Ukusheshisa amazinga e-insulin

I-insulin yinto eyenziwe ngamaseli we-beta weziqhingi zeLangerhans-Sobolev zamanyikwe. Le hormone ithatha ingxenye ebonakalayo ezinqubweni zomzimba zomzimba. Siyabonga ngesenzo sayo ukuthi amaseli nezicubu zithola inani elanele likashukela ukuqinisekisa izidingo zazo zamandla. Okulandelayo kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile kwe-insulin egazini labesifazane esiswini esingenalutho, izizathu zokushintsha kwezinga layo nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nakho.

Kancane nge-hormone nemisebenzi yayo

I-insulin ibhekwa njengenye yezinto ezifundwa kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ngama-hormone. Imisebenzi yakhe ifaka okulandelayo:

• ukukhuphuka kwesilinganiso sodonga lweshukela;
• kusebenze kwama-enzyme ahilelekile ezinqubweni ze-glucose oxidation;
• ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-glycogen kanye nokubekwa kwayo kumaseli wesibindi nemisipha;
• ukubamba iqhaza kumzimba we-lipids namaprotheni.

Isimo esivame kakhulu ukuthi izinga le-insulin egazini alanele. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-pathology enjalo: ukungapheleli okuphelele nokuhlobene. Esimweni sokuqala, amaseli emfihlo we-insulin ama-pancreas awakwazi ukubhekana nemisebenzi yawo futhi awakwazi ukukhiqiza inani elanele le-hormone. Ukubonakaliswa kuyisimo sohlobo lwe-1 sikashukela mellitus.

Uma ama-pancreas ehlanganisa inani elanele le-insulin, kodwa amangqamuzana omzimba alahlekelwa umuzwa wawo kuwo, sikhuluma ngokungapheleli okuhlobene. Ubambe iqhaza ngqo ekwakhekeni kohlobo 2 “lwesifo esimnandi”.

Amaseli we-Beta weziqhingi zaseLangerhans-Sobolev - izoni elibhekele ukwakheka kwe-insulin

Yiziphi izinombolo ezithathwa njengejwayelekile?

Izinga le-insulin egazini esiswini esingenalutho (emadodeni nakwabesifazane abaneminyaka ephakathi nendawo) alidluleli ngaphezu kwama-25 mkU / l. Umkhawulo ovumelekile omncane ngu-3 μU / L.

Ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12 ubudala, umkhawulo ophansi wezinkomba ze-insulin uvame ukuhambelana namanani abantu abadala, futhi indawo ephezulu evunyelwe uma icishe ibe ngu-20 mkU / l. Kubantu asebekhulile nabesifazane abakhulelwe, izinto ziyehluka kancane. Amazinga abo ajwayelekile ama-hormone anezinkomba ezilandelayo:

• Ukukhulelwa: ubuningi - 27 mkU / l, ubuncane - 6 mkU / l.
• Abadala: ubuncane be-35 mkU / l, ubuncane be-6 mkU / l.

Funda kabanzi ngesilinganiso se-insulin egazini ezinganeni singatholakala kule ndatshana.

Ngabe i-insulin inqunywa kanjani?

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko ezisetshenziselwa ukunquma izinga le-insulin egazini labesifazane:

• ukuhlolwa kwegazi;
• ukuhlolwa komthwalo woshukela.

Esimweni sokuqala, isihloko sinikela ngegazi esiswini esingenalutho endaweni yelabhoretha. Ukuze umphumela ube ngolungile, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela ukuqoqwa kwezinto. Emahoreni angama-8 kuya kwayi-12 benqaba ukudla, ekuseni ungaphuza kuphela amanzi (ushukela, oyingxenye yetiye, i-compote ingadala ukukhishwa kwezinto ezisebenza ngama-pancreas).

Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose

Le ndlela yokuxilonga isuselwa eqinisweni lokuthi isiguli sithatha igazi amahlandla amaningi. Kufanele futhi ufike egumbini lokucwaninga ngaphandle kokudla kwasekuseni ekuseni. Bathatha igazi emthanjeni. Ngokulandelayo, isiguli siphuza isixazululo esimnandi esuselwa ku-glucose powder. Ngezikhathi ezithile (udokotela ohambelayo angakhombisa indlela eya lapho isampula ingafuneki khona lapho i-reanalysis) iphinda ithathwe igazi.

IGlucose powder, exutshwe emanzini ukuze kuhlolwe, ingathengwa ekhemisi

Ekuphenduleni ukungena kwama-glucose emzimbeni, ipancreas enempilo kufanele iphendule ngokudedela inani elithile le-insulin egazini ukuze lihambise ushukela emangqamuzaneni nasezithanjeni. Uma kunokungasebenzi kahle kwe-gland noma ushintsho ekuzwakaleni kwamaseli kuya ku-insulin, umzimba uzophendula ngokufanele, ozocaciswa elabhoratri izinkomba zezinto eziphilayo zesiguli.

Kusetshenziswa imitha

Abantu ababhekene nokusebenza kwale divayisi ephathekayo mhlawumbe bangamangala ukuzwa ukuthi ngosizo lwayo kungenzeka ukuthola izinga le-hormone egazini. Idivayisi ngeke ikhombise izinombolo eziqondile, kepha izokwenza ukuthi kuhlolwe izinkomba zikashukela, ngokususelwa lapho kungaphethwa khona ngokuthi i-insulin iyanda noma incishisiwe.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani imitha:

1. Hlola impilo yedivayisi ngokuyivula bese ufaka umucu wokuhlola. Ikhodi ese strip kanye esikrinini kufanele ihambisane.
2. Geza izandla zakho kahle, phatha umunwe wakho ngotshwala be-ethyl noma omunye wamagciwane. Lindela isikhumba ukuba somile.
3. Usebenzisa i-lancet, efakwe kit, yenza ukubhoboza. Susa ithonsi legazi nge-swab yekotini.
4. Faka isicelo sokwehla kwesibili endaweni ekhonjisiwe yomucu wokuhlola. Le ndawo iphathwa ngama-reagents akhethekile amakhemikhali aphendula nge-biomaterial yesihloko.
5. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile (kuboniswe kwimiyalo, ngamamodeli ehlukene wama-glucometer ahlukile), umphumela ukhonjiswa esikrinini sedivayisi. Kufanele kubhalwe kudayari yomuntu siqu, ukuze kuthi kamuva kuqhathaniswe nezinye izinkomba noma kukhonjiswe kuchwepheshe ofanelekayo.

Ukunqunywa kwamazinga we-insulin kungenzeka futhi nge-glucometer

IHormone inyukile

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamalungiselelo we-insulin

Ngokuya ngezimbangela zalesi simo kungaba ngokomzimba nangokomzimba. Ukwanda ngokomzimba emazingeni e-hormone kwenzeka ngemuva kwesidlo, lapho umzimba uthumela isibonakaliso kumanyikwe mayelana nesidingo sokunciphisa i-glycemia.

I-insulin ephezulu kakhulu ye-insulin ibizwa nge-hyperinsulinism. Ngokusho kwesigaba, lesi simo singaba samabanga aphansi nesesibili. I-hyperinsulinism eyisisekelo iba ngokuqhamuka ngemuva kokuphazanyiswa kwemishini yokusebenza yangaphakathi. Izici ze-Etiological zingaba:

• izinqubo ze-pancreatic tumor;
• isigaba sokuqala sesifo sikashukela;
• ukuhlinzwa esiswini, ngenxa yalokho inhlama yokudla ingena ngokushesha emathunjini amancane, okuthukuthelisa okokusebenza okufakiwe;
• izimo ze-neurotic.

I-Hyperinsulinism yesibili ayihlotshaniswa nomsebenzi we-pancreatic. Kungakhula ngokuchasana nesizinda sokulamba, ubuthi bokudla isikhathi eside, i-galactosemia, ukusebenza ngokweqile komzimba.

Izimpawu

Uma inqubo evamile ye-insulin egazini labesifazane iphulwa ngezinga elikhulu, izikhalazo zobuthakathaka obukhali (ngisho nokulahlekelwa ukwazi), i-cephalgia, kanye nomuzwa wokushaya kwenhliziyo oqinile uvela. Kukhona isifiso se-pathological sokudla, izandla nezinyawo ezithuthumela, ukusonteka kwamakhona ezindebe.

Izimpawu ze-hyperinsulinism ziyahambisana nezimpawu ze-hypoglycemia

Uchwepheshe anganquma ukuqina kwesikhumba, ukwesaba, isimo sokudangala kowesifazane, ukuvela kokuthatheka. Kwesinye isikhathi kukhona ukwephulwa kokukhonjwa ngesikhathi nendawo.

Izinga le-insulin lehlisiwe

Iqiniso lokuthi umkhuba we-insulin kwabesifazane wephulwa ngezinga elincane ungahlulelwa yizibonakaliso ezilandelayo:

• ushukela wegazi ophakeme (olinganiswa ekhaya nge-glucometer noma i-analyzer endaweni yokuhlinzela emtholampilo);
• isiguli sinesifiso se-pathological sokuphuza, sokudla, sokuchama kakhulu;
• ngesifiso sokudla, inzuzo yesisindo ayenzeki, okuphambene nalokho, isisindo singancipha;
• ukulunywa nokuqina kwesikhumba, imivimbo evele ngezikhathi ezithile engapholi isikhathi eside ivele.

Izizathu zokwehla kwezinga lezinto ezisebenza ngama-hormone egazini zingadli ngokweqile kanye nokuhlukumeza ama-carbohydrate egaya ukudla. Izici ze-Etiological zihlanganisa nezifo ezithathelanayo nezingamahlalakhona, izimo ezicindezelayo, kanye nokuntuleka komzimba okwanele.

Ungabhekana kanjani nokuphambuka?

Kokubili ukusilela kwesikhathi eside kanye ne-insulin ngokweqile yizimo ze-pathological ezidinga ukulungiswa.

Khuphula amazinga e-insulin

Ungangezelela amazinga e-hormone ngosizo lokuthola okunye ukwelashwa. Kuqukethe ukuphathwa okwelapha kwama-insulin analogues. Kunamaqembu ambalwa ale mishanguzo ahlanganiswe ezinhlelweni ezithile:

• izidakamizwa zesikhathi esifushane sokusebenza (i-Actrapid NM, Humalog, Novorapid);
• Imithi yesikhathi esiphakathi (Protafan NM);
• insulin esebenza isikhathi eside (uLantus, Levemir).

I-analogue yokwenziwa kwehomoni isetshenziselwa ukubuyisela amazinga e-insulin emzimbeni.

Ukudla okwe-carb ephansi kungenye indlela yokwandisa amazinga akho e-insulin. Le yindlela yokulungisa umsoco, lapho inani elincane lama-carbohydrate lingena esigulini. Imigomo yokudla ukwenqabela ushukela, uphuzo oludakayo, izidlo ezivame ukuvela. Isiguli kufanele sidle cishe ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kuvusa ama-pancreas ukuthi asebenze "ohlelweni."

Ukudla okuthosiwe, okubhemayo, okunosawoti kufanele kulahlwe. Okuthandwayo kunikezwa ezitsheni ezihlosiwe, ezibilisiwe, ezitshiwe, ezosiwe.

Sibonisa izinkomba eziphansi

Ukunciphisa izinga le-insulin, kuyadingeka ukuqeda imbangela yesimo se-pathological. Uma i-hyperinsulinism ibangela isimila, kufanele ikhishwe nge-chemotherapy eyengeziwe. Izimbangela ezingaphezulu kwe-pancreatic kufanele futhi zibhekwe.

Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kusetshenziswa kuphela ngezikhathi zokuhlasela kwe-hypoglycemic. Esikhathini sokuqala, isiguli sinikezwa okuthile okumnandi, ushukela kamuva ufakwa emthanjeni. Esigabeni se-coma, kusetshenziswa imijovo ye-glucagon, i-adrenaline ne-tranquilizer.

Isikhathi sonke, amazinga we-insulin agcinwa ngaphansi kwemikhawulo eyamukelekayo ngokudla. Kubalulekile ukuthi umzimba uthola kuze kufike ku-150 g wama-carbohydrate ngosuku, ukudla bekuphindaphindwe njalo futhi kuxubeka. Ukudla okumnandi kakhulu kufanele kulahlwe.

Noma iziphi izinguquko emzimbeni kufanele zixoxwe nochwepheshe ofanelekayo. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga futhi kusheshe inqubo yokuphola.