Isifo sikashukela ezinganeni sibhekwa njengesifo esibi kakhulu. Uthathe indawo yesibili ezingeni lokusabalala phakathi kwezinye izifo ezifomatha zezifo ezingapheli. Isifo sikashukela ezinganeni singaba yinkinga enkulu ukwedlula i-glucose ekhulile kubantu abadala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingane enjalo inzima kakhulu futhi iyinkinga ukuzivumelanisa nontanga.
Labo bazali abanengane yabo enesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala kumele bazivumelanise nalesi sifo futhi banake kakhulu ingane yabo, ngoba kunzima kuye ukuthi aphile nalesi sifo.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus ezinganeni sikhombisa izimpawu ezisheshayo. Izimpawu zokuqalwa kokukhula kwalesi sifo zingakhula emavikini ambalwa. Uma okungenani kutholakale eyodwa yalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, kuzodingeka ukuthi ubonane nodokotela ukuze ayohlolwa umzimba wonke wengane nokulethwa kwazo zonke izivivinyo ezidingekayo esimweni esinjalo.
Uma umndeni unedivayisi ekhethekile yokulinganisa ushukela wegazi - i-glucometer, khona-ke ekuqaleni kuzokwanela ukukala izinga likashukela ekuseni esiswini esingenalutho, bese emva kokudla.
Izimpawu eziphambili zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni ngokuyinhloko umuzwa ongapheli wokoma. Ngohlobo lwe-1 yesifo sikashukela olungalashwa, isifiso esiqhubekayo sokuphuza siyimpawu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinga likashukela liyakhuphuka, futhi umzimba ngasikhathi sinye uqala ukukhuthala ukudonsa uketshezi kusuka kumaseli nezicubu zalo ukuze ngandlela thize unciphise ushukela. Ingane izofuna ukuphuza noma yiluphi uketshezi ngamanani amaningi anele. Kungaba amanzi ahlanzekile alula, neziphuzo ezahlukahlukene.
Isibonakaliso sesibili esibonisa ukuqala kwesifo sizochama kaningi, ngoba ngenxa yokudla ngokweqile uketshezi, inqubo yemvelo yokuhoxa kwayo iyenzeka. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ingane egulayo ihlala ifuna ukuya endlini encane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abazali kufanele baqwashiswe iqiniso lokuthi ingane echazwe ebusuku, ukube lokhu bekungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili.
Kuyafaneleka i-alamu ezimweni lapho indodana noma indodakazi ngokushesha futhi ngokungazelelwe ilahlekelwe isisindo. Uma ingane inesifo sikashukela, khona-ke umzimba wayo uqala ukulahlekelwa yikhono namandla okusebenzisa ushukela amandla. Ngenxa yalokho, izicubu zabo siqu namafutha omzimba ayashiswa. Esikhundleni sokuthola isisindo, ingane iyalahlekelwa futhi yehlisa isisindo esithe xaxa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuzwa wokukhathala ophikelelayo uzoba uphawu oluthandayo lwesifo sikashukela. Lokhu kungenxa yokushoda kwe-insulin emzimbeni kanye nokungakwazi ukuguqula ushukela kube amandla. Zonke izitho nezicubu ziqala ukuba nokushoda kaphethiloli futhi zinikeze umzimba amasiginali afanele, aboniswa umuzwa wokukhathala nokuqhekeka njalo.
Olunye uphawu lokuqalwa kwalesi sifo kuzoba umuzwa ongapheli futhi ongenakuphikwa wendlala. Ngoshukela wohlobo loku-1, ukudla akakwazi ukungenwa kahle futhi nomzimba awugcwele. Ngalesi sizathu, ingane ihlala ilambile, ngisho nokudla ngokweqile. Kwezinye izimo, umphumela ophikisana nawo uyaphawulwa - isifiso sokudla siyanyamalala, okuba uphawu lwe-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela. Lezi zinhlobo zezimo ziyingozi kakhulu empilweni yengane, ngoba ziba inkinga enkulu yesifo.
Uma ingane ikhubazekile umbono, lokhu kungaba yinsimbi yokuqala yokuqala abazali okufanele banake ngayo. Ukwanda kweglucose yegazi kubangela ukuphuma komzimba kwe-lens yeso. Le nto ibonakaliswa ukhubazeka okubonakalayo, kepha akuyona yonke ingane ezokwazi ukusichaza kahle isimo sayo.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 sibuye sivezwe izifo zokukhunta. Emantombazaneni, kungahle kube okuxakayo, futhi ezinganeni kunezimo ezinzima zokuqubha kwe-diaper, ezingadlula kuphela uma izinga likashukela egazini lazo lijwayelekile.
Isifo sikashukela sikashukela
Isifo sikashukela sikashukela siyinkinga eyingozi futhi eyingozi yesifo sikashukela ezinganeni, ezingabulala. Izimpawu zayo yilezi:
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- ukukhathala;
- isicanucanu
- ukuphefumula okusheshayo nokuphazamiseka;
- iphunga elithile le-acetone elisuka emlonyeni wengane.
Uma izimpawu ezinjalo zivela, kuyadingeka ukufuna usizo lodokotela ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma lezi zinyathelo zingathathwanga, khona-ke ngokushesha okwanele ingane ingalahlekelwa ukwazi futhi ife.
Isifo sikashukela ezinganeni sinokulawulwa, futhi izinkinga zalesi sifo zingavinjelwa kalula uma izimo ezijwayelekile zempilo yengane zidalwa futhi irejimeni yosuku lonke iqinisekisiwe
Yiziphi izimbangela eziphambili zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni?
Uma sikhuluma ngezimfanelo eziqondile zokuvela kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ezinganeni nakubantu abadala, namuhla umuthi awunakunikeza impendulo ngqo yalo mbuzo. Ukuzivikela komzimba kwenzelwe ukulwa namagciwane angaba yingozi namagciwane angena emzimbeni. Ngasizathu simbe, amasosha omzimba aduka futhi ahlasele amangqamuzana e-beta pancreas awo futhi awabhubhise, abulale i-insulin.
Kunezizathu zokuthi kungani udinga ukukhuluma ngekusasa eliyifa lokuthayipha isifo sikashukela 1. Uma ingane iye yaba ne-rubella, umkhuhlane, noma okunye ukutheleleka ngegciwane okufanayo, lokhu kungadala ukuxhomekeka kwe-insulin. Nguyena i-hormone ebalulekile esiza wonke ama-molecule eglue futhi ayivumele isuke egazini iye kwiseli, lapho kusetshenziswa i-insulin njengophethiloli oyinhloko.
Amaseli akhethekile atholakala kumanyikwezi esiqhingini saseLangerhans abhekele ukwenziwa kwe-insulin. Esimweni esijwayelekile, isikhathi esithile ngemuva kokudla, ushukela ungena egazini ngobuningi obanele, okungukuthi, i-insulin ivumela amaseli ukuba anele. Ngenxa yalokhu, lonke ushukela wegazi liyancipha futhi i-insulin ikhiqizwa ngamanani amancane. Isibindi siyakwazi ukusigcina futhi, uma kunesidingo, siphonsa ushukela oludingekayo egazini. Ezimweni lapho i-insulin inganele, umzimba uzikhulula ngokukhululekile ushukela egazini futhi ngaleyo ndlela ulondoloze ukuqina kwawo okudingekayo.
Ukushintshwa koshukela ne-insulin kulawulwa njalo kususelwa kwimpendulo. Lokhu kuyindlela yonke yokuqalwa kwalesi sifo, ngoba ukungatheleleki sekubhubhise cishe amaphesenti angama-80 amaseli we-beta, okuholela ekukhiqizeni okunganele kwe-insulin, ngaphandle kwayo ingane engeke yagcwala noshukela ngamanani adingekayo. Lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kashukela wegazi futhi kubangele ukuqala kwezimpawu zesifo sikashukela. Ngaleso sikhashana lapho i-glucose idlulele, umzimba wengane uzizwa umuzwa ophelele wendlala ngaphandle kwalawo mafutha abalulekile.
Izimbangela eziphambili zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni
Ezokwelapha ziphakamisa ukuthi kunezimbangela ezithile eziba yimbangela yokuqala kokugula. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- ukutheleleka ngegciwane, okubonakala ngenkambo engathi sína: i-Epstein-Barr virus, Coxsackie, rubella, cytomegalovirus;
- ukwehla kwegazi le-Vitamin D yengane;
- ukwethulwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kobisi lwenkomo yonke ekudleni kwengane, lezi zizathu zisebenza njengokuthuthuka komzimba;
- ukondla kusenesikhathi kakhulu ngezilimo;
- amanzi angcolile okuphuza agcwele i-nitrate.
Ngobuningi bezimbangela zalesi sifo, akunakwenzeka ukuvimbela, noma kunjalo, ezinye izakhiwo zalo ngokuphelele futhi zincike kubazali uqobo. Kungcono ukungagijimeli ekuqaleni kokuncelisa okungezelelweyo, ngoba kuthathwa njengobisi lwebele lukamama njengokudla okufanele kosana okufika eminyakeni eyi-6.
Kunemibono engaqinisekisiwe yokuthi ukondla okwenziwe ngamakhemikhali kungakhulisa amathuba okukhula kwesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin. Kunconywa ukuhlinzeka ingane ngamanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile kakhulu, kanye nokwakha izimo ezifanele zempilo yakhe. Kulokhu, awukwazi ukuyidlula futhi uzungeze ingane ngezinto eziyinyumba, ngoba le ndlela ingadala ukubuyela emuva. Ngokuqondene ne-vithamini D, kuyadingeka ukuyinika ingane kuphela ngemuva kokuncoma udokotela wezingane, ngoba ukweqisa kwento kungadala imiphumela emibi.
Ungasibona kanjani isifo sikashukela?
Ukuxilonga isifo sikashukela enganeni, okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuhlola isimo sayo esivamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela uzothola ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi malabsorption we-glucose nohlobo lwesifo sikashukela.
Uma ingane inezimpawu ezithile zalesi sifo, kuzodingeka ulinganise izinga likashukela egazini lakhe usebenzisa i-glucometer noma elabhorethri. Ukuhlaziywa akunikezeli ukulethwa kwegazi okuphoqelekile esiswini esingenalutho. Njengoba sesifunde amasiko we-glucose futhi siwaxhumanisa nomphumela, singakhuluma ngokuba khona noma ukungabikho kwesifo sikashukela enganeni.
Kaningi, abazali bazishaya indiva izimpawu zesifo kuze kube yilapho ingane egulayo ilahlekelwa ukwazi ngenxa yesifo sikashukela sikashukela.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, bathatha izindlela zokuvuselela futhi basebenzise ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngezinga lamasosha omzimba akulo. Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 lubonwa njengesifo esivame kakhulu esifundeni sethu, futhi isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sivame kakhulu emazweni lapho kunezingane eziningi ngokweqile. Uma uhlobo lwesibili lokugula libonisa izimpawu zokukhula kwalo kancane kancane, okokuqala cishe ngokushesha nangokucophelela kwenza luzizwe.
Uma sikhuluma ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala, khona-ke amasosha omzimba alandelayo azoba khona kulo:
- ku-insulin;
- glutamate decarboxylase;
- kuya kumaseli eziqhingi zaseLangerhans;
- ku-tyrosine phosphatase.
Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukungavikeleki kwengane kuhlasela amaseli we-beta akhiqizwa ngamanyikwe.
Ngokugula kohlobo 2, ngemuva kokudla nangaphambi kwalo, kubhekwa izinga eliphezulu le-insulin, futhi amasosha omzimba egazini lesiguli ngeke atholakale. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwengane kuzokhombisa ukumelana kwe-glucose, ngamanye amagama, ukuzwela komzimba nezicubu zayo emiphumeleni ye-insulin kuzoncishiswa.
Cishe zonke iziguli zalesi sigaba sobudala, lesi sifo sizotholwa ngenxa yeminikelo yegazi nomchamo, ebekelwe ukubonwa kwezinye izinkinga zempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifa elinesisindo futhi lingakubangela ukuba ufune usizo lodokotela futhi uhlolwe ngokuphelele. Uma esinye sezihlobo sihlushwa ukugula, khona-ke ngokutholakala okukhulu kwengane nayo izothambekela ekulimazeni i-glucose metabolism emzimbeni wayo.
Cishe amaphesenti ama-20 ezingane asakhula abe nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, esibangela ukoma okungapheli, ukuchama, kanye nokuwohloka okuqinile kwesisindo semisipha. Izimpawu ezifanayo zesifo sikashukela zihambisana nezimpawu zohlobo lwesifo sikashukela esibi.
Aggravation inkambo sikashukela ezinganeni
Lesi sifo siyingozi kakhulu ngenxa yezinkinga zaso. Ukwephulwa kwezinqubo ze-metabolic kungaholela ezinkingeni ngazo zonke izitho nezinqubo zesitho esincane. Okokuqala, sikhuluma ngomonakalo wenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ehlanganiswe ekudleni kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinso, amehlo, kanye nohlelo lwemizwa lomntwana kuthinteke kakhulu. Uma ungazibandakanyi ekwelashweni okwanele futhi ungalawuli inkambo yesifo, khona-ke ezimweni ezinjalo ukukhula komqondo nokukhula kwesiguli kuvinjelwe. Abazali kudingeka bazi ukuthi hlobo luphi ushukela wegazi olujwayelekile ezinganeni zabo.
Izinkinga zesifo sohlobo loku-1 zifaka lezo ezicasulwa izinga eliphakeme kashukela noma kulezo zimo lapho kuba khona ukujula okubukhali kuso. Ngasohlangothini lwezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene lokhu kuzobe kuvezwa
- isifo senhliziyo. Ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela esigulini kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokukhula kwe-angina pectoris ngisho nasezinganeni ezincane. Lesi sifo sikhonjiswa ngobuhlungu endaweni yesifuba. Emncane, i-atherosclerosis, umfutho wegazi okhuphukile, unhlangothi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kungaqala;
- i-neuropathy. Isifo esinjalo sibangela ukulimala ohlelweni lwezinzwa lwengane. Ushukela ophakeme wegazi uholela ekuphazamiseni ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwezinzwa, ikakhulukazi imilenze. Izimpawu ze-neuropathy zinobuhlungu noma ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele kwemizwa, ukuthamba okuncane ezinyaweni;
- nephropathy. Kubonakala ngomonakalo wezinso. Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sibangela ukulimala kwe-glomeruli ekhethekile, ebhekele ukuhlunga imfucumfucu yegazi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukwehluleka kwezinso kungaqala ukukhula, okuholele kwisidingo sokudayela ngokujwayelekile noma ngisho nokufakelwa kwesibindi. Uma ezinganeni lokhu kungadingekile, khona-ke ngeminyaka engu-20 noma engama-30, inkinga ingahle ibe efanelekile;
- i-retinopathy ukuhlupheka okuthinta amehlo. Izinkinga zokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ziholela ekulimaleni kwemithambo yamehlo. Lokhu kudala ukuphuma kwegazi emzimbeni wesitho esibonakalayo, okwandisa ingozi yokuqalwa yi-glaucoma kanye ne-catarices. Ezimweni ezinzima ikakhulukazi, isiguli singalahlekelwa umbono;
- Izinkinga ngokusebenza kwamaphethelo aphansi nazo zingabangelwa yisifo sikashukela. Lesi sifo sinomthelela ongemuhle ekuzwelweni kwezinyawo, esidala ukuwohloka kwegazi. Uma imilenze ithinteka ukutheleleka, khona-ke i-gangrene ingaqala ezimeni ezinjalo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuyona uphawu lwesifo sikashukela sabantwana;
- isikhumba esingesihle futhi singakhombisa izinkinga zokufaka ushukela. I-integument ezimweni ezinjalo iqala ukulunywa futhi ihlale ihlahloka ngenxa yobungozi obukhulu;
- I-osteoporosis ingadalwa ngokufafazwa kwawo wonke amaminerali abalulekile avela emathanjeni amathambo. Ngenxa yesifo sikashukela, ukwehla ngokweqile kwamathambo kwenzeka ngisho nasebuntwaneni.
Isibikezelo sekusasa
Ngokuya ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufika ngesikhathi, isifo sikashukela singalawulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuncike kuzo zonke izincomo zikadokotela nokudla okukhethekile, kungenzeka ukugweme ukwandisa lesi sifo ezinganeni ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu.
