Ukwehlulwa kwemithambo emikhulu yegazi kubhekwa ngodokotela njenge-atherossteosis. Ebantwini abangenasifo se-endocrinological pancreatic isifo, izinguquko ze-atherosclerotic zitholakala ngaphandle komehluko othize. I-Macroangiopathy kusifo sikashukela ivame kakhulu futhi ikhula emashumini eminyaka ngaphambili. Ungazibona kanjani izinkomba zengozi esondelayo? Ingabe ikhona indlela yokukugwema? Selashwa kanjani isifo se-vascular?
Umnyombo wemvelaphi ye-angiopathy
Umthelela omubi, isikhathi eside, wesifo sikashukela emzimbeni ubonakala ngendlela yokuqunjelwa okungapheli sekwephuzile - i-angiopathy (ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi). Ukubonakaliswa okunamandla kwesifo se-endocrinological kufaka izimo eziphuthumayo nokwehla okuqinile kushukela wegazi (hypoglycemia) noma ukukhuphuka kwalo okuqhubekayo (ketoacidosis), ikhesa.
Imithambo yegazi ingena emzimbeni wonke. Ngenxa umehluko okhona kumakhalori abo (amakhulu namancane), ama-macro- kanye ne-microangiopathy ahlukaniswa. Izindonga zemithambo kanye nama-capillary athambile futhi mncane, zithinteka ngokulinganayo yi-glucose eyeqile.
Ukungena emithanjeni yegazi, i-organic udaba yakha ubuthi bamakhemikhali obuyingozi kumaseli nezicubu. Izinguquko zenzeka ezidala ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwezitho zomzimba. Okokuqala, i-macroangiopathy kwisifo sikashukela ithinta inhliziyo, ubuchopho, imilenze; i-microangiopathy - izinso, amehlo, izinyawo.
Ngaphezu ushukela omningi, imithambo yegazi ibhubhisa i-cholesterol nezinto ezenziwe ngenca yokubhema isiguli uqobo noma abantu abavela endaweni esondelene nayo. Izindlela zegazi zivalekile ngama-cholesterol plaque. Esikhathini sikashukela, imikhumbi ihlaselwa kabili (ushukela kanye ne-cholesterol). Umuntu obhemayo uzichaphazelayo emiphumeleni emibi emathathu. Ubeka engcupheni yokuthola isifo se-atherosclerosis, kungaphansi komuntu onesifo sikashukela.
Njengoba ifakwe ezindongeni ze-vascular, i-cholesterol iqala ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi
Umfutho wegazi ophakeme (BP) nawo uholela ekulimaleni kwezicubu ezitholakala ngaphakathi komkhumbi (aorta, veins). Izikhala zenziwa phakathi kwamaseli, izindonga ziba semthethweni, nokugxila kwezinhlobo zokuvuvukala. Ngaphezu kwama-cholesterol plaque, izibazi zakha izindonga ezithintekile. Ama-Neoplasms angakwazi ukuvimba kancane kancane i-lumen emikhunjini. Kunohlobo olukhethekile lwesifo sohlangothi - hemorrhagic noma hemorrhage.
I-macroangiopathy yesifo sikashukela noma ukunqunywa kwemikhumbi emikhulu kuwuphawu lwesifo sohlobo 2. Njengomthetho, isiguli sineminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40 ubudala futhi izinguquko zemvelo ohlelweni lwamathambo zitholwa ngokwezinkinga zesifo sikashukela. Akunakwenzeka ukuguqula izinqubo ezisebenzayo kwelinye uhlangothi, kepha ukwakheka kwezicubu zesilonda kungamiswa.
Indima yenye into eholela ekuthuthukiseni zombili izinhlobo zama-angiopathies ayicaci ngokwanele - isandulela sofuzo ezifweni zenhliziyo.
Izimpawu ze-macroangiopathy
Iziguli ezine-atherosclerosis zibukeka zindala kuneminyaka yazo, zinokukhuluphala ngokweqile. Zinezigcawu eziphuzi ezicijile ezinqeni nasezinkalweni - kufakwa ku-cholesterol. Ezigulini, ukuwohloka kwemithambo yesitho sowesifazane kanye ne-popliteal kubuthaka, kungabikho ngokuphelele, kubuhlungu ezinhlinini zamathole avela lapho kuhamba nangemva kwesikhathi esithile ngemuva kokuma. Lesi sifo sihambisana nokukhalipha ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukuze wenze ukuxilongwa okunembile, ochwepheshe basebenzisa indlela ye-angiography.
Lezi zigaba ezilandelayo zihlukaniswa ekuthuthukisweni kwe-macro- kanye ne-microangiopathy yemikhawulo engezansi:
- preclinical;
- ukusebenza;
- organic
- i-ulcerative necrotic;
- iziqhwaga.
Isigaba sokuqala sibizwa nangokuthi i-asymptomatic noma i-metabolic, ngoba ngisho nangokwedatha yokuhlolwa kokusebenza okusebenzayo, ukwephula umthetho akubonakali. Isigaba sesibili sinezimpawu ezinzima zomtholampilo. Ngaphansi kwethonya lokwelashwa, ukuphazamiseka nakho kusengaphenduka emuva.
Ngesigaba se-organic kanye nezinguquko ezilandela kamuva sezivele zingenakuphikwa
Ukunciphiswa komthambo wegazi ondla isitho esithile kuholela ku-ischemia (anemia wendawo). Izimo ezinjalo zivame ukubonwa esifundeni senhliziyo. I-artery spasm eyenzekayo ibangela ukuhlaselwa kwe-angina. Iziguli ziqaphela izinhlungu ngemuva kwe-sternum, ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo.
Ukuqhekeka okungazelelwe komkhumbi wenhliziyo kuphazamisa ukungondleki kwemisipha. I-tissue necrosis iyenzeka (i-necrosis yesiza sesitho) kanye ne-myocardial infarction. Abantu abaye bahlushwa yiwo bahlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo. Ukuhlinzwa kweBypass kungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yempilo yeziguli ezine-coronary artery isifo.
Isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga emithambo yeqondo kuhambisana nesiyezi, ubuhlungu, ukukhubazeka kwememori. Ukushaywa unhlangothi kwenzeka lapho kunokwephulwa kokuhlinzekwa kwegazi kwingqondo. Uma ngemuva kokushaya "umuntu" eqhubeka ephila, kuba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu (ukulahleka kwenkulumo, imisebenzi yemoto). I-atherossteosis ingadala ukuthi i-ischemic stroke lapho ukuphuma kwegazi kuye ebuchosheni kuphazamiseka ngenxa cholesterol ephezulu.
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwe-angiopathy
Izinkinga ziwumphumela wokulimala kwemetabolism emzimbeni. Ukwelashwa kuhloswe ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ejwayela izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesifo se-metabolism se-macroangiopathy yesifo sikashukela.
Izinkinga zesikhathi sikashukela- i-carbohydrate (i-insulin, i-acarbose, i-biguanides, inani le-sulfonylureas);
- amanoni (izidakamizwa ezokwehlisa i-lipid);
- amaprotheni (ama-hormone e-anabid anabolic);
- amanzi-electrolyte (hemodeis, reopoliglyukin, potassium, calcium, magnesium amalungiselelo).
Imvamisa, inkomba eyandayo ye-cholesterol ibonwa ngohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela, ukukhuphuka kwesisindo somzimba. Ihlolwa kabili ngonyaka. Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuphakeme kunokujwayelekile, kuyadingeka:
- okokuqala, ukwenza ubunzima bokudla kwesiguli (kungafakwa amafutha ezilwane, kuncishiswe kalula ama-carbohydrate afinyelela ku-50 g ngosuku, vumela uwoyela wemifino ku-30 ml, inhlanzi, imifino nezithelo);
- okwesibili, thatha imithi (Zokor, Mevacor, Leskol, Lipantil 200M).
Ukujikeleza kwegazi emithanjeni yokwethonya kwenziwa ngcono ngama-angioprotectors. Ngokuhambisana nokwelashwa okuyinhloko, ama-endocrinologists ancoma ukusetshenziswa kwamavithamini we-B (thiamine, pyridoxine, cyanocobalamin).
Kuyadingeka futhi:
- ukulungiswa kwengcindezi yegazi nezidakamizwa (i-Envas, Enalopril, Arifon, iRititek, iKorffar);
- ukunciphisa kancane kancane kwesisindo ngokweqile;
- ukuqeda umlutha wokubhema notshwala;
- ukuncishiswa kokudla usawoti;
- ukugwemeka kwezimo ezicindezelayo ezihlala isikhathi eside.
Njengendlela efanelekayo ekwelapheni ama-pathologies we-vascular, ama-endocrinologists ancoma ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Ngale njongo, kusetshenziswa amalungiselelo okwelapha (amagxolo e-sihlahla sivame ukutholakala, amatafula ommbila nge-stigmas, izimpande zesisindo esikhulu, izithelo zokutshala izaqathe, utshani obuvuthiwe).
Izinkinga zesifo sikashukela esingamahlalakhona ziqala izinyanga, iminyaka namashumishumi eminyaka. E-United States, iDkt Joslin Foundation isisungule indondo ekhethekile. Isifo sikashukela esiwinayo, esakwazi ukuhlala iminyaka engama-30 ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kufaka ne-angiopathy, sinikezwa umklomelo wegama elifanayo. Izindondo zikhombisa ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yonyaka okungenzeka kube khona.
