I-diabetes mellitus yisifo se-endocrine apparatus isifo esingavela kunoma iyiphi iminyaka. Akanabo ubulili kanye nesimo senhlalo. Izimbangela ze-pathology zingahluka: ukuzalwa kusengaphambili, isisindo somzimba we-pathological, ukuba khona kwemikhuba emibi, ukungondleki.
Lesi sifo siqhubeka ngezindlela ezimbili. Ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, amanyikwe awabhekane nezibopho zawo, akhiqize i-insulin encane kunesidingo ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwezinqubo ezibalulekile. Isifo sohlobo 2 sibonisa ngokushintsha kokuzwela kwamangqamuzana nezicubu zomzimba entweni esebenza ngehomoni.
Zombili lezi zinhlobo zihambisana namazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini (hyperglycemia). Ngaphezulu kwezinombolo ezijwayelekile zidinga ukulungiswa. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga zesifo. Isisekelo sokwelashwa kanye nokuvinjwa kwefomu elizimele le-insulin wukudla okune-carb ephansi kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, izici nenqubo okuxoxwa ngayo lapha ngezansi.
Isifo Sikashukela Nokudla
Umzimba womuntu ophilile uzihlinzeka ngamandla adingekayo ngenxa ye-carbohydrate metabolism. Lokhu kwenzeka kanjena:
- Ukudla kungena emzimbeni, kwehle kube yizakhi ezincane, kufaka phakathi i-monosaccharides (ushukela).
- Ushukela udonswa odongeni lwamathumbu lungene egazini, lapho izinga lakhona lidlulela ngale kwejwayelekile kuze kube likhulu.
- Ingqondo ithumela isibonakaliso kuma-pancreas ngesidingo sokukhipha i-insulin egazini ukuze kusatshalaliswe i-glucose kumaseli omzimba.
I-insulin yi-hormone ebalulekile ebhekele ukuhambisa ushukela emangqamuzaneni omzimba.
Uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela lubonakala ngokuthi i-gland ifaka isamba esanele se-insulin, kodwa amaseli "awayiboni." Umphumela uba yi-hyperglycemia, ethi ngendlela enobuthi ithinte isimo somzimba. I-carbohydrate metabolism iyaphazamiseka.
Amazinga kashukela aphezulu ayingozi ngoba kuqalwa inqubo enkulu yama-protein glycation. Lokhu kuholela ekuphazamiseni izinqubo zokwenziwa kabusha kwamaseli nezicubu. Izinkinga zamuva ziba ngengxenye yomhlaziyi obonayo, izinso, imithambo yegazi, nohlelo lwezinzwa.
Izimiso eziyisisekelo zokudla okunempilo
Izici zokwelashwa kokudla ushukela zingokulandelayo:
- Ukunciphisa inani lama-carbohydrate angagaya kalula ekudleni. Lokhu kungenxa yokwehla kokubhaka kanye nepasta, ezinye izinhlamvu (ilayisi elimhlophe, i-semolina).
- Kuyadingeka ukukhulisa ukubamba kwama-Saccharides ayinkimbinkimbi. Ziqukethe inani elikhulu le-fiber yokudla (ikakhulukazi i-fiber), ekhulisa kancane kancane ushukela weglucose emzimbeni.
- Sebenzisa isilinganiso esanele soketshezi: amanzi afinyelela kumalitha amabili ngosuku, ujusi, itiye, iziphuzo zezithelo, iziphuzo zezithelo, amanzi amaminerali ngaphandle kwegesi.
- Faka ekudleni kwemenyu okucebile ngamavithamini kanye namaminerali. Ungasebenzisa izithasiselo zokudla ukubuyisela izinga le-potassium, calcium, ne-magnesium, ekhishwe ngenxa ye-polyuria.
- Nqaba ushukela, sebenzisa ama-sweeteners wemvelo yokwenziwa nemvelo.
Ukudla okunempilo kuyisihluthulelo sempilo nasenhlalakahleni
Yini okufanele ngiyibheke lapho ngihlanganisa imenyu?
Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi udokotela ohambayo ahlanganisa uhlu lwemikhiqizo enqatshelwe yesiguli esithile, kunezinkomba eziningi ezimbalwa okufanele unake lapho uhlanganisa imenyu yomuntu ngamunye.
Inkomba ye-Glycemic
Lesi yisinkomba sedijithali esibonisa ukuthi ushukela wegazi uphakama kangakanani ngemuva kokufakwa kwesitsha esithile noma umkhiqizo. Awudingi ukubala le nkomba ngokwakho, kukhona amatafula aselethwe ngomumo okufanele wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela abe nawo.
I-GI iyinkomba yokuthi umphumela womkhiqizo usezingeni le-glycemia maqondana nomphumela weglucose emzimbeni. Ukunciphisa izinombolo (0- 39), okuphephe umkhiqizo kumuntu ogulayo. Imikhiqizo enenkomba ejwayelekile (40-69) ingafakwa kwimenyu ngayinye, kodwa ngokuqapha. Lezo zitsha ezinenkomba ephezulu ye-GI (ngaphezulu kwama-70) kufanele zilahlwe noma zikhawulele ukungena kwazo ngangokunokwenzeka.
Inkomba ye-Insulin
Lesi yisinkomba esicacisa inani le-insulin ekhishwe egazini lapho kuphendulwa ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo ukubuyisela i-glycemia emikhawulweni ejwayelekile. Lezi zinombolo zibaluleke kakhulu ngohlobo lwe-1 mellitus yesifo sikashukela, kepha kudingeka zibhekwe ngohlobo 2, lapho amangqamuzana okuvikela insulin e-pancreas esevele esesimweni sokukhathala.
Okuqukethwe kwekhalori
Inkomba enquma inani lamandla womkhiqizo. Kubalwa inani le-kcal nge-100 g yomkhiqizo. Amafutha anokuqukethwe kwekhalori okuphezulu kakhulu (1 g - 9 kcal), ama-saccharides kanye ne-lipids ancipha kancane (4 kcal nge-1 g).
I-endocrinologist ingumsizi oyinhloko kwisifo sikashukela, hhayi ezindabeni zokwelashwa kuphela, kodwa nasezikhathi zokwelashwa kokudla
Izinga lekhalori lansuku zonke elidingekayo libalwa yi-endocrinologist noma umondli wezempilo ngamunye kwisiguli ngasinye. Kuya ngezinkomba ezilandelayo:
- iminyaka
- isisindo somzimba
- ukukhula nokwakha;
- indlela yokuphila, kufaka phakathi izinga lomsebenzi womzimba.
- isimo se-metabolic.
Imiphi imikhiqizo okufanele ngiyikhethe?
Ukudla okuphansi kwe-carb yohlobo 2 sikashukela (amamenyu wamasonto onke) kufaka phakathi inani lokudla, okuxoxwa ngalo ngezansi.
Flour nesinkwa
Kuvunyelwe ukufakwa emikhiqizweni yokudla ngokusekelwe kufulawa enjalo:
- rye
- i-buckwheat;
- ilayisi;
- ibanga lesibili likakolweni.
I-butter and puff khekhe kufanele ilahlwe, ngoba inenkomba ye-glycemic ephezulu ngenxa yemikhiqizo esetshenziselwa ukupheka.
Imifino nezithelo
Ukudla kwe-carb ephansi kufaka yonke imifino eluhlaza. Banokuqukethwe kwama-khalori aphansi kanye nama-indices we-glycemic aphansi, obahlukanisa njengeqembu lokudla okuvunyelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kufaka inani elikhulu lamavithamini, izakhi zokulandela umkhondo, ama-flavonoid nama-antioxidants, awasebenzisanga isiguli kuphela, kepha futhi nomzimba ophilile.
Imifino nezithelo - ukudla okufanele kube kumenyu yesifo sikashukela nsuku zonke
Ezithelo, ungafaka ama-apricots, imango, ubhanana, ama-cherries nama-cherries, amagilebhisi nama petshisi kumenyu. Izithelo azisebenzi kungefomu elisha kuphela. Ungenza i-jam kubo (kubalulekile ukuthi ungasebenzisi ushukela lapho upheka) noma ujusi osanda kufakwa.
Inyama nenhlanzi
Imenyu ifaka imikhiqizo elandelayo:
Ukudla okusebenzisekayo kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2- i-veal;
- inyama yenkomo;
- unogwaja;
- turkey
- Inkukhu
- trout;
- isalimoni;
- i-pollock;
- i-crucian carp.
Ngefomu lesifo elizimele le-insulin, amaqanda amabili avumelekile ngosuku, kungcono efomini elibilisiwe. Ungafaka i-omelet kumenyu, kepha kufanele ihanjwe ngaphezu kokuthosiwe. Amaqanda e-Quail nawo ayasiza. Kusithinta kahle isimo sepheshana esiswini, kuqinise izivikelo zomzimba, futhi kunomthelela ekwakhiweni kwamakhono engqondo.
Imikhiqizo yobisi nobisi
Imikhiqizo yaleli qembu ibalulekile ukufaka kwimenyu yansuku zonke yesifo sikashukela. Bacebile nge-calcium, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, i-potassium. Ubisi lubhekwa njengento ekhuthaza kakhulu ukusebenza kwezinso nesibindi, kanye nomkhiqizo obalulekile oqinisa amasosha omzimba womuntu.
Imikhiqizo yobisi ayinambitheki kuphela, kepha futhi inempilo
Kubalulekile ukukhetha okuqukethwe okuphakathi kwamafutha komkhiqizo, hhayi ukukuxhaphaza (inani lansuku zonke - hhayi ngaphezu kwama-400 ml). Ubisi olusha lungcono ukuthi lungasebenzisi ngesifo sohlobo 2, ngoba lungavusa ushukela egazini.
Okuncamelayo kunikezwe:
- kefir;
- ubisi olubilisiwe olubilisiwe;
- iyogathi;
- i-Whey;
- amakhowe obisi.
Ukhilimu omuncu kanye neyogathi kufanele kube nokuqukethwe kwamafutha aphakathi. Kungcono ukuthi udle yoghur ngaphandle kokunambitha.
Izihlobo
Ngamunye wezinhlamvu ubalulekile ekudleni kwansuku zonke kwesifo sikashukela. Okuhlukile yi-semolina. Lokhu okusanhlamvu akunconyelwe ukupheka, ngoba kunokuqukethwe kwekhalori ephezulu, inkomba ebalulekile ye-glycemic kanye nenani elincane lezakhamzimba ekwakhiweni.
Ilusizo ngohlobo 2 sikashukela yilezi:
- i-buckwheat;
- iphalishi kakolweni;
- amabele;
- i-oatmeal;
- ibhali le-pearl.
I-Oatmeal - iphalishi evamisa indlela yokugaya ukudla futhi iqinise amasosha omzimba
Eminye imikhiqizo
Eziphuzweni, ochwepheshe batusa ukukhetha amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile, amaminerali amanzi ngaphandle kwegesi, iziphuzo zezithelo, iziphuzo zezithelo. Akukalulekanga ukuthi usebenzise amajusi wesitolo ngoba aqukethe inani elikhulu loshukela, ukunambitheka kanye nemibala. Kufanele futhi wenqabe ku-horseradish, lwesinaphi, kumasoseji athengiwe.
Isibonelo Semenyu Yosuku olulodwa
Imenyu yokuqala kufanele ixoxwe nge-endocrinologist noma wezokwelapha. Ochwepheshe abafanelekile bazokutshela ukuthi iyiphi imikhiqizo ebalulekile okufanele ifakwe ekudleni, nokuthi iyiphi okufanele ilahlwe. Thatha ukubamba nsuku zonke ikhalori yokudla, isisindo somzimba wesiguli, ubulili, ubudala, izinkomba ze-glycemic zemikhiqizo nokudla okwenziwe ngomumo.
Imenyu eyisampula yosuku:
- ibhulakufesi - amaqanda antshontshiwe, isinkwa nebhotela, itiye;
- umthamo - idlanzana lamajikijolo;
- isidlo sasemini - umhluzi wemifino, amabele, inhlama yenkukhu ebilisiwe, i-compote;
- umthamo - i-apula;
- kwasemini - isidlo semifino, inhlanzi ebilisiwe, isinkwa, isiphuzo sezithelo;
- umthamo - itiye noma ryazhenka.
Amaresiphi wesifo sikashukela
Kunenombolo enkulu yezindlela zokupheka zokupheka hhayi nje ezinempilo, kepha futhi nezitsha ezimnandi zabashukela abancike ku-insulin.
Isaladi kanye ne-apula isaladi
Izithako ezibalulekile:
- izaqathe - ama-2 ama-PC .;
- i-apula - ama-2 ama-PC .;
- ukhilimu omuncu 1% fat - 2 tbsp. l.;
- ingcosana kasawoti;
- dill neparsley - isixha;
- xylitol.
Hlambulula kahle, ikhasi bese uthathe izingcezu. Ngokugaya, ungasebenzisa i-grater. Faka isaladi ukhilimu omuncu, engeza usawoti kanye ne-xylitol ukunambitha, amakhambi ahlanganisiwe.
UZucchini nenyama
Le iresiphi idinga izithako ezilandelayo:
- zucchini - 600 g;
- fillet yenkukhu yengulube - 200 g;
- irayisi elinsundu - 50 g;
- utamatisi - ama-3 ama-PC .;
- anyanisi - ama-2 ama-PC .;
- ukhilimu omuncu - 3 tbsp. l.;
- amafutha emifino - 3 tbsp. l.;
- usawoti kanye nemifino.
I-Zucchini ingumkhiqizo wekhalori ophansi onenkomba ye-glycemic ephansi
IZucchini kumele igezwe, ihlolwe bese isikwa emasongweni. Ngaphakathi kwawo enza indelelo futhi aphoqelele inkukhu enamakhasi, exhuma ngaphambili exhunywe nelayisi elinsundu elibilisiwe. Okulandelayo, ishidi lokubhaka lifakwa ngamafutha emifino, lisakaze i-zucchini, bese lithululela isoso utamatisi oyosiwe, u-anyanisi no-ukhilimu omuncu. Bhaka kuhhavini isigamu sehora.
Curd Souffle
Kuyadingeka ukulungiselela:
- ushizi wekotishi onamafutha aphakathi nendawo - 0.5 kg;
- ama-apula - 300 g;
- iqanda lenkukhu - ama-2 ama-PC .;
- ubisi - 150 ml;
- ufulawa - 3 tbsp
Dlulisa ushizi we-cottage ngokusebenzisa ngesihlungo, engeza ama-apula ahlosiwe futhi aqoshiwe. Bese ushayela ku-izikhupha, engeza ufulawa nobisi. Abamhlophe beqanda beshaywa bodwa futhi bajovwe ngokucophelela osindweni. Ingxube ephumayo ibekwa isikhunta bese ithunyelwa kuhhavini imizuzu engama-20-30.
Namathisela i-sandwich
Izithako ezibalulekile:
- i-oatmeal - 3 tbsp. l.;
- amantongomane (ungasebenzisa ama-walnuts, ama-alimondi, ama-hazelnuts, amantongomane) - 50 g;
- uju - 1 tbsp. l.;
- ingcosana kasawoti;
- amanzi athile.
I-Oatmeal kumele inqunywe futhi ihlanganiswe namantongomane amancane athosiwe. Faka zonke ezinye izithako bese uhlanganisa kuze kufomu lokunamathisela. Ungafumba isinkwa setiye.
Ukulandela ukudla akumele kubuyisele inhlalakahle yesiguli impilo yakho yonke, kepha kuzokuvikela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezibonakala kubantu abaningi abanesifo sikashukela.
