Inkinga yokuhlanganiswa kwezifo ezifana nesifo sofuba kanye nesifo sikashukela kubaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni we-TB.
Iqiniso ngukuthi iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zithola isifo sofuba izikhathi eziphindwe kayishumi kunokungabi nomlando kulokhu kutholakala kwezifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zombili lezi zifo ziba zimbi kakhulu kwesinye isikhathi futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuzelapha, okuthi kwezinye izimo kuholele ekufeni kwesiguli.
Isifo sofuba kanye nesifo sikashukela: incazelo yalesi sifo
Isifo sofuba ukutheleleka okubangelwa i-mycobacteria, okuyigama esivame ngalo okuyi-Koch's bacillus.
Amagciwane ngokuvamile athela amaphaphu, kepha angasakazeka kwezinye izinhlelo nezitho zomzimba. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngamaconsi asemoyeni futhi, imvamisa, yi-asymptomatic (ifomu elivulekile likhona emacaleni angu-1 kwangu-10).
Wand kaKoch
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yisifo esivame ukungelapheki. Lesi sifo sikhula kubantu ngenxa yokungapheleli kwengxenye noma ngokuphelele kwe-insulin ye-pancreatic, umsebenzi waso ukuhlinzeka ngomzimba ngoshukela.
Ngokuntuleka kwe-insulin, i-hyperglycemia ibonwa, ngamanye amagama, izinga likashukela wegazi liyenyuka, okuyingozi kakhulu kuzo zonke izitho nezinhlelo zomzimba womuntu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezifo - 1 no-2, ezahlukahlukene ngezinga lobungozi lempilo kanye nezizathu zokuvela kwazo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela nesifo sofuba kwenzeka ezigulini ezinokulandelana okuhlukile. Ngokuya kwalokhu, amaqembu amathathu esenzeko angahlukaniswa:
- izifo zitholakala ngasikhathi sinye noma umehluko wezinyanga ezi-1-2;
- ngokuya ngemuva kwanoma isiphi isifo sikashukela esigulisayo, isifo sofuba sitholakala;
- iziguli zesifo sofuba zithola isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 noma uhlobo 2, kubandakanya nesifo sikashukela asymptomatic kanye nokuphendula kahle kweglucose.
Lesi sifo esiqale kuqala sanda kakhulu ngokutholwa kokuxilongwa okungeziwe futhi sinzima kakhulu kumuntu. Ngakho-ke, isifo sofuba esivele sikhona ngemuva kokuqala kwesifo sikashukela saziwa ngokulimala okukhulu kwamaphaphu kanye nenkambo eqhubekayo eqhubekayo.
Izinhlobo ezinqabile zesifo sokufakelwa esiswini kanye nezindawo ezinkulu zokufakwa kwesifo. Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus, isiguli esinaso ngaphambi kwesifo sofuba, sivezwa yizimo ezivamisayo zokuphefumula kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela.
Izimpawu nezici zenkambo
Isifo sofuba esenzeka ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus imvamisa kakhulu, ngakho-ke, noma yikuphi ukubonakaliswa kwako kuthathwa njengezimpawu zesifo sikashukela esibolile.
Izimpawu zesifo sofuba kushukela zingaba:
- ukwehla kwesifiso sokudla;
- ubuthakathaka obukhulayo;
- ukunciphisa umzimba;
- ukuchama njalo;
- ukoma, umlomo owomile;
- ukwanda kwezinye izimpawu zesifo sikashukela.
Isifo sofuba esisebenzayo sivusa ukwephulwa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, sandisa izinga lokulahleka kwe-insulin.
Uhlobo lomtholampilo olujwayelekile lwesifo esihlanganisiwe luyandisa kakhulu ingozi yezinkinga zesifo sikashukela, imvamisa kuba khona i-arteritis yesifo sikashukela (ukulimala kwemithambo yemikhawulo engezansi), i-retinopathy, i-osteoarthropathy nephthopathy. Ngesifo sikashukela esinzima, i-hepatomegaly iyaphawulwa, okwenza impilo ibe nzima kakhulu ngemithi elwa nama-anti-TB.
Ukushoda kwezimpawu kwenza kube nzima ukubona inkinga. Kulokhu, isifo sofuba kwesinye isikhathi sitholakala kuphela lapho kukhona induna ebabayo nezimpawu ezisobala zokuphuza i-tuberc, kanye nangesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwe-fluorographic kanye ne-radiological.
Inkambo yesifo ibonakala ngokujwayezwa okude kokusebenza kwe-metabolism, ukuphulukiswa okuhamba kancane kwemithambo ethintekile, isikhathi eside sokuboniswa kokudakwa kwe-tuberculous.
Imbangela yokudlondlobala kwalesi sifo ukutholwa kwaso kungafanele futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwelashwa okwaqalwa sekwephuzile.
Ukuvela nokubonakaliswa okunamandla kwesifo sofuba kushukela kunciphisa ukwehla kokungazinzi komzimba, ukungalingani kwe-enzyme nokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic.
Ukuxilonga
Ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi kwesifo sofuba kuncike imvamisa yokuhlolwa kwe-fluorographic kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela emlandweni. Iziguli ezinje kufanele zihlolwe minyaka yonke. Uma enezilonda ezigxile noma ezihlanzekile zamaphaphu, ukuhlolwa kuyenezelwa ngokuhlolwa kwamaphaphu i-X-ray.
Izindlela zanamuhla zokuxilonga zifaka:
- ukuxilongwa kwe-bacteriological, kufaka phakathi i-microscopy ye-sputum namasiko ayo;
- ukutadisha kwe-bronchoalveolar aspadors, evumela ukuthola i-mycobacteria.
Uma lezi zindlela zinganele, kwenziwa izifundo ezijulile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholwa kwe-diagnostic bronchoscopy, cytology kanye ne-histology.
Ku-40% yeziguli ezisanda kugula, ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-X-ray nokubhekwa kwesikhathi eside kwenkambo yesifo enkambisweni yokwelashwa. Izifundo ze-bacteriological, cytological kanye ne-histological kulezi zimo azisebenzi.
Indlela ethembisa kakhulu yokuthola isifo sofuba kwisifo sikashukela ukucwaninga kokugoma okukuvumela ukuthi uthole ama-antibodies athile egciwane lengculazi noma ama-antigen egazini.
Izindlela ezifanayo (kufaka phakathi ukusebenzisa i-enzayosorbent assay) zithuthukiswa ngenkuthalo njengamanje.
Isidingo sokuqhamuka nezindlela zokuxilonga ezithuthukisiwe kungenxa yokufana kokuboniswa kwesifo sofuba nezinye izifo zamaphaphu.
Izindlela zokwelapha
Ukuba khona kwenkimbinkimbi eyinkimbinkimbi ye-pathologies kudinga ukwelashwa okuxubile kusuka kudokotela kanye nenhlanganisela efanele yezindlela zokwelapha.
Esikhathini sikashukela esinzima noma usayizi olinganiselayo, okokuqala kudingekile ukwenza ngokwejwayelekile i-metabolism (amavithamini, ama-lipids, amaprotheni).
Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha izidakamizwa ezilwa nesifo sikashukela, umthamo ophelele we-insulin bese ulandela indlela yokudla ngokomzimba. Ukwelashwa nge-antidiabetesic kufanele kunqunywe ngokuhlanganiswa, kuye ngesimo somzimba ngamunye, ubukhulu besifo sikashukela, amafomu nezigaba zesifo sofuba.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, i-anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy yenziwa. Iziguli ziyadingeka ukuthi zenze isigaba sokuqala sokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali esibhedlela, ngoba zivame kakhulu ukuba nemiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa. Ukwelashwa okwenziwe nge-antibacterial kufanele kube kukade futhi kuqhubeke (kusuka onyakeni owodwa noma ngaphezulu), izidakamizwa zihlanganiswa ngokufanele futhi zikhethelwe isiguli ngasinye.Ngaphezu kwe-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa kuhlanganiswa nemithi yemiphumela ye-pathogenetic - immunostimulants kanye ne-antioxidants.
Isifo sikashukela esinobumnene nesilinganiselwe sivumela odokotela ukuthi basebenzise ama-corticosteroids. Kodwa-ke, ngasikhathi sinye, ushukela wegazi kufanele ubhekwe ngokwenyuka okufika ngesikhathi komthamo wemithi yokulwa nama-antidiabetic ngamanani ayo andayo.
Uma inqubo yesifo sofuba iqala ukubuyela emuva kancane, khona-ke izivuselelio ezingezona izidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene zingasetshenziselwa ukwengeza i-anti-tuberculosis therapy. Ukwelashwa okunjalo kufaka i-ultrasound, i-induction kanye ne-laser therapy. Benza ukujikeleza kwegazi nokujikeleza kwe-lymph emaphashini, kusize ukungena kwezidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy futhi kusebenze ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu.
Ukuvimbela
Ukwehla kwezinga lesifo sofuba ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela kungenxa yempumelelo ekwelashweni kwesifo sikashukela kanye nesethi yezindlela zokulwa nokulwa nesifo sofuba.
Ukuvimbela isifo sofuba kushukela kususelwa ku-chemoprophylaxis. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwelashwa okusebenzayo kokuvimbela kudala imiphumela emibi ezigulini, ekhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwayo. I-Chemoprophylaxis inqunyelwe iqembu labantu abasengozini enkulu yokutheleleka.
Iqembu lengcuphe lifaka:
- iziguli ezinokushintshwa okwandile kokuvela emuva kwesifo sofuba ezithweni zokuphefumula;
- iziguli ezinokusabela okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-tuberculin;
- iziguli ezenziwa ukuhlinzwa;
- iziguli ngemuva kokuqaqanjelwa yisifo sikashukela;
- iziguli ezimweni ezicindezelayo.
Iphesenti elandayo lesibalo sofuba ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela libangela ukunakwa okukhethekile ekuvinjelweni kwalo.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Yiziphi izizathu zokuhlanganiswa kwesifo sikashukela nesifo sofuba, yiziphi izimpawu ezingabonakala inkinga, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okuzoba okunengqondo kunakho konke? Izimpendulo kuvidiyo:
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, bekungeke kwenzeke ukuthi uphilele iziguli ezixilongwa kabili, iningi lalezi ziguli lashona. Manje ngokwelashwa kwesimanje nezindlela zakamuva zokuhlola, odokotela bandisa impilo yezinkulungwane zabantu. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi noma yikuphi ukwelashwa, noma kusetshenziswa isizukulwane sakamuva sezidakamizwa, kufanele kwenziwe ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu, abanolwazi abanendlela yomuntu ngamunye esigulini ngasinye.