Isifo sikashukela yisifo esidala ukuvimbela isizinda sokukhiqizwa okunganele kwe-vasopressin noma umuzwa wokulimala kwamangqamuzana ezinso esenzweni sawo. IVasopressin iyi-hormone ebhekele ukufakwa okubuyiselwa kwamanzi kwezibucubu ze-renal. Kuvunyelwe ngohlelo lwe-hypothalamic-pituitary. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi siyini i-insipidus yesifo sikashukela nokuthi yiziphi izibonakaliso zayo eziphambili kubantu abadala nasezinganeni, okuxoxwe ngazo esihlokweni.
Kancane ngezimbangela zesifo
Ngaphambi kokucabanga ngezimpawu eziphambili zesifo sikashukela, kufanele ujwayele izimbangela zokukhula kwayo. Ngokuya ngezici eziholele ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo, i-pathology ihlukaniswe ngezindlela eziningi.
- Uhlobo oluphakathi lwesifo sikashukela i-insipidus: ifa - lenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokushintsha kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nokulimala kokuzala esakhiweni sobuchopho; umlingisi ositholile - ukulimala kobuchopho obuhlukumezayo, isimila sobuchopho, ama-metastases wesimila sezinye izitho, i-neuroinfection, i-vascular pathologies.
- Uhlobo lwe-renal (nephrogenic) lwesifo sikashukela: ifa lokubeletha - ukuhlukumezeka ezingeni lofuzo; uhlamvu olutholwayo - ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, izifo ezihlelekile, ukwehluleka kwezinso, isifo sezinso se-polycystic, ukungahambi kahle komgudu wethamo lobuchwephesha.
- I-polydipsia eyisisekelo: uhlobo lwe-psychogenic - izimbangela zentuthuko ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo; Uhlobo lwe-dipsogenic - lwenzeka ngokuncipha komkhawulo wama-receptors omile abuthakathaka.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela i-insipidus kuqinisekiswa ngesisekelo sedatha yemitholampilo kanye nemiphumela yeelebhu. Ukungapheleli ngokuphelele kwe-hormone ye-antidiuretic ngokumelene nesizinda sohlobo oluphambili lwe-pathology kubonakaliswa ukwephulwa kokubuyiselwa kwamanzi okuphindayo ngenkathi kwakhiwa umchamo wesibili nokukhipha inani elibalulekile lawo emzimbeni. Umphumela ukuthuthukiswa kokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ukukhuphuka kokuxineka kwe-osmotic koketshezi lomzimba, kusebenze kwama-receptors okoma ku-hypothalamus.
Ukomisa kungenye yezimpawu zokuqhubeka kwesifo.
Kalula nje, umuntu ogulayo uhlala womile, kuyilapho ukuphuma komchamo kuhambisana. Inani lomchamo lingafinyelela kumalitha angama-18-20 ngosuku, kanti iziguli zivame ukuchaza hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi sasemini, kodwa nasebusuku. Olunye uphawu olubalulekile isikhumba esomile nolwelwesi lwe-mucous.
Iziguli zinezikhalazo ezingeziwe:
- ukwehla okukhulu kwesisindo somzimba;
- ukuncipha kokudla kanye nokusebenza;
- Ubuhlungu bemisipha
- ikhanda
- ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo (ukuqwasha, ukuvevezela, ukudonsa, ukuba nolaka).
Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sokoma kwe-pathological, iziguli zithanda ukuphuza amanzi amaningi ajwayelekile, amanzi amaminerali, iziphuzo zezithelo. Ukudla okunganele kokuphuza kungaholela ekuhlaselweni okukhokhisayo, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, isiyezi, ikhanda, ukwehla kwegazi, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi ngisho nokufa.
Uma isiguli singanikezwa uketshezi, umchamo usazokhiqizwa ngamanani amakhulu, okubangela ukukhula komzimba okubucayi. Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga okuphathelene nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kususelwa kwisibonakaliso esifanayo, esivumela ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela. Isiguli asivunyelwe ukuphuza amahora angama-4-18. Isikhathi sokufunda sinqunywa ngudokotela ohambayo ngokuya ngokuqina komzimba wesiguli.
Ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa ngesisekelo sokwehla kwesisindo somzimba wesiguli ngo-5% noma ngaphezulu ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa, ukuqhubeka kokuchama ngokweqile, ukuqina okuphansi okufanayo kanye nokuchama komchamo.
I-Endocrinologist - uchwepheshe ofanelekayo ekuphathweni kweziguli
Inani eliningi lomchamo libangela ukuba uhlelo lwe-excretory luhlupheke (i-pelvis, ureters, i-bladder). Ukwehlula kwenzeka ngendlela yokwanda kwe-pathological kanye nokwanda ngosayizi. Lesi simo senzeka ezigabeni zakamuva zesifo.
Ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo kwabesifazane
Isifo sikashukela kubantu besifazane, ngaphezu kwezimpawu ezingenhla, sikhonjiswa ngokungahambi kahle kokuya esikhathini:
- ukuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile;
- usizi;
- ukopha okuncane;
- ukuntuleka kwe-ovulation;
- ukuya esikhathini.
Abesifazane bakhala ngokungakwazi ukukhulelwa umntwana. Amacala wokukhipha isisu okuvela ku-pathological ayaziwa.
Izimpawu zesifo emadodeni
Isifo sikashukela kubantu besilisa, esenzeka ebudaleni, sihambisana nale nkinga elandelayo:
- ukushoda noma ukulahleka kwe-sex drive;
- ukwephula ukwakhiwa;
- ukukhipha ngaphambi kwesikhathi;
- Isifo sokukhathazeka sokwehluleka kocansi.
Isifo sikashukela insipidus ezinganeni
Intsha nentsha ihlushwa ukubonakaliswa okufanayo kweziguli ezindala, noma kunjalo, izimpawu azisho kanjalo. Izingane ezingaphezulu konyaka zenqaba ukuncelisa ibele, zicela kuphela amanzi ajwayelekile. Ingane ayitholi kahle isisindo. Ebusuku, ukuhlanza kwenzeka, ingane ihlushwa i-envesis.
Ukwehla kanye nokwenqaba ukudla - izimpawu ezengeziwe ze-endocrine pathology
Ezinganeni, kunalokho, izimpawu zikhanya kakhulu. Izingane ezigulayo azinakukhathazeka, zinomunyu. Ngenxa yokuchama njalo ngezingxenye ezinkulu, isikhathi sokulala nobusuku siyaphazamiseka. Isisindo somzimba sehla ngokuqondile "phambi kwamehlo." Izimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi ziyashiwo: i-turgor yesikhumba incishisiwe, izinyembezi azikho ngesikhathi sokukhala, futhi izici zobuso ziyafiphala. Uma ubheka ubuso bengane, impumulo iba mncane, iphakame, amashubhu angaphambili akhonjwe ngokucacile, amehlo athe njo.
Ukushisa komzimba kungazinzi. Kungaba ngezikhathi nokuvuka nokuwa. I-Tachycardia icacile. Amabele awakwazi ukuchaza isifiso sawo se-pathological sokuphuza njalo, ngakho-ke kuvame ukuba nomzimba obucayi, ukuqunjelwa, nokulahlekelwa ingqondo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Inkathi yesikhathi sokuzala iba nzima kakhulu kowesifazane otholakala ukuthi unesifo. Njengomthetho, ukuthuthuka kwenzeka kuphela ngemuva kokuba ingane izelwe. I-endocrine pathology ingavela ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Ngemuva kwalokho owesimame uzoba nohlobo oluphakathi lwesifo noma lwe-nephrogenic.
Ezinye iziguli zithola lesi sifo okokuqala ngqa ngesikhathi sokuzala. Kukholelwa ukuthi ama-provocateurs e-pathology ama-enzyme akhiqizwa yi-placenta. Kulokhu, odokotela banquma ukwelashwa ngemithi nokwelashwa kokudla, okunganciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo. Indlela yesifo sikashukela inyamalala iyedwa ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane.
I-Gestagenic sikashukela insipidus ingenye yezindlela ezingandile zalesi sifo
Abesifazane abakhulelwe bakhala ngokuthi isibalo sohambo nsuku zonke ukuya endlini encane singadlula izikhathi ezingama-30. Njengoba wazi, abesifazane kule nkathi bavame ukuchama ngaphandle kokuba khona kwalesi sifo. Ezinye iziguli zakha umbhede. Umchamo ubonakala futhi ucishe ungabi namabala, ufana namanzi ajwayelekile.
Izindlela zokuxilonga
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela i-insipidus kuqukethe izindlela ezilandelayo zokwenziwa elebhu kanye nezinsizakalo zocwaningo, ezikuvumela ukuthi uqinisekise noma uphike ubukhona besifo:
Ungathola kanjani ukuthi unesifo sikashukela ekhaya- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile - izinguquko zenzeka kuphela ngokuphelelwa ngamandla komzimba (kukhona ukwanda kwe-hemoglobin, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi namaseli amhlophe egazi).
- I-Urinalysis - ungabona ukukhuphuka okukhulu kwevolumu yansuku zonke, ukwehla kwamandla athile adonsela phansi nokuxineka kwe-osmotic, imizimba kashukela kanye ne-acetone.
- I-biochemistry - i-insulin yesifo sikashukela se-renal ihambisana nokwanda kwe-sodium, chloride.
- Izinga le-vasopressin lingaba semkhawulweni ojwayelekile wohlobo lwe-nephrogenic ye-pathology, futhi ngesifo sikashukela esiphakathi nesifo sikashukela siyancishiswa.
- I-MRI yobuchopho - ikuvumela ukuthi unqume i-pathology yesifunda se-hypothalamic-pituitary kanye nezimbangela zesifo sikashukela.
- I-CT yezitho zesisu kanye nama-x-ray - izifundo ezengeziwe zokucacisa imbangela yalesi sifo.
Ukuxilongwa okuhlukile kuhloselwe ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwesifo sikashukela esimaphakathi kanye ne-renal, kanye namanye ama-pathologies, nawo ahambisana nenani elikhulu lokwakheka komchamo (isibonelo, i-pyelonephritis engapheli, isifo sikashukela mellitus).
Kusetshenziswa izivivinyo eziningi zokuxilonga. Ukuhlolwa kokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kuqukethe iqiniso lokuthi isiguli sigwema ukuthatha uketshezi amahora amane kuya kwezi-4. Isisindo sesiguli, ukugcwala komchamo ne-plasma yegazi kuqondisiwe. Okunye ukuhlolwa kwenziwa futhi (ukuphathwa kwe-sodium chloride, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Desmopressin).
Yilwa ne-pathology
Ukwelashwa kwe-insipidus yesilisa, yowesifazane, nengane yesifo sengane kuqukethe ukulungiswa kokudla nokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa.
Ukudla
Izazi ze-Endocrinologists zincoma ukuthi kugcinwe amatafula uNombolo 10 noma uNo. Ukudla okuvame ukuvela kuyadingeka (okungenani izikhathi ezingama-5-6 ngosuku). Inani lamaprotheni angena emzimbeni kufanele lilinganiselwe ku-70 g, kepha ama-carbohydrate nama-lipid kufanele adliwe ngokugcwele.
Ukwenqaba usawoti kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yeziguli
Pheka ukudla ngaphandle kosawoti. Usawoti udla isiguli esezinhlelweni zokukudla. Kungcono ukufaka ekudleni imifino eningi, amajikijolo nezithelo. Kubalulekile ukudla izinhlanzi zasolwandle nokudla kwasolwandle, imikhiqizo yobisi.
Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa
Kusetshenziswa amaqembu alandelayo emithi.
- Ukulwa nefomu eliphambili le-pathology: ukwelashwa okufakwa esikhundleni - lokhu kufaka phakathi izidakamizwa ezifanekisa nge-vasopressin (Minirin, Adiuretin SD, Adiurekrin); Imithi ekhulisa ukuzwela kwama-receptors esenzweni se-antidiuretic hormone okungenani ngokuhlanganiswa kwayo (carbamazepine, Miskleron, Chlorpropamide).
- Usizo lokubonakaliswa kwesifo se-renal sikashukela i-insipidus: i-thiazide diuretics - ikhulisa ukumunwa kwamanzi okuphindayo ngenxa yokwehla kwethamo legazi elijikelezayo (Hypothiazide, Clopamide); izidakamizwa ezingezona ze-steroidal ezilwa nokuvuvukala (i-Diclofenac, i-Ibuprofen) - ngokumelene nesizinda sokusabela okuthile okuningana, zinomthelela ekwehlelweni kwevolumu yomchamo okhutshiwe.
Ukuqedwa kwembangela
Kubalulekile ukuqeda i-etiological factor eyadala ukukhula kwesifo. Uma imbangela kwakuyinqubo yesimila, kususwa ukuhlinza ukwakheka. Uma kunesidingo, eminye imithi noma i-radiation therapy.
Endabeni yokuqalwa kwenqubo yokutheleleka, kusetshenziswa ama-antibacterial agents, i-detoxification kanye ne-dehydration therapy. I-edema ye-Cerebral isuswa ngamakhambi e-diuretics kanye ne-hyperosmolar. Ngesifo sofuba, izidakamizwa ezilwa ne-TB zinqunyelwe.
Izindlela zokuvimbela
Ukuvimbela i-insipidus yesifo sikashukela akunazo izindlela eziqondile, ngoba lesi sifo sise-polyetiological, okungukuthi, sinezimbangela eziningi zentuthuko. Ukuvimbela noma ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwe-pathology, kunconywa ukuhlolwa kwezokwelashwa minyaka yonke. Kubalulekile ukuyeka imikhuba emibi (ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala, ukubhema).
