Isifo sikashukela yisifo se-endocrine. Abantu abahlushwa yiyo kufanele banamathele ekudleni okuqinile okunconyelwe lesi sifo. Ukudla okunesifo sikashukela kuyindlela esemqoka yokwelashwa kwe-pathogenetic.
Kodwa uma ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kubantu abadala kungakhawulelwa ekudleni nje, khona-ke onesifo sikashukela ezinganeni, ezimeni eziningi, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kuyadingeka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ushukela ezinganeni uvame ukuthembela kakhulu ku-insulin. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni ezinjalo, lokhu kudla kufanele njalo kuhlanganiswe nemijovo ye-insulin.
Isifo sikashukela singabonakala ezinganeni nganoma yisiphi isikhathi futhi sihlale singumngane oqhubekayo kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo. Vele, ukwelashwa kokudla akufanele kuphule kakhulu izidingo zomzimba wengane ekudleni. Lokhu kuyimfuneko yokuqinisekisa ukukhula okujwayelekile kwengane, ukukhula kanye nokusekelwa kokugomela.
Kulokhu, lapho udweba ukudla kwengane onesifo sikashukela, umondli wezempilo kufanele alandele imithetho eyisisekelo.
Ukulawulwa kwe-carbohydrate
Ukondliwa kwezingane kufanele kususelwe ekudla okuphephile. Udokotela kufanele acabangele umnyombo wokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic okwenzeka ngesifo sikashukela. Ukudla kufanele kwakhiwe ukuze ingane ithole amanoni amancane nama-carbohydrate ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ekudleni kwengane egulayo (lokhu kusebenza kubantu abadala), ama-carbohydrate ahlala endaweni ekhethekile, ngoba abhekwa njengemithombo eyinhloko yamandla. Ukudla okunama-carbohydrate aqukethe inani elikhulu lamavithamini nosawoti wamaminerali.
Ngesifo sikashukela, ukusetshenziswa kwama-carbohydrate kuphazamiseka kakhulu, kepha izinga lalezi zinguquko lihlukile kuma-carbohydrate ahlukahlukene. Kungakho-ke, uma abazali bevumela isimo esivamile sokudla kwama-carbohydrate ekudleni kwengane enesifo sikashukela, kufanele sigcine okuqukethwe okuqinile kwe-carbohydrate okungagcinwa isikhathi eside emathunjini, kepha kugxilwe ngokushesha, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukugcwala kweglucose egazini.
Yikuphi ukudla okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate asezingeni eliphakeme? Nalu uhlu oluyingxenye:
- ushukela nayo yonke imikhiqizo enqubweni yokwenza kwayo esetshenzisiwe (ujamu, ujamu, ujeli, izithelo ezihanjisiwe);
- I-pasta
- isinkwa, ikakhulukazi kusuka kufulawa emhlophe ye-premium;
- okusanhlamvu, ikakhulukazi semolina;
- amazambane - umkhiqizo ovame ukutholakala ekudleni;
- izithelo (ubhanana, ama-apula).
Yonke le mikhiqizo kufanele ibhekwe nsuku zonke uma kukhulunywa ngokudla kwengane enesifo sikashukela. Ezinye zazo kufanele zingafakwa ngokuphelele.
Ama-sweeteners
Ngeshwa, ushukela wengane onesifo sikashukela uvinjelwe impilo yonke. Vele, lokhu kunzima kakhulu futhi kuvame ukudala imizwa engemihle enganeni. Akulula ukuqamba nokudla ngaphandle komkhiqizo.
I-Saccharin isisetshenziswe isikhathi esithile ukulungisa ubungako bokudla kushukela. Kodwa amaphilisi we-saccharin angasetshenziswa kuphela njengesengezo ekhofi noma etiyeni, ngakho-ke awatholanga ukusetshenziswa ekudleni kwezingane.
Ama-sweeteners anjenge-xylitol ne-sorbitol asanda kuthandwa. Zombili lezi zidakamizwa zingama-polyhydric alcohols futhi zitholakala kwezentengiso zombili njenge-sweetener futhi zisezingeni elimsulwa. I-Xylitol ne-sorbitol zivame ukungezwa kokudla okuqediwe:
- ulamula;
- Chocolate
- amaswidi;
- Amakhukhi
- amakhekhe.
Ngenxa yalokhu, uhla lwemikhiqizo evunyelwe kwabanesifo sikashukela selwandisile, futhi izingane ezinesifo sikashukela zinethuba lokudla amaswidi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezinoshukela ze-sorbitol ne-xylitol kuthuthukisa uhla lwemikhiqizo nezimpawu zokunambitha zokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mishanguzo iletha inani le-caloric ne-carbohydrate lokudla kwabantu abanesifo sikashukela eduze kwamanani ajwayelekile.
I-Xylitol yesifo sikashukela isetshenzisiwe kusukela ngo-1961, kepha i-sorbitol yaqala ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ngaphambili - kusukela ngo-1919. Inani lama-sweeteners ukuthi angama-carbohydrate angakhubekisi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-glycemia futhi angabangeli imiphumela emibi, ehluke kakhulu kushukela.
Imiphumela yezifundo zemitholampilo ikhombisile ukuthi i-xylitol ne-sorbitol zibonakaliswa ngokutholwa kancane kancane kwamanye ama-carbohydrate aziwayo. Esigulini esinesifo sikashukela, le mfanelo ibaluleke kakhulu.
Njengoba i-glucose emathunjini idonswa ngokushesha, umzimba womuntu onesihlobo noma ukuntula ngokuphelele i-insulin ugcwala ngokushesha ngakho.
Amafutha
Kodwa-ke, imikhiqizo lapho i-xylitol ikhona esikhundleni sikashukela ayikwazi ukubizwa iguqulwe ngokuphelele kwabanesifo sikashukela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngokwemibandela yokuqukethwe kwamafutha, lokhu kudla (ikakhulukazi amaswidi, ushokoledi, amakhukhi namakhekhe) kusinda kakhulu kulezi ziqhingana zaseLangerhans ezisezinhlwini zamapheya.
Kubalulekile! Inani lamafutha sikashukela kufanele libe ngaphansi kaningana kunokudla kwengane okunempilo. Lokhu kungenxa yokwephulwa okukhulu kwe-lipid-fat metabolism kushukela. Ukudla ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwamafutha, yiqiniso, akwamukeleki, ngoba lesi sakhi sinikeza umzimba amandla namavithamini ancibilikisa amafutha, adingeka kakhulu ezinqubweni zomzimba.
Ngakho-ke, ngalesi sifo, lokhu kudla kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwebhotela kuphela neoyela yemifino, futhi nemifino inokwenza ½ kokudla kwansuku zonke. Kuyinto ethinta ngokunenzuzo izinga lamafutha acid ephazamisekile ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela. Ebusheni, futhi ikakhulukazi ngesifo sikashukela, asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa izinhlobo zokuphamba zamafutha (izinhlobo zamawundlu, i-goose namafutha engulube).
Inani eliphelele lamafutha nsuku zonke ekudleni kwesifo sikashukela esincane akufanele lidlule i-75% yenani lamafutha kumenyu yengane enempilo yobudala obufanayo.
Uma kungenzeka, lokhu kudla kufanele kuhambisane nezidingo zobudala bokuphila. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ingane ikhule futhi ikhule kahle. Njengoba kunikezwe ukulinganiselwa okwenzelwe ukwenza lula ukusebenza kwe-islet apparatus, ukuhambelana kwezidingo zomzimba nokudla kuhloselwe kakhulu ukudala ukulingana phakathi kwama-kilojoule, amavithamini, amaprotheni kanye nezakhi zamaminerali.
Isidingo seziguli zesifo sikashukela emaprotheni kufanele saneliswe ngokuphelele (amagremu ama-2-3 nge-1 kg yesisindo somzimba ngosuku, ngokuya ngeminyaka). Ngaso leso sikhathi, okungenani ama-50% amaprotheni ezilwane kufanele agcinwe ekudleni.
Ukuze umzimba wengane ugcwaliswe ngezinto ze-lipotropic, inyama encane, ikakhulukazi inyama enamafutha amancane, kufanele ingeniswe ekunakekelweni kwengane. Iwundlu nengulube kuzokwenza.
Inani elingahlelekile lama-carbohydrate kanye nokwehla kancane kwenani lamafutha ekudleni ngenkathi kugcinwa umthwalo wamaprotheni kuholela ekushintsheni kwesilinganiso sezingxenye zokudla eziphambili ekudleni kweziguli.
Ezinganeni zobudala besikole samabanga aphansi nezingane zasenkulisa ezinesifo sikashukela, i-coefficient coeffnty B: W: Y ngu-1: 0.8-0.9: 3-3.5. Ngenkathi ezinganeni ezinempilo zonyaka owodwa, 1: 1: 4. Kwentsha kanye nabafundi bezikole eziphakeme 1: 0.7-0.8: 3.5-4, esikhundleni se-1: 1: 5-6 ebekiwe.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi ulwele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inani lamazuva onke lama-carbohydrate ekudleni kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela lihlala likhona futhi lilungiswa ngokuhambisana nokuqukethwe kwamafutha namaprotheni, iminyaka nesisindo sengane. Le mfuneko ibaluleke kakhulu enkambweni eyinkimbinkimbi yesifo, esivame ukutholakala ezinganeni nasentsheni.
Kwezinye izimo, ukufakwa kwenqubomgomo yokudla okwenziwa nsuku zonke kwama-carbohydrate kwenzeka ngenxa yokufakwa kwemikhiqizo, okwenzeka ngenani le-carbohydrate yabo.
Imikhiqizo Engaguquki
Ungasebenzisa lesi isilinganiso: ibhali noma i-buckwheat ngesilinganiso esingu-60 g ilingana nokuqukethwe kwe-carbohydrate kuya ku-75 g wesinkwa esimhlophe noma esingu-100 g wesinkwa esimnyama, noma i-200 g yamazambane.
Uma kungenakwenzeka ukunikeza ingane umkhiqizo odingekayo ngesikhathi esibekiwe, ungathathelwa indawo ngumkhiqizo ngenani elifanayo lama-carbohydrate. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ufunde ukuthi ungaphinda kanjani.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin kufanele njalo zithwale noma imiphi imikhiqizo ngama-carbohydrate asheshayo (amaswidi, ushukela, amakhukhi, ama-roll). Bazodlala indima "yokunakekelwa okuphuthumayo" uma kwenzeka kuba nesimo esithuthukayo se-hypoglycemic. Ukubukwa okunemininingwane eminingi kungatholakala kuhlu olungezansi.
Ngokwokuqukethwe kwe-carbohydrate, ama-20 g wesinkwa esimhlophe noma ama-25 g wesinkwa esimnyama angathathelwa indawo:
- udali, uphizi, ubhontshisi, ufulawa kakolweni - 18 g;
- ama-crackers - 17 g;
- i-oatmeal - 20 gr;
- i-pasta, i-semolina, ummbila, ibhali, i-buckwheat, okusanhlamvu, ilayisi - 15 gr;
- izaqathe - 175 gr;
- apula noma ithini lamapheya - 135 g;
- amawolintshi - 225 g;
- ama-apula omisiwe - 20 gr;
- ama-cherries amnandi - 100 gr;
- ama-petshisi, ama-apula amajikijolo, amajikijolo avuthiwe, ama-currants, amapulamu - 150 gr;
- amagilebhisi - 65 gr;
- ama-blueberries - i-180 gr;
- ubisi lonke - 275 gr.
Ngokusho kokuqukethwe kwamafutha, ingcezu yenyama engu-100 gramu ingathathelwa indawo:
- Amaqanda ama-3
- I-125 gr cottage shizi;
- I-120 gr yezinhlanzi.
Ngokwesilinganiso samaprotheni, i-100 g yenyama enokhilimu ithathelwa indawo:
- 400 gr ukhilimu omuncu, ukhilimu;
- I-115 g yethwele.
Ngaphezu kokubala okuqukethwe kwezakhi eziyisisekelo zokudla namakhalori ekudleni, inani lanshukela lonke loshukela kumele libalwe. Kunganqunywa ngenani lawo wonke ama-carbohydrate ekudleni namaprotheni ama-½. Lokhu ku-accounting kuyadingeka ukunquma ukubekezelelwa kwe-carbohydrate kanye nokulinganisela kwe-carbohydrate yokudla kwengane egulayo.
Ukuze ukwazi ukwahlulela ukubekezelela ama-carbohydrate kanye nokulinganisela kwe-carbohydrate, ngaphezu kwenani likashukela ekudleni, udinga ukuthola inani lokulahlekelwa ushukela nsuku zonke kumchamo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa iphrofayili ye-glucosuric, enikeza umbono onembile hhayi kuphela ngenani lama-carbohydrate angalinganiswanga, kodwa futhi nangezinga le-glycosuria ngezikhathi ezihlukile zosuku ngokuya ngenani lezithako zokudla ezidliwayo ngasikhathi sinye.
Ukulungiswa kokudla
Ukudla kwezingane ezinesifo sikashukela, kuya esigabeni sesifo kufanele kube nokulungiswa okufanele. Kuso kushiwo ngenhla ukuthi izidingo zokudla okunempilo eziqinile ukuze kudambiswe ama-pancreas (ukwehlisa inani lama-carbohydrate wokugaya nokuqeda ushukela) kuvezwe esigabeni esoshukela sikashukela esigabeni sokuqala sokubonakaliswa kwesifo sikashukela.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesimo se-ketoacidosis akudingi kuphela ukuncipha kwenani lama-kilojoule ekudleni, kodwa futhi nomkhawulo obukhali enanini lamafutha ekudleni kwezingane.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ukondliwa kufanele kube okusindisa kakhulu. Ukusuka kumenyu udinga ukukhipha ngokuphelele:
- ushizi
- ibhotela;
- ukhilimu omuncu;
- ubisi olunamafutha.
Lokhu kudla kufanele kufakwe esikhundleni sokudla okuphezulu kuma-carbohydrate:
- amazambane ngaphandle kwemikhawulo;
- umqulu omnandi
- isinkwa
- izithelo ezimnandi;
- ushukela.
Esikhathini esingaphambi kwekhesa nangemva kwaso, umsoco kufanele ube nezithelo zezithelo nemifino kuphela, amazambane abunjiwe, ujeli. Ziqukethe usawoti we-calcium futhi zinokusabela kwe-alkaline. Izazi zezempilo zincoma ukuthi kungeniswe amanzi e-alkaline amaminerali (i-borjomi) ekudleni. Ngosuku lwesibili lombuso we-post-coma, kunqunywe isinkwa, ngolwesithathu - inyama. Amafutha angeniswa ekudleni kuphela ngemuva kokuthi i-ketosis inyamalale ngokuphelele.
Ungayisingatha kanjani imikhiqizo yesifo sikashukela
Ukucutshungulwa okuphezulu kwemikhiqizo yokudla kumele kuhambisane nesimo soshintsho lwesifo noma izifo ezihambisana naso.
Isibonelo, nge-ketoacidosis, lokhu kudla kufanele kuvikele ipheshana lezingane esiswini okwenziwa ngomshini namakhemikhali. Ngakho-ke, imikhiqizo kufanele ihlanjululwe (inyakaziswe), zonke izinhlobo zokucasulayo azifakiwe.
Nakani! Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, kungenzeka ukuthi kunezifo ezijwayelekile zesibindi nethambo lesisu. Ngakho-ke, kwiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela, kunconywa kakhulu ukucubungula okuphelele kwemikhiqizo.
Ngokufanelekile, ukudla kufanele kunambitheke, futhi inani lakhona kufanele lilinganiselwe, kepha liqukethe i-fiber eningi. Isinkwa kungcono ukudla ngesimo esomile, ungakhohlwa ngamanzi amaminerali.
Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kokudla, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela kudingeka zinake kakhulu imikhiqizo equkethe izidakamizwa ze-lipotropic:
- izinhlobo ezithile zewundlu lengulube nengulube;
- i-veal;
- inhlanzi
- ama-oat nama-irayisi amagreyidi;
- ushizi we-cottage shizi, i-kefir, ubisi.
Ukondliwa kwengane egulayo kufanele kufake le mikhiqizo. Uma ubala ukudla kwezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-3, kukhona izincomo ezihlukile. Intsha ikhulisa inani lamaprotheni nezinye izinto. Kepha konke kufanele kuhambisane nezinga lomsebenzi womzimba womzimba osemncane.
Ukondliwa kwengane enesifo sikashukela kufanele kubhekwe okungenani kanye ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14 ngokwesikhathi esiphumayo. Lapho ubheka ingane ekhaya, ukubalwa komuntu ngamunye kokudla okunempilo kunconyelwa ngokuya ngeminyaka, ubukhulu bomzimba kanye nesisindo somzimba.
