Imiphumela emibi ephambili ye-glucocorticoids

I-Glucocorticoids iyisigaba sama-hormone abandakanyeka kakhulu ezinqubweni zesimo somzimba womuntu.

Le nto inomthelela ohlukile emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezimo ezicindezelayo, ukushaqeka, ngemuva kokuthola imihuzuko ehlukahlukene, kanye nalapho kungenzeka ukuthi kulahlekelwe yigazi.

Izici ezisekelayo ze-glucocorticoids zisetshenziswa kabanzi kwezokwelapha zesimanje. Kanye nalokhu, ama-glucocorticoids aba nemiphumela emibi, kwesinye isikhathi ebaluleke kakhulu futhi okuholela ekuphazamisweni okukhulu ekusebenzeni komzimba.

Ukuqonda inqubo yokuvela kwemiphumela emibi, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele ubuchule be-algorithm bomphumela wezidakamizwa obususelwa kuleli hormone emzimbeni womuntu.

Indlela yokusebenza

Njengamanje, osokhemisi bakhiqiza izidakamizwa ezihlukile ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili, into esemqoka kakhulu esebenza ngama-hormone - glucocorticoids. Zonke zithinta umzimba ezingeni lamaselula.

I-hormone ingena ngokukhululekile esitokisini ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi lweseli futhi ixhumane nama-receptors ohlobo oluthile.

Ama-glucocorticoids amaningi aholela ekukhiqizeni uhlobo olukhethekile lwamaprotheni athinta izingxenye ezithile ze-DNA yomuntu. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo zofuzo ezithinta impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba nokukhula kokuvuvukala ziyasebenza.

Ukwenza kusebenze izinhlobo zofuzo kuholela ekujezisweni kwalaba bavikeli bemvelo bomzimba, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuncipha kwezinqubo zokuvuvukala kanye nokuvinjwa okuthile kokungazethezeki komuntu, okwenzeka ngenxa yokwehla komkhiqizo wama-antibodies namaseli amhlophe egazi. Futhi ngokweqile kwe-glucocorticoids esegazini, ukuvela kwe-ACTH kuvinjelwe.

Ngasikhathi sinye, imithamo emincane ye-glucocorticoid ekhiqizwa umzimba noma ilethwe ngaphandle inomphumela we-immunostimulating.

Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthokozela kwama-macrophage - amaseli womzimba akhethekile angabamba futhi ancibilishe izinhlayiya ezingaphandle komzimba, kufaka phakathi amagciwane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwama-catecholamines, umfutho wegazi uyenyuka. Ngasikhathi sinye, izikebhe zincanyana, izindonga zazo ziba ngaphansi zivunyelwe, futhi ukuqina kwesibindi kusebenze. Le nhlanganisela ibanga imiphumela yokulwa nokwethuka kanye nemithi yokulwa nobuthi emzimbeni.

Lawa ma-hormone athinta inqubo yokuhlukanisa amafutha, futhi umphumela onjalo wenzeka ngokukhetha. Ngakho-ke, i-lipolysis ithuthukiswa kwizicubu zezandla, okuvumela izicubu zezingalo nemilenze yomuntu ukuthola amandla ongezekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwehla kwamafutha kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba kuvinjelwe.

Ukuxhumana namanye ama-hormone

Ama-Glucocorticoids athonya amandla womzimba wonke ukusebenzisana namanye ama-hormone nokukhiqizwa komzimba kwala ma-hormone.

Ngakho-ke, banciphisa amandla wesibindi ukukhiqiza i-somatomedin, ngenkathi banciphisa amandla ezicubu ukumunca leli protein.

I-Glucocorticoids inciphisa ukusebenza kwe-yegilo yegilo, futhi iphinde yenze umzimba ungatheleleki kuma-hormone ocansi.

Leli qembu lama-steroid libuye libe nomphumela wokulwa nokufakelwa. Ngaphandle kokuvimbela ngqo ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, ama-glucocorticoids anciphisa kakhulu ukuvezwa kwamaseli kule hormone. Le mpahla ivumela umzimba ukuthi ulondoloze i-homeostasis ngomsebenzi owedlulele we-insulin gland ezimweni zokuntuleka kweglucose yegazi.

Kungumphumela oyinkimbinkimbi futhi ohlukahlukene ukuthi imiphumela emibi eyenzeka lapho uthatha izidakamizwa ze-glucocorticoid zihlobene.

Umphumela wecala

Imiphumela emibi ye-glucocorticoids ihlukaniswe i-systemic neyasekhaya. Uhlu lwemiphumela emibi yendawo ilinganiselwe impela futhi lwenzeka uma kwenzeka kufikelwa umoya wamalungiselelo aqukethe le hormone noma ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-intranasal.

Umphumela wecala we-glucocorticoids we-intranasal uvezwa ku:

• ukubonakala kokumiswa kwezinzwa;
• ukuthimula
• ukungahambi kahle ku-nasopharynx;
• ukulimala kwe-seophum ye-nasopharyngeal.

Njengomphumela wokuthatha i-inhalations yesidakamizwa, ukukhwehlela, i-dysphonia, kanye ne-thrush ye-cavity yomlomo kungenzeka. Uhlu lwemiphumela emibi ehlelekile lubanzi kakhulu futhi ihlukaniswe ngokuya ngokuthi yiluphi uhlelo lomzimba oluhlupheka ngenxa yokuthatha le mishanguzo ye-steroid.

Umuthi ucindezela ukusebenza kwe-adrenal. Ingozi yokuthi iqiniso lokuthi ukusebenza kwalo gland kubuyiselwe kancane - izindlala ze-adrenal zingaba sesimweni sokudangala izinyanga eziningi ngemuva kokuqedwa kwezidakamizwa ze-steroid. Ukuhoxiswa kwe-glucocorticoids kuyingozi ngenxa yokushoda kwale-hormone ngenxa yokuthi umuntu ungena esimweni esicindezelayo noma ngemuva kokulimala, okungaholela engcupheni yempilo yeziguli.

Izindlala ze-Adrenal

Empilweni yansuku zonke, ukucindezelwa kwe-adrenal, okwandisa ukuhoxiswa kwe-glucocorticoids, kubangela ukubekezela, ukuntula isifiso sokudla, ukwehla kwesisindo, ngisho nomkhuhlane. Kepha ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke ibangelwa ukuvela kwe-hypotension ngaphansi kwethonya lesizinda se-hormonal esishintshiwe, okunzima ukwelapha ngemithi ejwayelekile ye-hypertensive.

Ukuphuza izidakamizwa ezenzelwe i-glucocorticoid nakho kubangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-pancreatic, ngakho-ke inkambo ende yokwelashwa ingaholela kwisifo esiyingozi se-endocrine - isifo sikashukela.Omunye umthelela omubi wendlela yokusebenzisa imithamo ebalulekile yemithi esekwe ku-glucocorticoid ukwehla komzimba.

Umzimba womuntu othatha imithamo ebalulekile yama-steroid umelana kabi nezifo, ikakhulukazi izifo ezingamagciwane.. Kukutheleleka okuvame ukubangela ukufa kweziguli ezinjalo.

Njengomphumela wokucindezelwa kokungatheleleki komzimba, ukutheleleka kwasendaweni kungaphenduka kuhlelo oluhlelekile, bese kuthi kuvalwe i-microflora ye-pathogenic ye-pathogenic. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi nge-tubercle bacillus kanye nezinye izidalwa ezingamagciwane ezingakhona ngesimo esingasebenzi emzimbeni womuntu iminyaka eminingi noma amashumi eminyaka.

Uma isiguli sibonakaliswa umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kungaholela kumfutho wegazi ophakeme ngenxa yokuncipha okuhleliwe kwemithambo yegazi. Isifo esinjalo sithuthuka ngokushesha futhi kunzima ukwelapha ngemithi ejwayelekile ye-antihypertensive.

Izicholo zegazi

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-glucocorticoids kungadala ukukhuphuka kwegazi. Okuyingozi kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwe-vein thrombosis ejulile nokuqhuma okukhulu kwemithambo yegazi.

Ukuthatha ama-steroid, ikakhulukazi kwimithamo emikhulu, kuthinta kabi isimo sepheshana lesisu. Izinto ezisebenzayo zemithi zingadala i-pancreatitis kanye nokopha kwendlela yokugaya. Uma unganaki ngenxa yezimpawu ezinjalo, izilonda zamathumbu kanye nesisu zingakhula. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthuthukiswa kokuwohloka kwamafutha kwamaseli wesibindi.

Ngaphansi kwethonya lama-glucocorticoids ngokweqile, ukwehla kwesibalo nobunzima besithambo somuntu nakho kwenzeka. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwama-ion e-calcium kusuka izicubu zamathambo futhi kuholela emiphumeleni emibi. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezinjena kuholela ekubonakaleni kokuqhekeka kwengqubu yamathambo ahlukahlukene. Ikakhulu kaningi, imiphumela emibi enjalo yenzeka ngemuva kwesizinda sokuyeka ukuya esikhathini kanye nokungondleki.

Izitho zombono nazo zingathola ukulimala kwangempela kusuka kuma-glucocorticoids - kunengozi yokwehlisa ama-acuity ezibonakalayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-glaucoma kanye nokubanga kwamehlo.

Imvamisa kuba nengcindezi ye-intraocular ekhuphukayo, okubangela ukungaboni kahle emzimbeni kanye nekhanda.

Ama-steroid amaningi alolu hlobo ajabulisa uhlelo lwezinzwa. Lokhu kuvezwe ngokuvela kokuqwasha, ukudangala, i-psychosis. Imvamisa kuba nokuphazamiseka kokulala, ukungasebenzi kahle, ukungasebenzi kahle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungahle kube khona okungajwayelekile emjikelezweni wokuya esikhathini kanye nokusebenza kocansi, ukugcinwa kwe-fluid kanye ne-edema, nokuthola ngokushesha isisindo somzimba ngokweqile, kufaka phakathi ukukhuluphala. Ezinganeni nasentsheni, izidakamizwa zingadala ukukhula okumangalisayo nokukhula, kumise inqubo yokuthomba, kanye nokulimala kwemisipha. Ezinye izimpawu eziphawula imiphumela emibi yama-glucocorticoids nazo zingavela.

Umphumela ovumelayo we-glucocorticoids ukwanda kwenani lama-receptors nokuzwela kwawo ezintweni ezisebenza ngokomzimba.

Ukweqisa

Kodwa-ke, ukuphathwa ngengozi komthamo we-Ultrahigh kungadala imiphumela emibi esigulini. Imiphumela evame kakhulu ye-overdose ehambisana nokugcinwa kwamanzi emzimbeni kanye nokwephulwa kwe-sodium - potassium balance.

Ngokuphikisana nesizinda se-overdose, i-Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome iba, i-edema, ukulethwa kwe-potassium, ne-hypertension. Kwesinye isikhathi kukhona ukusabela okungathandeki kohlelo oluphambili lwezinzwa, okuvezwe ekwakhiweni kwe-psychosis, i-paruspt arousal, ukubanjwa kwesihlungu sokuwa.

Kuyaqabukela, i-overdose ye-glucocorticoids ihambisana nobuhlungu esiswini - i-colic, ukushisa kwenhliziyo. Lezi zimo zihambisana nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kwesinye isikhathi - ukuhlanza. Uma kwenzeka kweqa ngokweqile, kukhonjiswa ukuqedwa kwesikhashana kwesidakamizwa, kanye nomphumela wezidakamizwa owamisa izimpawu ezingemnandi. Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondiwe kwe-overdose okwenziwayo.

Imiphumela emincane engaphansi

Ngokungafani ne-overdose, imiphumela emibi ye-glucocorticoids idinga ukunakwa okusondele kakhulu kochwepheshe.

Izenzo ezenziwa ngesikhathi nangempela ezihlose ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi zingathuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo futhi zilondoloze impilo yesiguli.

Imvamisa, kwenziwa irejimeni elithambile nomthamo wemithi. Ukubuthakathaka kwamasosha omzimba kuphathwa ngokwelashwa kokulondolozwa, ubungozi besifo buncishiswa ukugoma kanye nokwelashwa okudingekayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo we-calcium, ama-vitamin complexes, no-Vitamin D ngokwehlukana, i-thiazal diuretics iyakhonjiswa. Kwezinye izimo, ukuphathwa kwe-insulin nama-diphosphonates kuyasetshenziswa.

Amavidiyo ahlobene

Ukubaluleka kwama-glucocorticosteroids (glucocorticoids) kwezokwelapha zesimanje:

Ngokuvamile, imiphumela emibi ye-glucocorticoids iyinto evamile nenobungozi. Ngakho-ke, umthamo ofanele, irejimeni ekhethwe kahle kanye nokwelashwa kwemiphumela emibi kuyizinyathelo eziphoqelekile ekwelashweni kwaleli qembu lezidakamizwa. Kuyinto efiselekayo kakhulu ukulandela indlela yokudla, inqubo yansuku zonke kanye nokuba khona kwenqanaba elifanele lomsebenzi womzimba.