uThomas Willis.
Futhi kakade ngo-1900, usosayensi waseRussia uL. Sobolev kukhombisile futhi kwafakazela ukuthi ama-juices wokugaya ama-pancreas avimbela ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela. Ehlalisa imicengezi yamanyikwe, wathola ukuthi izindawo ezingafakwanga (ezingathathelwa kalula yi-atrophy) zihlala futhi zigcina i-insulin, esiza umzimba ukuthola izinto ezinoshukela.
Ushukela - Isifo Sikashukela Somnandi
Njengamanje, kunenqwaba yokuhlukaniswa kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ngokwezifiso ezahlukahlukene:
- 1 degree - isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin, njengomthetho, senzeka ezinganeni nakubantu abasha;
- 2 degree - isifo sikashukela esingathembele kwe-insulin, lolu uhlobo lwesifo esijwayelekile (kufika ku-90% yenani leziguli). Imvamisa kwenzeka kubantu asebedlule iminyaka yeminyaka engamashumi amane. Ikhula kancane kancane futhi inezimpawu eziphansi kakhulu;
- I-3 degree - Uhlobo oluthile lwesifo oluhlanganisa izici zomtholampilo zohlobo 1 no-2 sikashukela.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ikakhulukazi ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ukuhambisana nokudla kwanele. Ukudla okunempilo ekudleni kusebenza kahle kakhulu ekulweni nalesi sifo emabangeni aso okuqala. Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela kufanele zibhaliswe nodokotela oyi-endocrinologist futhi zizame ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini.
Ngokudla okukhethekile, kuyadingeka ukukhipha ushukela, isiraphu, izithelo ezimnandi, utshwala ekudleni. Thatha ukudla ngezingxenye ezincane, amahlandla ama-4 noma ama-5 ngosuku. Izinhlobo ezithile zokudla kokudla, ikakhulukazi i-jam, ephephile ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, kuzoxoxwa ngazo kulesi sihloko.
Njengoba wazi, noma yisiphi isiphuzo esinoshukela kumane nje “kuyibhomu” eligcwele amakhalori wabantu abane-glucose ephezulu yegazi, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, noma ezinye izinkinga ezihlobene ezenzeka kushukela.
Ukuphela kwendlela yokuphuma kwalesi simo ukwenza i-jam nge-substitute ushukela noma ngaphandle kwezithasiselo.
Ekuqaleni kubonakala sengathi i-dessert emnandi nokugcwaliswa okumnandi kokubhaka nje akunakuba mnandi ngaphandle kwengxenye yayo eyinhloko - ushukela. Kepha lokhu akunjalo. Ujamu, ujamu kanye ujamu kwabashukela abanesifo sikashukela kungabi wusizo nje kuphela, kepha futhi kunambitheka ngendlela emangalisayo. Futhi izindlela ezingezansi zizokufakazela.
Zokupheka Jam nge ngaphandle noma kwe-sweetener
Kusuka kuma-raspberries kushukela wawo siqu
Iresiphi ilula: beka ama-6 kg ama-raspberries amasha epanini elikhulu, anyakaze ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze ahlangane.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-raspberries akufanele agezwe, ngoba ujusi wawo onenzuzo uzolahleka.
Ngemuva kwalokho, kubhakedeni elihlanzekile lensimbi yokudla, izendlalelo eziningana ze-gauze noma ithawula le-waffle lisatshalaliswa phansi, kubekwa imbiza yengilazi endwangu bese ibhakede ligcwele phakathi.
Akufanelekile ukubeka imbiza ngqo emanzini ashisayo, ngoba ingaqhuma ngenxa yomehluko wokushisa obukhali. Ukuletha amanzi ebhakedeni ebilisiwe, umlilo kufanele uncishiswe.
Amajikijolo ngesikhathi sokupheka okunje azoqala ukukhipha ijusi ngokushesha bese "axazulule". Ngezikhathi ezithile kuzodingeka ukuthulula amajikijolo embizeni, uqiniseke ukuthi ihlala igcwele. Le jamu kumele ibiliswe ihora, ngemuva kwalokho imbiza yamajikijolo igingqiwe ngendlela ejwayelekile bese isethwe ukuba ipholile ibheke phansi. Le jamu ayibhekwa njenge-dessert emnandi nje kuphela, kepha futhi ingumuthi omuhle kakhulu wamakhaza.
Kusuka kuma-tangerines ama-juicy
Le jamu ye-sweetener enendlela yayo elula elula engenathemba.
Ungenza i-tangerine jam ku-sorbitol noma i-fructose. Kuyadingeka ukuthatha:
- 500 g wezithelo ezivuthiwe;
- 1 kg ye-sorbitol noma i-500 g ye-fructose;
- I-350 g yamanzi.
Ama-tangerines kufanele afakelwe ngamanzi ashisayo, ahlanze izikhumba (ungalahli i-zest!) Namafilimu amhlophe asezingeni. Inyama esikiwe ibe yizingcezu, kanye nemicu emincane ye-zest ehlanganisiwe, ifakwa emanzini alungiselelwe bese ifakwa ukushisa okuphansi.
Pheka ujamu kusuka kumizuzu engama-50 ukuya kwhora elilodwa nesigamu, kuze kube yilapho i-tangerine zest iba namandla futhi ithambile. Lokhu kungabhekwa ngecala lommese.
UTangerine ujamu
Ngemuva kwalokho, i-jam engenalutho kufanele ivunyelwe ukupholisa futhi ithulule enkomishini ye-blender, lapho ingumhlabathi kahle. Thela inhlanganisela eqediwe ubuyisele esitsheni lapho ibilungiselelwe khona, ugcwalise ngesiphu sikashukela bese ubilisa. UJam ulungele ukuwafaka ubusika, futhi akhonze ngokushesha. Njengoba ama-mandarin empeleni engenawo ushukela, abhekwa njengesobho elibalulekile kulabo abanenkinga yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2.
Kusuka ku-sitrobheli
Ukwenza i-jamu sitrobheli, udinga ukuthatha:
- 2 kg ama-sitrobheli, ujusi wengxenye kalamula;
- I-200 g ye-apula entsha;
- I-8-10 g yesikhundla semvelo se-gelatin - i-agar-agar.
Hlambulula ama-sitrobheli ngokucophelela futhi ususe imfumba, uqaphele ukuthi ungalimazi isikhumba esibuthakathaka samajikijolo.
Ngemuva kwalokho faka epanini, engeza ujusi kalamula kanye ne-apula entsha lapho. Pheka ujamu wesigamu sehora phezu kokushisa okuphansi, uvusa njalo futhi ususe amagwebu ngezikhathi ezithile, wona uqobo ongaba yinkambiso enhle kakhulu.
Cishe imizuzu emi-5 ngaphambi kokuphela kokupheka, kufanele ufake i-agar-agar encibilikisiwe emanzini abandayo futhi ihlanganiswe kahle. Ungangezela ukunambitheka okubucayi kwamajikijolo nge-kashizi kalamula oqoshiwe noma izimpande ze-ginger ezisikiwe.
Abanye abantu bancamela ama-sitrobheli ahlanganisiwe, amajikijolo noma ama-raspberry. Zonke lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zamajikijolo zigcwalisa ngokuphelele izimfanelo zomunye nomunye futhi zizoba ukutholwa okuhle kulabo abangakaze bazame lokhu kuhlanganiswa ngaphambili. Ijamu iphinde ilethwe ngamathumba icishiwe. Uma isitoreji sesikhathi eside siyadingeka, ujamu ugoqwa izimbiza ezilungiselelwe. Lesi sidlo asidingi ukungezwa kashukela noma ama-analogues, ngakho ukunambitheka kwawo kuzohlala kungokwemvelo futhi kungokwemvelo futhi kungenzeka kube khona etafuleni lesidlo soshukela sabanesifo sikashukela unyaka wonke.
I-Diamic plum jam ene-sorbitol
Iwusizo kwabanesifo sikashukela kanye ne-plum jam kwisiraphu, iresiphi nayo elula kakhulu:
- Ukudonsa okungama-4 kg;
- 200 g wamanzi;
- 1 kg ye-sorbitol noma i-750 g ye-xylitol.
Amanzi abilisiwe esitsheni se-aluminium noma epanini, lapho kubekwa khona amaplamu angenazithombo. Pheka ujamu phezu kokushisa okuphansi ihora, uvuselele njalo.
Ngemuva kwehora, kufakwa esikhundleni sikashukela (i-sorbitol noma i-xylitol) engxenyeni yejamu futhi konke kulethwa esimweni sephalishi elikhudlwana phezu kokushisa okuphansi. Abanye abantu bathanda ukufaka isinamoni noma i-vanilla ku-jam.
Ungahlola futhi ungeze ama-apula ambalwa, uthathe ama-cubes amancane. Ukunambitheka okulula kwe-apula kuzonikeza i-jam i-charm ekhethekile. Kwifomu elishisayo ujamu ovela kuma-plums ugcwele.
Ama-cranberry wamaqembu ebusika etiyeni
Ukwenza ijamu le-cranberry ngaphandle koshukela, udinga ukuthatha ama-2,5 kg amajikijolo, uwahlele ngokucophelela, uwashe bese uphonsa i-colander.
Ngemuva kokuba amajikijolo esomile namanzi, kufanele ukuthi ama-cranberry afakwe embizeni oyinyumba futhi ambozwe.
Beka imbiza ebhakedeni elikhulu elinesitaki esenziwe ngensimbi phansi noma ubeke izingqimba eziningana ngendwangu, uthele ibhakede liwugqibe ngamanzi bese ulibeka ukushisa kancane.
Pheka ihora, bese uvala imbiza ngesivalo esikhethekile usebenzisa ukhiye. Le jamu ingadliwa ngokwehlukana, noma ungapheka ujeli noma i-compote kususelwa kuyo.
Kusuka ezingomeni ezivamile
Ukwenza ijamu le-nightshade, udinga ukuthatha:
- 500 g nightshade;
- I-230 g ye-fructose;
- 1 isipuni se-ginger izimpande.
Ujinja unqunywe kusengaphambili. AmaNightshade kumele ahlelwe kabusha, ahlukanise amathuna amajikijolo kanye nama-punctures e-berry ngayinye ukuze angaqhekeki ngesikhathi senqubo yokupheka.
Ngemuva kwalokho, ubilise u-130 g wamanzi, engeza i-fructose kuyo, uthele engxenyeni bese ubilisa imizuzu eyi-10-12, uhlangana kahle. Vumela ukuma amahora angu-10. Ngemuva kwalokho, gcoba umlilo futhi, engeza i-ginger bese ubilise eminye imizuzu engama-35-40.
Le jamu ingasetjenziswa njengesitsha esehlukile netiye, kanye nokugcwalisa ophaya namakhukhi kwabanesifo sikashukela sanoma yiluphi uhlobo. Inomphumela wokubulala amagciwane, ulwa nokuvuvukala, umphumela we-antiseptic kanye ne-heestatic. Ijamu Ready ingagcinwa ezitsheni ezilungiselelwe egumbini elingaphansi noma esiqandisini.
Ividiyo elusizo
Ezinye izindlela zokupheka ezinoshukela ezingenawo ushukela:
Ngingathanda ukukhumbula izici zokudla kwabanesifo sikashukela. Inani leziguli liyakhula unyaka nonyaka, futhi akukho panacea yalesi sifo esitholakele. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi ukubekezelela nokubekezela kuyamangaza. Isifo sikashukela sidinga ukufaka inyama eningi yazo zonke izinhlobo kumenyu yazo. Ushizi wasekhishini, ubisi lwe-skim, iyogathi neminye imikhiqizo yobisi ebilisiwe kuzosiza kakhulu. Ikholifulawa kanye neklabishi emhlophe, ujusi we-sauerkraut kufanele usetshenziswe kaningi. I-anyanisi eluhlaza engafakwa endaweni efanele, ugalikhi, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi nesipinashi. Ukudla okunempilo kuhlala kuyisihluthulelo sempilo yomzimba wonke.
