I-Gestationalabetes mellitus (GDM) iwuhlobo lwalesi sifo olukhula kubantu besifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Iningi labesifazane besenkingeni yokubeletha lizophela kungekudala, kepha ukuze kungaholeli ezinkingeni, udinga ukulandela indlela ethile yokudla. Imvamisa, isiguli sifunda ngezinga elikhulayo le-glucose egazini ngesikhathi sesibili sokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose. Lokhu kucubungula kufanelekile kubo bonke abesifazane abalindele umntwana, ikakhulukazi labo abanomlando wesifo sikashukela. Ushukela omkhulu wegazi, othathwe nje esiswini esingenalutho, awuhlali unqunywa, futhi ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela ushukela kungasiza ekuboneni i-GDM.
Iyini ingozi yokudla okungalawulwa?
Isifo sikashukela sokutholwa komzimba singathinta kabi ukukhulelwa nokubeletha. Uma isiguli sidla ngaphandle kwemikhawulo, lesi sifo "singaphuka" bese siholele emiphumeleni enjalo:
- ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwe-placenta;
- ukuphazamiseka kokujikeleza phakathi kukamama nengane;
- ukuqina kwegazi lowesifazane okhulelwe nokwakheka kwamagciwane kuwo, okungaqhamuka futhi kubangele i-thrombosis (ukuqhuma kwemithambo yegazi);
- ukwanda okukhulu kwesisindo somzimba we-fetus, esisongela ngezinkinga ekuzalweni kwengane;
- ukubambezeleka kokukhula kwengane engakazalwa.
Izimiso zokudla
Imenyu yansuku zonke yesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kufanele ihlukaniswe zibe yizi-6 zokudla. Umgomo wokudla okwondlekile uvimbela izikhala ezisheshayo kushukela wegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngalolu hlobo lokudla, umfazi okhulelwe akazizwa elambile, okunzima ukubekezelela kulesi simo. Ukuthathwa kwekhalori okuphelele akufanele kudlule ku-2000-2500 kcal ngosuku. Akudingekile ukukubukela phansi, ngoba umzimba wowesifazane okhulelwe usebenza ngaphansi komthwalo owengeziwe, futhi udinga ukuthola ukudla okwanele ngezindleko zamandla.
Udokotela kuphela ongabala inani elifanele lamandla wokudla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ubheka izici zomzimba, inkomba yomzimba nezinye izici zomuntu wesifazane. Ukudla kufanele kuvikele ukuzuza kwesisindo futhi ngasikhathi sinye kungapheleli umzimba. Iqoqo lesisindo esingaphezu kwe-1 kg yesisindo somzimba ngenyanga kwi-trimester yokuqala, futhi ngaphezu kwe-2 kg ngenyanga kuma-trimesters wesibili nawesithathu kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile. Isisindo esengeziwe sakha umthwalo emzimbeni wonke futhi sandisa ubungozi be-edema, ukukhuphuka kwengcindezi nezinkinga ezivela eluswini.
Ukudla kwesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kususelwa kule migomo elandelayo:
- kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa ukudla okulula kanye nokudla okusheshayo;
- lapho ukhetha ama-carbohydrate, preference kufanele inikezwe izinketho zabo "ezihamba kancane", ezisetshenziswa isikhathi eside futhi aziholeli ekushintsheni okucindezelayo kushukela wegazi (zitholakala ezinhlamvu, imifino);
- Imizuzu engama-60 ngemuva kokudla ngakunye udinga ukukala okufundwayo kwemitha bese ukurekhoda kudayari ekhethekile;
- Isisekelo sokudla kufanele kube imifino nezithelo ezintsha enenkomba ye-glycemic ephansi.
Eqinisweni, ukudla kwabesifazane abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kungukudla 9. Kuyasiza ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi ngokudla okunempilo. Abesifazane abakhulelwe akufanele bathathe noma imaphi amaphilisi ukunciphisa ushukela wegazi. Ukulungiswa kwesimo kungenziwa kuphela ngenxa yemikhawulo yokudla.
Izinzwa zokunambitha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ziyahambelana, ngoba zingathinta kabi ukukhula kwesibeletho.
Imikhiqizo evunyelwe
Yini engadliwa ngumama okhulelwe, owatholakala enesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa? Uhlu lokudla nezitsha lubanzi impela, futhi ngokuhlela ngokucophelela ukudla kwezinsuku eziningana kusengaphambili, izondlamzimba zingahluka futhi zinambitheke. Ukuze izitho zokugaya zisebenze ngokuvumelanayo, okuqukethwe okuphelele kwekhalori ekudleni kwansuku zonke kungahlukaniswa ngokulandelayo:
Isifo sikashukela kwabesifazane abakhulelwe- ibhulakufesi - 25%;
- ibhulakufesi lesibili - 5%;
- isidlo sasemini - 35%;
- itiye lasemini - 10%;
- isidlo sakusihlwa - 20%;
- isidlo sakusihlwa - 5%.
Ukusuka ku-assortment yenyama ungadla unogwaja, iturkey, inkukhu kanye ne-low-fat veal. Ungadluli isikhathi esingaphezu kwe-1 ngeviki ngokudla okwelaphayo, ungadla ingulube, kepha kuphela izingxenye zayo ezingenawo amandla. Isobho liphekwe kahle kunkukhu noma umhluzi wemifino (lapho upheka inkukhu, kuyelulekwa ukushintsha amanzi kabili). Imikhiqizo yobisi engenawo fat eningi ivunyelwe, kepha kungcono ukwenqaba ubisi luphelele. Lo mkhiqizo usinda kakhulu ukugaya futhi kubantu besifazane abakhulelwe ngenxa yokuthi izinkinga zokugaya ukudla zingaqala.
Ngamanani alinganiselayo, ungadla lokhu kudla okulandelayo:
- imifino yenkomba ephansi nephakathi kweglycemic;
- okusanhlamvu;
- amaqanda
- amantongomane nembewu;
- inhlanzi nokudla kwasolwandle;
- ushizi ongaqinile ongahlanganisiwe onokuqukethwe kwamafutha angama-20-45%;
- amakhowe.
Ukudla okwelaphayo kwe-GDM akusho ukuthi ukubulawa yindlala. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kuyingozi kakhulu ukudalula umzimba ekucindezelekeni okunjalo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukucabanga ngokudla kusengaphambili futhi njalo ube nokudla okulula unakho uma kungenzeka. Njengoba ehlelele imenyu kusengaphambili kosuku, owesifazane angagwema ukuhlaselwa yindlala enkulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo azivikele ekwandeni kwalesi sifo.
Esikhundleni samajusi, kungcono ukudla izithelo zonke. Zinama-fiber nezakhi zomzimba eziningi kuneziphuzo zemvelo ezingenawo ushukela ngokuphelele ezenziwe ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingavuthiwe.
Uma owesifazane okhulelwe eba nendlala enkulu phakathi kwezikhathi zokudla, khona-ke ingilazi ye-kefir enamafutha aphansi ingaba isidlo sakhe esihle kakhulu
Imikhiqizo Evinjelwe
Njengoba unesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ukudla okulandelayo nezitsha akufanele kususwe ekudleni:
- amaswidi;
- isinkwa esimhlophe esivela kufulawa we-premium;
- inyama ebhemayo, usawoti nokudla okunezipayisi;
- amnandi nosu;
- imifino nezithelo ezinenkomba ye-glycemic ephezulu;
- izindle;
- izitolo zokupheka, ikhekhe nemayonesi.
Ngenxa yokuthi kunokulinganiselwa okuthile ekudleni kowesifazane okhulelwe, ngeke ikwazi ukunikeza umzimba ngokugcwele amavithamini kanye namaminerali. Ukuvimbela ukuntuleka kwalezi zinto, udinga ukuthatha ama-vitamin complexes akhethekile abesifazane abasezikhundleni. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemithi enjalo, ngakho-ke kufanele zinqunywe kuphela ngokubheka i-obstetrician-gynecologist.
Nge-GDM, awukwazi ukudla ukudla okunamafutha futhi okuthosiwe, ngoba lokho kudla kuthinta amanyikwe futhi kuthinta kabi umsebenzi wazo zonke izitho zesistimu yokugaya ukudla. Isifo sokushaya kwenhliziyo, esivame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngisho nakwabesifazane abanempilo, abanesifo sikashukela singakhula ngenxa yamaphutha wokudla okunempilo. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukungadli ngokweqile omuncu, okunezipayisi nokunosawoti. Ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo, abesifazane abakhulelwe abaphakanyisiwe ukuthi bazibandakanye nesinkwa esinsundu (i-acidity yaso iphezulu).
Ukudla okunama-carbohydrate aphansi, athandwa abanye odokotela nabanesifo sikashukela, ngeke kukwazi ukunika umuntu wesifazane amandla anele nezakhi zomzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenqaba okubukhali kakhulu kwama-carbohydrate ahamba kancane, angahle aholele ekuxinekeni nasenjwayelweni engeyinhle. Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bagweme izimo ezinjalo. Ukudla okune-carb ephansi kunganconywa kwabesifazane abathile ngemuva kokubeletha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela esigcwele, kepha udokotela kuphela ongathatha isinqumo.
Izithelo zidliwa kangcono kakhulu ekuseni, ngoba ziqukethe inani eliphakeme lama-carbohydrate, futhi kuzoba lula ukuthi umzimba uzidonse.
Ukudla isidlo sasemini kufanele kube lula futhi kube noshizi we-cottage shizi, imifino, inhlanzi ebilisiwe noma ukudla kwasolwandle. Ushukela kanye nanoma imaphi amaswidi, ngeshwa, akwamukeleki ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa ngesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.
Imenyu eyisampula yosuku
Imenyu yabesifazane abakhulelwe abanempilo kufanele ifake ama-50-55% ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi futhi alula, kanti iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kufanele zinciphise leli nani loshukela. Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-carbohydrate kufanele enze ama-35-40% womthamo wokudla ogcwele, kuyilapho inani lamaprotheni kufanele lishiywe lifane kubantu abaphilile. Ukwehlisa ama-carbohydrate ekudleni kusiza ukuvikela ubungozi besibeletho esikhulu, isigaba se-cesarean kanye nezinkinga zabasebenzi.
Imenyu eyisampula yosuku ingahle ibukeke kanjena:
- ibhulakufesi - ushizi wekotishi onamafutha amancane, i-oatmeal emanzini, itiye ngaphandle koshukela;
- ibhulakufesi lesibili - i-apula elibhakiwe;
- isidlo sasemini - ibhodlela le-turkey ebilisiwe, isobho semifino, isanqante, utamatisi kanye nesaladi lamakhukhamba, isithelo esenziwe ngesihlenge, isithelo esomile esomile ngaphandle koshukela;
- itiye lasemini - amantongomane;
- isidlo sakusihlwa - okubhakiwe i-pike perch, imifino enosiwe, itiye ngaphandle koshukela;
- umthamo ngaphambi kokulala - ingilazi ye-kefir, ucezu lwesinkwa esiphelele sokusanhlamvu.
Kusihlwa, esikhundleni senyama, kungcono ukudla izinhlanzi, kulula kakhulu ukugaya futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi ugcwalise umzimba ngamakhompiyutha abalulekile ezakhiweni zomzimba. Ushukela awukwazi ukungezwa kunoma yiziphi iziphuzo. Kungcono ukuhlela ukudla ukuze isikhathi sokudla phakathi kokudla kokuqala nesokugcina singeqi amahora angama-10.
