I-glucose ingumthombo wamandla oyinhloko kubantu. Kusiza izicubu zomzimba kanye nezinzwa ukuba zisebenze ngendlela evamile, zibambe iqhaza ekusebenzeni kwe-metabolism, kuqede izingcindezi kanye nendlala, kondla ubuchopho, futhi kuvuse nomsebenzi wenhliziyo. Kepha le nto ingaba wusizo kuphela kusilinganiso esithile. Ngakho-ke esiswini esingenalutho, ukugxilisa kwayo kungama-3.3-5.5 mmol / L. Uma ukuhlolwa kwelabhoratri kukhombisa ushukela wegazi 25, lokhu kusho ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hyperglycemia enzima, okuyingozi empilweni nasempilweni yesiguli. Ukuze uvimbele ubunzima benkambiso ye-pathological, kuyaphuthuma ukuthola imbangela yokuphazamiseka, bese uzama ukuguqula izinkomba njengokujwayelekile.
Ushukela Wegazi 25 - Kusho Ukuthini
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuqukethwe ushukela okuphezulu egazini, kufinyelela kumayunithi angama-25.1-25.9 nangaphezulu, ukugcwala okuphansi kwe-insulin noma ukungatheleleki kwezicubu namangqamuzana omzimba womuntu kuyo. IGlucose iyayeka ukuhanjiswa iyiswa ezindaweni ezifanele bese iqala ukuqongelela egazini, isebenze emzimbeni ngendlela ebhubhisayo.
I-Hyperglycemia ingaba yesikhashana futhi iqhubeke isikhathi eside. Ukwanda kweshukela kusikhashana kuhlotshaniswa:
Isifo sikashukela nokucindezela kuzoba yinto yesikhathi esedlule
- Ukwehlela ushukela -95%
- Ukuqedwa kwe-vein thrombosis - 70%
- Ukuqedwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo okuqinile -90%
- Ukuqeda umfutho wegazi ophakeme - 92%
- Ukwanda kwamandla ngesikhathi sosuku, ngcono ukulala ebusuku -97%
- ubuthi be-carbon monoxide;
- ukumunca ngokweqile ama-carbohydrate ngokudla;
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu;
- isikhathi sokuzala ingane;
- ukwehla kwegazi okukhulu;
- ukuthatha imishanguzo ethile (ama-diuretics, ama-steroid, izivimbela inzalo ngomlomo);
- hypovitaminosis.
I-hyperglycemia egciniwe iyaqhubeka ngenxa:
- ukuvuvukala, i-oncological namanye ama-pathologies aphazamisa ama-pancreas;
- ukuqina ngokweqile kwengqondo-ngokomzwelo;
- ukwehluleka kwe-hormonal;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela;
- i-pathologies yesibindi nezinso;
- Isifo sikaCushing.
Ushukela ophakeme kwabanesifo sikashukela ungahlotshaniswa:
- ukungahambisani nokudla okunqunywe udokotela;
- ukweqa ukudla izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela;
- ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba;
- isifo esithathelwanayo noma segciwane;
- ukucindezela okukhulu.
Ezinganeni, i-hyperglycemia iba nokukhula kwesisindo somzimba, i-sepsis, i-encephalitis, i-meningitis nezinye izifo ezingathi sína.
Izimpawu Zoshukela Omkhulu
Ukutholwa ngesikhathi kwamanani aphezulu kashukela, okufinyelela amanani weyunithi engama-25.2-25.3, kugwema imiphumela eyingozi ye-hyperglycemia. Ungazibona izimpawu zayo ngalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukoma okwandayo;
- ukuchama njalo
- ukuqhuma kwesiyezi nokuqaqamba kwekhanda;
- amakhaza;
- ukwesaba okungenasizathu nokungaphatheki kahle;
- ukunciphisa isikhathi sokunakwa;
- ukungabi namandla, ukubekezela;
- ukujuluka ngokweqile;
- umlomo owomile
- ukucwilisa isikhumba;
- ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla.
Lapho lesi sifo siqhubeka ukuthuthuka, izimpawu ezilandelayo ziyaqapheleka kulowo osisulu:
- isifo sokugaya ukudla;
- ukudakwa komzimba, okubonakaliswa isicanucanu, kukhuthaza ukuhlanza, ubuthakathaka obukhulu;
- i-acetone ephuma emlonyeni nomchamo ngenxa ye-ketoacidosis;
- umbono omfiphele;
- ukuthambekela kwezifo ezithathelwanayo kanye nezifo;
- izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lwezinhliziyo: umfutho wegazi ophansi, i-pallor, ukugqama kwezindebe, ukuqina kwesifuba, izinhlungu esifubeni.
Izizathu zokukhathazeka
Izinga lokuhlushwa ushukela, osefinyelele amayunithi angama-25,4-25,5 nangaphezulu, kufanele lehliswe ngokuphuthumayo, ngoba amathuba okushintshwa okungaguquki emzimbeni aphezulu kakhulu. I-Hyperglycemia iyingozi ngokwakhiwa kwezimo ezifana:
| I-ketoacidosis | ukwephulwa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism ehambisana nokushoda kwe-insulin kanye ne-diuresis eyandayo |
| i-hyperosmolar coma | okubangelwa ukuphuma komzimba kanye nokuntuleka kwe-insulin |
| I-retinopathy | ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi ye-retina ngenxa yokuqukethwe ushukela omningi osegazini |
| I-Nephropathy | okubangelwa ukucekelwa phansi kwemithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu nokuxinana kwamaprotheni kwezicubu zezinso |
| angiopathy kwemithambo yenhliziyo | iba ngokuwohloka kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi kanye nokwehla kobubanzi bawo ngenxa yokusabela nge-glucose |
| Encephalopathy | ukuphazamiseka kohlelo lwezinzwa ngenxa yendlala ye-oxygen |
| I-Neuropathy | I-hypoxia yamangqamuzana ezinzwa abangelwa ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi kanye nolwelwesi lwama-glucose ezinzwa |
| isifo sikashukela esisenkingeni | ukufa (necrosis) kwezicubu eziphilayo ezibangelwa ukubhujiswa kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi |
Ukunyuka kwamazinga kashukela, okufika ku-25,6 nangaphezulu, imbangela:
- ukwehla okujwayelekile kokugaya ukudla;
- ukungaboni kahle
- ukwelashwa okuhlala isikhathi eside kokulimala, ukuhlukunyezwa, izilonda zesikhumba;
- ubunzima obuhlukahlukene ukwelapha izifo zesikhumba kanye ne-candidiasis;
- ukungasebenzi kwe-erectile emadodeni.
Okufanele ukwenze uma izinga ushukela lingaphezulu kwama-25
Ukuvimbela isimo esibucayi, iziguli zidinga ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele ziyenze lapho zisola ukugxuma kwe-hyperglycemia. Okokuqala udinga ukukala ushukela. Uma amanani adlula amayunithi ayi-14 futhi ayeka ezinombolweni u-25,7 nangaphezulu, kufanele ashayele i-ambulensi.
Iziguli ezingakaze ziphuze i-insulin akufanele zizinikeze ngokwazo. Uchwepheshe onolwazi kuphela ongakwazi ukubala umthamo ngokunembile futhi anqume uhlobo lomuthi oludingekayo. Iphuzu elibalulekile ekusizeni ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kwe-glycemic yile:
- ukungathathi hlangothi kwe-acidity eyandayo yesisu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, nikeza isisulu amanzi okuphuza amaminerali aqukethe i-sodium;
- ukuxubha isikhumba ngesipanji esimanzi noma ithawula. Ngakho-ke, ziqeda ukomisa futhi ziphinde zigcwalise umthamo wamanzi ophelelwe ngumzimba;
- gastric lavage ngesisombululo sikasawoti, okukuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe i-acetone eyeqile.
Ekuhlaselweni okunamandla, inqubo ye-pathological isuswa ngokuphatha i-insulin. Ngasikhathi sinye, ezimeni zokuma, basusa imiphumela ebangelwa amazinga aphezulu kashukela, baphinde basebenzise izidakamizwa baphinde babuyisele ibhalansi kasawoti wamanzi emzimbeni. Lapho le nkinga idlula, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okugcwele, okukhombisa ukuthi yini okufanele yenziwe ngokulandelayo, nokuthi yikuphi ukunquma okufanele ukwenze.
Uma amanani eglucose osegazini enyuka aze afike ku-25,8 mmol / l nangaphezulu ngenxa yokuqalwa kwesifo sikashukela, isiguli sinqunywe ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo. Kufanele abhekwe njalo ngudokotela we-endocrinologist futhi ahlolwe ezinye izazi: i-cardiologist, neurologist, ophthalmologist. Udinga ukuthola i-glucometer - idivaysi ekhethekile ephathekayo engalinganisa izinkomba zikashukela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esikahle, ngaphandle kokushiya ikhaya. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvikela ukwanda okungazelelwe ku-glycemia futhi kugweme okunye ukuhlaselwa.
Ngohlobo lwesibili sikashukela, kuthathwa amaphilisi athuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin noma akhuphule ukuthambekela kwamaseli kuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiguli kufanele sinamathele ekudleni okune-carb ephansi, sigweme ukungasebenzi ngokomzimba futhi siphile impilo esebenzayo. Isazi sesifo sikashukela sitshela ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi imiphi imikhiqizo okuzodingeka ishiywe nokuthi iyiphi okufanele ifakwe kwimenyu njalo.
Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin sidinga ukuphathwa kwe-insulin ejwayelekile kumthamo ngamunye okhethwe udokotela wakho. Esikhathini esizayo, iyalungiswa ngokuya ngokuxutshwa koshukela egazini. Ngaphambi kokudla ngakunye, isiguli sibala inani lama-carbohydrate azosidla, bese wethula umuthi ngendlela efanele.
Uma i-hyperglycemia idalwa hhayi yisifo sikashukela, kodwa ngesinye isifo, amanani kashukela azobuyela kokujwayelekile ngemuva kokuqedwa. Njengokwelashwa okwengeziwe, uchwepheshe angabeka izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ukusebenza kwe-pancreatic futhi zivimbele ukukhishwa kwama-hormone athile.
Ukuvimbela
Uma kungekho zimbangela zokwehla kwamazinga kashukela, ungakugwema ukugxuma okuphindaphindiwe ku-glycemia ngokubheka izindlela eziningana zokuvimbela:
- ukudla kaningi, kepha ngezingxenye ezincane;
- ukulinganisa imenyu bese ufaka ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi kuyo;
- ungadli ama-carbohydrate akhanyayo. Zitholakala emaswidi, u-ayisikhilimu, namakhekhe, ushokoledi, inyama enamafutha kanye nezitsha zenhlanzi, amazambane, i-lemade;
- faka imifino eminingi, imifino emisha nezithelo ekudleni kwakho kwansuku zonke;
- phuza uketshezi oluningi;
- qiniseka ukwethula iziphuzo zobisi ezinomuncu ngamaphesenti amancane wokuqukethwe kwamafutha ekudleni;
- yeka utshwala nokubhema;
- zama ukugwema ukucindezela okukhulu.
Ukuzivocavoca okulinganiselayo kukuvumela ukuba ulondoloze amazinga evamile kashukela. Akudingekile ukuvakashela ejimini nsuku zonke futhi wenze nesisindo. Kwanele ukwenza imisebenzi yokuzivocavoca njalo ekuseni, iya echibini, uhambe ngezinyawo isikhathi eside ngezinyawo. Abantu abakhuluphele badinga ukukhulisa isisindo sabo ngokwejwayelekile
