Yimuphi udokotela ophatha isifo sikashukela

Lapho kuvela izimpawu ezithile, umuntu ucabanga ukuya kudokotela ofanelekayo. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi uma isisu sakho sihlukumezeka, kungcono ukuya ku-gastroenterologist, ukuphazamiseka kokuya esikhathini - kudokotela wezifo zabesifazane, ngobuhlungu bendlebe - ku-otolaryngologist, futhi uma ngabe i-visual acuity isekhubazekile, udokotela wamehlo uzobonisana. Iziguli eziningi zinombuzo wokuthi yimuphi udokotela ophatha isifo sikashukela. Sizoxoxa ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe esihlokweni.

Ngubani okufanele ngixhumana naye kuqala?

Uma umuntu ekholelwa ukuthi unesifo sikashukela (umbono angaba ngokuphelele), kufanele uthintane no-GP noma udokotela womndeni wakho. Beza kudokotela ngezikhalazo ezilandelayo:

• isifiso sokuphuza njalo;
• inani elikhulu lomchamo othulwe ngosuku;
• umuzwa wesikhumba esomile;
• imivimbo esikhunjeni esingapholi isikhathi eside;
• ikhanda
• Ubuhlungu nokungaphatheki kahle esiswini.

Ngemuva kokuhlolwa, udokotela ubhala izinkomba zochungechunge lokuhlolwa kwelebhu okuvumela ukuthi uqinisekise noma uphikise ukutholwa. Ukuhlaziywa okuyinhloko kuzoba ukuhlolwa kokuzila ushukela wegazi osheshayo. Isiguli sithatha igazi ngomunwe ekuseni esiswini esingenalutho.

Igazi nomchamo - izinto zebhayoloji zokuhlola isimo esijwayelekile somzimba wesiguli

Qiniseka ukuthi wenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile nokwelashwa komchamo. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukuvumela ukuthi unqume ukuba khona kwezinqubo zokuvuvukala emzimbeni, izinguquko ezivela ku-hemoglobin, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, ukuba khona kokuvela komzimba. Kumchamo, kuhlolwa ileveli yamaprotheni, ushukela, amaseli amhlophe egazi, amaseli abomvu egazi, usawoti, amagciwane nezinye izinto. Ngokwemiphumela, unganquma isimo sezinso nohlelo lokuchama.

Uzokwenzani umelaphi?

Odokotela besifunda banobuchwepheshe obubanzi, yize iziguli eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi odokotela abanjalo babandakanyeka ekwelashweni kwezifo zokuphefumula kanye nemkhuhlane. Udinga ukuya kumelaphi uma izinguquko ezimweni ezijwayelekile ziqashelwa. Nguye ozokutshela ukuthi yimuphi udokotela olapha isifo sikashukela uma ungasola i-pathology.

Imisebenzi nemisebenzi kadokotela oholayo yile:

Yini ebangela isifo sikashukela

• ukuxilongwa kwe-pathology yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, ukuqapha amandla okuthola ukululama kwesiguli ngemuva kokuba udokotela wenhliziyo enikeze ukwelashwa okwanele;
• ukutjheja i-hemoglobin namangqamuzana abomvu wegazi esimweni se-anemia esigulini;
• lawula iqiniso lokuthi iziguli ezine-diathesis kanye nokuphazamiseka kokudla okunempilo zibhalisiwe kochwepheshe abathile abangochwepheshe;
• usizo lokuqala uma kungenzeka ubize udokotela wendawo;
• ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe, ukucacisa ukutholakala kwezifo "ngokungabaza", kudlulisela isiguli kochwepheshe ukuze kuboniswane;
• Ukulawulwa kweziguli ezine-pathologies ezingamahlalakhona;
• ukulungiswa kwemibhalo yezokwelashwa.

Ngubani i-endocrinologist?

Lo chwepheshe uphatha ama-pathologies wezindlala ze-endocrine. Umsebenzi wakhe uqukethe ukubuza iziguli, ukuqoka ukuhlolwa, ukukhetha ukwelashwa kwelungu ngalinye lomtholampilo, kanye nokwenza imisebenzi okuhloswe ngayo ukuvimba izifo eziningi.

Uma sikhuluma ngesifo sikashukela, umsebenzi we-pancreatic okhubazekile. Lesi sitho singesezindlala ze-endocrine. Ngokuhambisana, uchwepheshe ubhekana nezifo:

• izindlala ze-adrenal;
• uhlelo lwe-hypothalamic-pituitary;
• indlala yegilo;
• izindlala ze-parathyroid;
• ama-ova kanye nama-testicles.

Izindlala ze-endocrine zikhiqiza ama-hormone abandakanyeka ezinqubweni ezibalulekile.

Kubalulekile! Udokotela we-endocrinologist uthintwa hhayi kuphela uma kunezimpawu ezesabekayo, kodwa futhi ngenhloso yokuhlolwa kokuthintela (ukuhlolwa kwezokwelashwa).

Ikhono le-endocrinologist nezinhlobonhlobo zobungcweti bakhe

Udokotela osebenzelana nezindlala ze-endocrine futhi angaba nesazi esithile esincane. Isibonelo, udokotela wezingane-endocrinologist ubhekana nezinkinga zezingane nentsha. Uchwepheshe ofanayo ubizwa ngokuthi i-patocrinologist yezingane.

Kukhona ama-endocrinologists we-specialisations alandelayo:

• USurgeon - udokotela akanalo ulwazi emkhakheni we-endocrinology nokuhlinzwa kuphela, kodwa futhi ne-oncology. Uchwepheshe osebenza ku-gland yegland, izindlala ze-adrenal, i-pituitary gland, kufanele ajwayele inqubo ye-ultrasound ne-biopsy.
• I-gynecologist isazi emkhakheni wezindawo zokuzala zabesifazane, ibhalansi ye-hormonal yomzimba, iphatha ukungazali kanye nokuphuphuma kwesisu okuphambene nesizinda sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwe-endocrine.
• I-geneticist - ihlinzeka ngokwelulekwa ngokwezokwelapha nangofuzo ezigulini.
• Udokotela wesifo sikashukela uchwepheshe omncane, udokotela wohlobo 1 no-2 mellitus, isifo sikashukela.
• Udokotela we-thyroid udokotela osebenzelana ngqo ne-thyroid pathology.

Ngubani udokotela wesifo sikashukela futhi usizo lwakhe lungadingeka nini?

Isazi sesifo sikashukela asisiye kuphela udokotela osiza iziguli ngokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela esivele sivele, kodwa futhi sisebenzelana nabantu abasengozini yokuthola lesi sifo. Imithwalo yakhe yemfanelo ifaka ukukhethwa kwereimen ye-insulin yokwelashwa kweziguli, ukutholwa okufika ngesikhathi kwezinkinga ezibucayi nezingamahlalakhona "zesifo esimnandi", ukwakhiwa kwemenyu yansuku zonke kanye nokulungiswa kwenqubo yokudla okunempilo.

Uchwepheshe ufundisa abanesifo sikashukela ngemithetho yokulinganisa amazinga kashukela nge-glucometer

Udokotela udweba uhlelo lokuzivocavoca umzimba, ukuzivocavoca kwezifo ezinesifo sikashukela, ufundise imithetho eyisisekelo yosizo lokuqala uma kwenzeka kukhula i-precoma nethambo. Futhi, umsebenzi kadokotela wesifo sikashukela ukufundisa isiguli ukuthi sizamukele, siqaphele ukuba khona kwalesi sifo futhi sisabele ngokufanele kuso. Udokotela akasebenzi neziguli kuphela, kodwa futhi nezihlobo zawo.

Udokotela ungeniswa ngokohlelo lokubonisana lochwepheshe abancane abancane. Udokotela ucacisa ubukhona bezikhalazo, wenza ukuhlolwa kwesiguli ngokomzimba. Isimo sesikhumba nolwelwesi lwe-mucous, ukuba khona kwama-rashes, lipodystrophy, inani elilinganayo lamafutha liyahlolwa.

Ngokushesha ehhovisi, udokotela wesifo sikashukela anganquma izinga likashukela egazini, izinkomba zezidumbu ze-acetone emchameni. Uma kunesidingo, isiguli sidluliselwa ukuze kuboniswane nabanye odokotela.

Yini Isifo Sikashukela Esisaludinga

Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yisifo esiyingozi ngenxa yezinkinga zaso ezinzima nezingamahlalakhona. Azikwazi ukuholela ekukhubazekeni kuphela, kepha futhi kuholele ekufeni. Ukwehlulwa kwemikhumbi emikhulu nemincane kuvusa ukwephulwa kwezimpawu zezitho zomzimba nezinso zezinso, uhlelo lwezinzwa, izitho, inhliziyo, nezitho zombono.

Umondli

Ukukhonjwa ngesikhathi yizinkinga kuzovumela ukuthatha izinyathelo ukuvimba ukuqhubeka kwe-pathology. Udokotela osiza ukuvimbela izinkinga ngumondli. Imisebenzi yayo yile:

• ukuthuthukiswa kwemenyu ngayinye;
• incazelo yemikhiqizo evunyelwe nenqatshelwe;
• ukufundisa isiguli ukusebenzisa idatha kusuka kuma-glycemic kanye nama-insulin womkhiqizo we-insulin;
• ukubalwa kwenani lekhalori lemihla ngemihla;
• ukufundisa iziguli indlela yokubala kahle inani le-insulin yokuphatha lapho usebenzisa imikhiqizo noma izitsha ezithile.

I-Optometrist

Njengoba i-retinopathy (ukulimala kwe-retinal) kuthathwa njengengxaki enkulu yesifo “esimnandi”, zonke iziguli kufanele zivakashele i-ophthalmologist kabili ngonyaka. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwezinguquko kuzothuthukisa isikhathi se-visual acuity ephezulu, kuvimbele ukugoqeka kwe-retinal, ukuthuthukiswa kwamabala kanye ne-glaucoma.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-fundus enomfundi owandisiwe kuyisigaba esibophekile sokubonisana nge-oculist

Lapho kwamukelwa uchwepheshe, imicimbi elandelayo ibanjwa:

• ukuhlolwa kwesimo sezinhlaka zesohlo;
• ukucolisiswa kwe-acuity ebonakalayo;
• ukukalwa kwengcindezi ye-intraocular;
• ukuhlolisiswa phansi kwamehlo usebenzisa i-ophthalmoscope;
• ukucaciswa kwesimo sensimu yokubuka

Kubalulekile! Udokotela angabeka ukuhlolwa kwe-fluorescence angiography, i-ultrasound kanye ne-electrophysiological.

Isazi se-Nephrologist

Inkinga elandelayo yesifo sikashukela esilandelayo yi-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela. Lokhu ukwephulwa kokusebenza kwezinso okwenzeka ngenxa yokonakala kwemikhumbi ye-renal glomeruli. Uchwepheshe weluleka umuntu onesifo sikashukela ezimweni lapho kukhona khona izikhalazo noma ushintsho olusuka kumbandela welebhu.

I-nephrologist iqoqa i-anamnesis yempilo nokugula kweziguli, inesifiso sokuba khona kwezihlobo ezine-pathology evela ezinso. Uchwepheshe wenza ukubukwa kanye nokuqina kwezinso, ulinganisa izinkomba zokucindezela kwegazi, uhlola ulwelwesi lwama-mucous.

Udokotela ubeka lezi zifundo ezilandelayo:

• ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwegazi kanye nomchamo;
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-X-ray kwezinso;
• ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultra;
• I-CT ne-MRI.

Udokotela ohlinzayo

Lochwepheshe weluleka onesifo sikashukela uma kunesidingo. Izizathu zokwelashwa zingafaka:

• ukuthuthukiswa "kwesisu esibuhlungu" samanga;
• ukopha ngaphakathi;
• izinqubo zokuvuvukala zesikhumba nezicubu ezithambile zesimo esibuhlungu;
• amanxeba okuphulukisa amade, izilonda ezinamahlwili;
• unyawo lwesifo sikashukela;
• gangren.

Odokotela abahlinzayo benza ukwelashwa okuphuma ngaphandle noma kweziguli besebenzisa ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kobukhulu obuhlukahlukene

Isazi sezinzwa

Iningi labantu abanesifo sikashukela banenkinga ye-neuropathy - ukulimala kohlelo lwezinzwa oluyimpilo, olukhonjiswa ngoshintsho ebuhlungwini, ebuthakathakeni, emzwelweni obandayo. Ukuxazulula kwenzeka ngemuva kwesizinda sama-macro- kanye nama-microangiopathies, aboniswa ngokusakazeka okungatheni kwamalungu athile omzimba womuntu.

Uchwepheshe uqoqa imininingwane ngomlando wesiguli wokuphila nezifo, uhlola isimo sakhe jikelele. Ukuhlolwa kwe-neurological kufaka ukubheka izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuzwela usebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile. Izindlela ezingeziwe zokuxilonga zingama-electroneuromyography, i-dopplerography ye-ultrasound.

Kubalulekile! Isimo se-neurological sesifo sikashukela sihlaziywa kaningana ngonyaka.

Abanye ochwepheshe

Uma kunesidingo, isiguli siyahlolwa:

• i-gynecologist - kukhona ukuhlolwa kwempilo yokuzala, ukulungisa nokuvimbela ukungasebenzi kokuya esikhathini kanye nokulinganisela kwe-hormonal;
• i-podologist - udokotela ophatha futhi avikele ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sonyawo (abanesifo sikashukela bavame ukuba nonyawo lwesifo sikashukela);
• Udokotela Wamazinyo - uchwepheshe uhlola isimo sempilo yomgogodla womlomo, izinsini, amazinyo, uma kunesidingo sokwenza ukwelashwa;
• udokotela wesikhumba - njengoba abanesifo sikashukela bengathola ukulimala esikhunjeni naseluswini mucous, lochwepheshe uhlola iziguli njengoba kudingeka.

Ukubonisana nodokotela uma izimpawu zesifo zivela kubhekwa njengenganele. Kubalulekile ukuhlolwa minyaka yonke kwezokwelapha ukuvimbela ukuvela kwezimo ze-pathological noma ukuzikhomba ekuqaleni.