Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwezimpawu ze-hyperglycemia (ushukela wegazi ophezulu) kukuvumela ukuba ufune usizo oluqeqeshiwe ngendlela esheshayo, ukuxilonga nokukhetha uhlobo lokwelashwa olulungile. Ezimweni eziningi, i-hyperglycemia ibonwa kwisifo sikashukela (ezinye izizathu azibeki phansi), ukufezekiswa kwesinxephezelo esisiza ukuvimbela ukukhula kwezinkinga ngisho nokufa. Yiziphi izimpawu zikashukela wegazi eliphakeme kwabesifazane, emadodeni nasebantwaneni okubonisa ukuthi kwenzeka kwe-pathology, kucatshangelwa esihlokweni.
Lithini ushukela?
Ngaphambi kokuthi uqonde ukuthi kungani okuqukethwe ushukela osegazini kukhula nokuthi lesi simo sizizwa kanjani, kufanele uthole ukuthi yiluphi ushukela (ushukela) nokuthi kungani le nto iyadingeka emzimbeni.
Ngemuva kokuthi imikhiqizo enothile kuma-saccharides ingena esiswini namathumbu, inqubo yokucutshungulwa kwayo iqala. Amaprotheni aphulwe ama-amino acid, ama-lipid kuma-fatty acid, nama-carbohydrate kuma-saccharides, kufaka phakathi ama-glucose molecule. Ngemuva kwalokho ushukela udonswa ungene egazini bese usakazekela emangqamuzaneni nasezithanjeni usebenzisa i-insulin (i-hormone eyenziwe nge-pancreas).
Izici eziyinhloko zento
Kubalulekile! Le nto ye-hormonal ayivumeli kuphela ama-molecule we-glucose ukungena kumaseli, kodwa futhi yehlisa izinga le-glycemia egazini.
Ngaphezu kokubamba iqhaza ezinqubweni zamandla, umzimba udinga ushukela kokulandelayo:
- ukukhiqizwa kwama-amino acid nama-nucleic acid;
- ukubamba iqhaza kokuhlanganiswa kwe-lipid;
- kusebenze umsebenzi we-enzymatic;
- ukusekela ukusebenza kohlelo lwezinhliziyo;
- ukuqedwa kwendlala;
- ukuvuselela kohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi.
Kungani amazinga kashukela ekhuphuka?
Kunezimo ezidala ukuthi kukhuphuke ushukela. Bangaba ngokomzimba nangokwendalo. Esimweni sokuqala, i-glycemia ingeyesikhashana, ayidingi ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa. Izimbangela zePathological zidinga ukuxilongwa okuhlukile kanye nokwelashwa komuntu omdala noma kwengane.
Izici zomzimba zifaka isikhathi sokukhulelwa, umphumela wezimo ezicindezelayo emzimbeni, ezemidlalo, ukufakwa kwenani elikhulu lemikhiqizo ye-carbohydrate kwimenyu yomuntu ngamunye.
Izinombolo ze-glycemic eziphakeme kakhulu zibonwa kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:
- i-pathology yezinso nezindlala ze-adrenal;
- izifo zobuchopho;
- ama-tumor ama-pancreas kanye nezindlala ze-adrenal;
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- izinqubo zokushisa;
- ukubanjwa isifo sokuwa.
I-Pheochromocytoma (i-adrenal gland tumor) ngesinye sezizathu ukuthi kukhuphuka izinga likashukela wegazi
Izimpawu ze-Hyperglycemia
Ngeshwa, izimpawu zoshukela ophezulu wegazi zivele ekuphakameni kwalesi sifo, hhayi ezigabeni zokuqala. Isibonelo, kwisifo sikashukela i-mellitus, ukubonakaliswa kwe-hyperglycemia kudalulwa kuphela ngemuva kokungaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-85 amaseli emfihlo we-insulin of pancreas. Lokhu kuchaza ukuntuleka kwekhono lokwelapha isimo se-pathological.
Izimpawu zikashukela wegazi eliphakeme ezinganeni nakubantu abadala, ezivame ukubonwa yizihlobo zabantu abagulayo kunabaguli uqobo:
Isimo seglucose egazini ezinganeni- indlala ye-pathological, ekhonjiswa ngokudla ngokweqile, kepha ukuntuleka kwesisindo;
- ukozela kwasemini, ukudangala, ukungaphatheki kahle;
- ukuzwela kokuzwela endaweni yezandla nezinyawo;
- ukubonakala kokumiswa kwesikhumba, imivimbo evele njalo yemvelaphi;
- ukwelashwa okuhlala isikhathi eside kokuqunjelwa phansi, ukuhlukunyezwa, amanxeba;
- izinqubo zokuvuvukala zohlelo lwe-genitourinary lwendalo ebuyela emuva.
Ukuboniswa kwesifo sikashukela esisebusweni
Esikhathini esiningi, "isifo esimnandi" sivela ngendlela esetshenziswayo, ngakho-ke iziguli azisoli nakancane ukuthi imizimba yazo inezinga le-glucose ekhuphukayo. Lesi simo sivame ukutholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezokwelashwa okuvikelwa ngokwemiphumela yokuxilongwa kweLabhoratri.
Ngoshukela owengeziwe egazini, umphumela onobuthi wenzeka emzimbeni wesiguli wonke nasezitho zangawo ngamunye. Okokuqala, imikhumbi emincane yama-caliber iyathinteka, okuholela kwezinguquko ezinqubweni ze-trophic.
Lapho wenza ukuxilongwa okuhlukile, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amaqembu anobungozi ekwakhiweni kwe-hyperglycemia afaka:
- iziguli ezine-ovary polycystic;
- iziguli ezinomfutho wegazi ophakeme;
- abantu abadala nezingane ezinesisindo somzimba ophakeme;
- abantu abanezihlobo ezinolunye uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela;
- abesifazane abake baba nesimo sokuthinta lesi sifo phambilini.
Ukucacisa ukuba khona kohlobo lwe-pathology lwakamuva, kwenziwa isivivinyo esinomthwalo woshukela. Uma ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngesikhathi futhi kunikezwa ukwelashwa okuqondile, ukuqhubeka kwesifo kungagwenywa.
Izimpawu zaselabhore ushukela omningi
Ngosizo lokuxilongwa kwebhubhoratri, awukwazi nje ukuqinisekisa ubukhona bokwanda koshukela wegazi, kodwa futhi nesilinganiso saso, esizokuvumela ukuthi uhlole isimo esivamile sesiguli, ukhethe umthamo ofanele wezidakamizwa wokumisa i-pathology.
Ukuxilongwa kwesimo sesiguli kwenzeka ngokuhlola igazi lakhe le-capillary noma le-venous
Ngokukhuphuka kwezinkomba ezinwebekayo ze-glucose ngaphakathi kwe-8 mmol / l, sikhuluma nge-pathology yobunzima obumnene. Izinombolo ezisukela ku-8 kuye ku-11 mmol / L ziqinisekisa ukuba khona kwe-hyperglycemia elinganiselayo. Ukunyuka okukhulu kwe-glycemia kubonakaliswa izinga likashukela ngaphezulu kwe-11 mmol / L.
Ukukhuphuka okukhulu kwezinombolo ze-glycemic ngenhla kwe-15 mmol / l kungakhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesimo esihle. Ukuntuleka kosizo olufanele ngesikhathi esifanele kuholela ekuguqukeni kwekomidi libe yikhehla. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokulahlekelwa ukwazi, abasebenzi bezempilo banamahora angama-4-8 kuphela ukuvimbela ukufa.
Isimo esibucayi se-hyperglycemic sithatha izindlela eziningana:
- ketoacidotic;
- i-hyperosmolar;
- i-lactic acidosis.
Ukuboniswa kwezinkinga ze-hyperglycemia
Izimpawu zikashukela wegazi eliphakeme zingashesha futhi ziphuze. Inketho yesibili ibhekene nezinkinga sekwephuzile kwesimo se-pathological, esibonakaliswa ngumonakalo wokuhlaziya okubonakalayo, imikhumbi emikhulu nemincane, izinso, nohlelo lwezinzwa oluzungezile.
Ukunqotshwa kohlaziyo obonakalayo
Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sesifo sikashukela, lesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi yi-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela. Okokuqala, i-retina ihlushwa yimiphumela enobuthi ye-glycemia ephezulu (ebonwa cishe kuwo wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela). Ezigabeni zokuqala, izimpawu zesilonda zingabonakala kuphela ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo, kamuva kuvela izikhalazo ezivela kubantu abagulayo:
- kwehlise i-acuity ebonakalayo;
- izinhlungu ezinhlamvini zamehlo;
- ukufiphala kokunyakaza;
- umgubuzelo phambi kwamehlo.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-fundus ukuthola ukuthi kukhona i-pathology
Ukuhlolwa kwe-ophthalmological kunquma:
- ukuba khona kwama-microaneurysms;
- i-edema ye-retinal;
- ukopha;
- ukuhlukunyezwa kwemithambo yegazi;
- i-optic disc neovascularization;
- ukwakheka kwama-exudates athambile futhi alukhuni.
Ezimweni eziningi, kungemva kokubonisana nodokotela wezifo zamehlo lapho isiguli sithola ukuthi sinezinkinga nge-glycemia.
Isifo sezinso
Igama lezokwelapha ngalesi simo libizwa ngokuthi yi-nephropathy. Kubonakala ngomonakalo emikhunjini yezinso, ehambisana nokwakhiwa kwezakhi zezicubu ezithintekayo kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kokunganele. Esigabeni sokuqala se-pathology, i-hyperfunction yezinso kwenzeka, okungukuthi, ukufakwa kwezindlela zokuncindezela. Imikhumbi yezinso inyuka ngosayizi, ukuchama kuba kaningi.
Isigaba sesibili sikhula eminyakeni embalwa. Izindonga zemithambo ziqina, iziguli azikabi nazo izikhalazo zohlelo lokuchama, amaprotheni omchamo awutholakali. Isigaba sesithathu siqinisekiswa ukuzimisela kweprotheni kumchamo, okukhombisa ukulimala emsebenzini wezinso.
Isigaba esilandelayo (sesine) senzeka ngemuva kweminyaka engama-8-10. Kubonakala ngokubonakala kwesilinganiso esikhulu samaprotheni emchameni. Iziguli zikhononda ngokuvela kokuvuvukala okukhulu kwamaphethelo aphansi, ubuso. Kamuva kuqhuma ama-ascites, ukugcwala koketshezi esikhwameni senhliziyo. Izimpawu zokwanda ushukela wegazi emadodeni, abesifazane nezingane zihlanganiswa nokubonakaliswa kokulimala kwezinso:
- ukunciphisa kakhulu isisindo somzimba;
- ubuthakathaka obukhali, ukusebenza okwehlisiwe;
- inani eliphezulu lomfutho wegazi;
- ikhanda
- ukuphefumula
- Ubuhlungu enhliziyweni.
Ukubonakala kwamaprotheni kumchamo kuwuphawu lokuqhubeka kwesimo se-pathological
Kukhona ukwehluleka kwezinso, isimo sesiguli singalungiswa ngokukhethekile ngokufakwa kwe-hemodialysis, izinso nokufakelwa kwamanyikwe.
Ukulimala ohlelweni lwezinzwa olungemuva
Isimo se-pathological sibonakaliswa ngumonakalo wezinzwa ezifaka ngaphakathi kwezitho zangaphakathi nezitho zangasese. Iziguli zinezikhalazo ezilandelayo:
- umuzwa ovuthayo kanye nokukhubazeka emilenzeni;
- izinhlungu zensangu;
- umuzwa ofanayo;
- ukwephulwa kokuzwela;
- ukuthula lapho uhamba.
Iziguli zihlolwa njalo udokotela ngudokotela oyi-neurologist.
Ukwazi kwezimpawu zokuqala kanye sekwephuzile nokubonisa kwe-hyperglycemia kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole ngesimo isimo se-pathological, khetha uhlelo lokulungisa kahle, ukuvikela ukukhula kwezinkinga ezinzima nezingamahlalakhona.
