Izikhathi ezithile, wonke umuntu, abadala kanye nezingane, udinga ukubheka amazinga kashukela egazini. Le ukuphela kwendlela futhi eqinisekile yokuthola ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela nokuvimbela ukuvela kwezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo ngokumelene nesizinda sayo. Ikakhulu ukuqapha ngokucophelela izinguquko ekwakhekeni kwegazi kufanele kube ngabantu abanesifo sikashukela. Njengoba ushukela wegazi kushukela uvame ukukhuphuka futhi ukuwa ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi isimo esivamile sesiguli sincike ezingeni laso.
Norm
Izinga likashukela egazini lingahluka phakathi kuka-3.2-5,5 mmol / L. Kuya ngezici ezimbalwa: isikhathi sosuku lapho ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa, ubudala nobulili. Ngemuva kokudla, ziba ngaphezulu kakhulu, ngoba kanye nokudla ushukela omningi ungena emzimbeni, ongakabi nesikhathi sokuwohloka futhi umunce.
Ithebula lichaza ngemininingwane eminingi mayelana namazinga kashukela wegazi, kucatshangelwa isigaba seminyaka
Ekhuluma malunga noshukela wegazi okufanele ube yinto evamile kumuntu ophile kahle, kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi kubantu besifazane lesi sibalo siphansi kancane kunakwabesilisa. Lokhu kungenxa yezici zomzimba womzimba.
Ushukela wegazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Ngaphansi kwethonya lesizinda se-hormonal kanye nezinqubo ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa emzimbeni wowesifazane, izinga likashukela lingakhuphuka noma linciphe ngezikhathi ezithile. Ikakhulu kaningi kuba nokwanda okuthe xaxa kwale nkomba kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ku-trimester yokugcina, lapho ingane iqala ukuthola isisindo somzimba esiyinhloko. Futhi uma lokhu kwenzeka, owesifazane kufanele ahlole igazi le-biochemical masonto onke. Ngani?
Konke kulula kakhulu. I-30% yabesifazane abakhulelwe ku-trimester yokugcina iba nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Kuyingozi ngoba ngesikhathi sokukhula kwayo ingane iyaqala ukuthola isisindo, okuvame ukuholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokumelene nesizinda sesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, i-intrauterine hypoxia ingahle ikhule, lapho ingane ingahle ibe nomoya-mpilo, ozophazamisa umsebenzi wazo zonke izitho zayo zangaphakathi, kubandakanya nengqondo.
Ukuze ukhuthazelele ingane enempilo futhi ugweme izinkinga ngesikhathi sokubeletha, kubalulekile ukubheka amazinga kashukela egazini
Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa sivame ukwenzeka kwabesifazane:
- ngekusasa eliyindlalifa;
- ukukhuluphala;
- iminyaka yakhe edlula iminyaka engama-30;
- Isifo sikashukela sokuthomba sesivele satholakala kuye ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwangaphambilini.
Lesi sifo sinesici esisodwa - amazinga kashukela wegazi adlula okujwayelekile kuphela ngemuva kokudla, kuyilapho ngohlobo 1 noma 2 isifo sikashukela lezi zinkomba zidlula esivamile ekuseni.
Ushukela wegazi kuyinto evamile ezinganeniAmazinga kashukela wegazi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe alandelayo:
- esiswini esingenalutho - 3.5-5.2 mmol / l;
- Ihora eli-1 ngaphambi kokudla - ngaphansi kuka-7.0 mmol / l;
- kusihlwa nasebusuku - ngezansi kuka-6.3 mmol / l.
Ukulandela umkhondo walezi zinsimbi kulula. Kwanele ukuthenga imitha ekhemisi eliseduze. Futhi uma ukuhlukunyezwa kuphawulwa ngokulinganisa okujwayelekile ekhaya, owesifazane kufanele azise udokotela ngakho futhi enze inkambo efanele yokwelashwa.
Ushukela wegazi nge-hyperglycemia
I-Hyperglycemia yisifo esibonakala ngokwanda kwe-glucose egazini esiswini esingenalutho, kuthi ngemuva kokudla ukudla kubuyele kwesejwayelekile. Isikhombisi esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa kwe-hyperglycemia izinga likashukela wegazi elingaphezu kuka-6.7 mmol / L.
Izinga lokuthuthuka kwe-hyperglycemia
Akulula kangako ukubona ukwanda kwalesi sifo emabangeni okuqala, ngoba zonke izinkomba zimfushane futhi, njengomthetho, umuntu akazinaki nakancane. Ngalesi sikhathi, umlomo owomile nokoma okungapheli kungabhekwa. Kepha imvamisa umuntu uthi ukuvela kwalezi zimpawu sezulu esishisayo, lapho edla ukudla okunosawoti noma edla nemithi ethile.
Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izimpawu ziyabizwa. Kulokhu, kukhona ukwehla komfutho wegazi kanye nokwanda kwezinga le-ketone egazini. Kuyinto yokugcina ebangela ukoma. Futhi uma ungathathi noma yiziphi izinyathelo kulesi sigaba sokuthuthuka, khona-ke lokhu kungaholela ekumisweni komzimba.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-33 mmol / l yizinkomba ezingeyona-finyelela ushukela wegazi ongabonakala nge-hyperglycemia. Bangaba ngaphezulu kakhulu kanti kulokhu ukuqalwa kwe-hyperglycemic coma sekushiwo kakade. Izici zayo zesimo yilezi:
- umlomo owomile nokoma okungenakuqhathaniswa (isiguli sihlala siphuza amanzi);
- ukunganaki komuntu kukho konke okwenzekayo nxazonke;
- ukwazi okungaphelele;
- ukuncipha kwenhliziyo;
- ukuphefumula okungasebenzi kahle;
- lokushisa
I-Hypoglycemia
Uma i-hyperglycemia iboniswa ngokwanda koshukela, khona-ke nge-hypoglycemia le nkomba iyancipha futhi ingaphansi kuka-2.8 mmol / L. Noma kunjalo, ihlala iyodwa. Bonke abantu abanesifo sikashukela banenqubo yabo ebizwa ngokuthi yitshukela ejwayelekile. I-Hyperglycemia ingakhula ngisho nasezimweni lapho le nkomba idlula khona u-3.3 mmol / L. Futhi kubantu abanesifo sikashukela esibolile, lesi sifo singakhula nangamanani angaphezu kuka-6-8 mmol / L.
Ukuze unqume ngesikhathi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hypoglycemia, kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi yisiphi isithombe esinezimpawu ngalesi simo. Kufaka:
- ukuthuthumela emzimbeni;
- ukukhuphuka kokujuluka;
- ukungaphatheki kahle ngokweqile;
- ubuthakathaka kanye nokubola;
- ukuncipha kwemisipha;
- Isiyezi
- ukuncipha kwemvamisa yombono
- ukulamba okungapheli, naphezu kokuba khona kwenhliziyo;
- wehlise ukuzwela kwemikhawulo engezansi.
Usizo lokuqala lokwakhiwa kwe-hypoglycemic coma
Isithombeni somtholampilo sisonke sishiwo kakhulu lapho ushukela wegazi wehlela ku-2.2 mmol / L. Uma iqhubeka incipha, bese kuba ne-hypoglycemic coma, ebonakala ngezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukulahleka kwengqondo;
- ukucwilisa isikhumba;
- ukwehla kwesilinganiso sokuphefumula kanye nesilinganiso senhliziyo;
- ukujuluka okuningilizayo (okubizwa ngokuthi umjuluko obandayo);
- impendulo yabafundi engakhanyisiwe ekukhanyeni.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50
Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50, ushukela wegazi emadodeni nakwabesifazane usondela noma weqe umkhawulo ophezulu wesilinganiso esijwayelekile. Lokhu kungenxa yezici zomzimba womzimba. Ngobudala, izinqubo ze-metabolic zehla futhi i-glucose yehla kancane, okuholela ekwandeni kwezinga layo egazini.
Kungakho lapho enza ukuhlolwa kwegazi okune-biochemical, odokotela bahlala becabanga ngeminyaka yesiguli. Futhi uma kuleli banga izinkomba zidlula okwejwayelekile, kwenziwa ucwaningo olwengeziwe, oluvumela ukuphika / ukuqinisekisa iqiniso lentuthuko yesifo sikashukela. Lokhu ngukuhlola okunquma ukubekezelela ushukela wegazi.
Lolu cwaningo lwembula intuthuko yakamuva yesifo sikashukela. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana. Esigabeni sokuqala, igazi le-capillary elithathwe esiswini esingenalutho liyahlolwa. Ngemuva kwalokho umuntu unikezwa isisombululo se-glucose, okufanele asithathe ngomlomo. Futhi ngemuva kwamahora amabili, babuye bathathe igazi le-capillary kuye ukuze bacwaninge. Umphumela otholakala ngemuva kocwaningo olunjalo uthathwa njengethembeke kakhulu.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50, ukweqisa ushukela wegazi kuyinto ejwayelekile.
Imvamisa, ngeminyaka yobudala engama-50, ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose ngu-4.4-6.2 mmol / L. Uma kwenzeka kuphambuka endaweni eyodwa noma kwenye, kwenziwa isifundo esengeziwe sokwenza ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela futhi kunikezwe ukwelashwa okufanele. Uma izinkomba zivamile, isiguli asidingi ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa okwengeziwe.
Imikhuba yesifo sikashukela
Amazinga kashukela egazini kushukela ahlala eshintsha. Ebusuku, kungaphakathi kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile, kepha ekuseni iyavuka (i-ekuseni dawn syndrome). Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi odokotela bahlukanisa imibandela eminingana:
- isifo sikashukela;
- thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1 bese uthayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-2.
Isimo sangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela sibonisa ngokwanda koshukela wegazi kuya ku-7-11 mmol / L. Lapho izinkomba zidlula le mikhawulo futhi lokhu kubonwa ngokuhlelekile, sesingakhuluma ngokwakhiwa kwesifo sikashukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwabanesifo sikashukela, ukufundwa okungenhla kwe-11 mmol / L kuyinto ejwayelekile. Futhi ukuyinciphisa, izidakamizwa ezikhethekile azisetshenziswa. Kulokhu, kudliwe ukudla okwelaphayo, okukuvumela ukuthi unciphise lesi sikhombisi ngokwemvelo. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kwenziwa ezimweni lapho imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi idlula amanani we-13-15 mmol / L.
Kufanele uqonde ukuthi impilo yomuntu isezandleni zakhe ngokuphelele. Ukulandelela ushukela wegazi lakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, le yiyona kuphela indlela yokulandela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela nokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi.
