Abantu abanesifo sikashukela kudingeka banake kakhulu impilo yabo futhi bahlole njalo ushukela wegazi labo, ngoba noma yiziphi izenzo ezingalungile zingadala ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezinkulu, kufaka phakathi i-retinopathy. Lesi simo sibonisa ngokulahleka okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kombono, ukufiphala kwesithombe esibonakalayo noma ukubonakala kwesihenqo phambi kwamehlo. Kodwa-ke, ngombuzo wokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma umbono ungquza nesifo sikashukela, abanesifo sikashukela abaningi abasheshi ukubonana nodokotela bazame ukuxazulula inkinga yabo bebodwa. Kepha ukwenza kanjalo ngokwezigaba akunakwenzeka, ngoba ukusebenza kwe-amateur kuleli cala kungaholela ekuwohlokeni okukhulu kakhulu kombono.
Izimbangela zokulahleka kombono
Isifo sikashukela yisifo esisehlelweni lapho amazinga kashukela egazi acishe abe khona emikhawulweni ephezulu evamile. Lokhu kuthinta kabi uhlelo lwe-vascular - izindonga zemithambo yegazi nama-capillaries ziba mncane, zilahlekelwe amandla futhi zivame ukonakala. Ngokuphikisana nalesi sizinda, ukuhamba kwegazi kuyaphazamiseka, ngenxa yokuthi izakhi ezingena emangqamuzaneni nezicubu zomzimba.
Phakathi kwezinye izizathu zokuthi kungani ukulahleka kombono kungavela kwisifo sikashukela, izifo ezilandelayo zingahlukaniswa:
- glaucoma
- ikati.
Lezi zifo zamehlo nazo zivame ukutholakala kwisifo sikashukela, futhi zingumphumela wokujikeleza kokuphazamiseka. Kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwehla okuncane kombono kungabonakala esigulini ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ngaso leso sikhathi lapho kuba khona ukwanda okukhulu koshukela wegazi. Kulokhu, ukuze isimo sabo sibe ngokwejwayelekile, kuyadingeka ukwenza imisebenzi ezokwehlisa izinga le-glucose egazini.
Izimpawu nezimpawu zokuqala
Ukuguqulwa kanye nokuwohloka kwezitho ze-ocular ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela kwenzeka kancane, ngakho-ke, ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula kwalezi zinqubo, isiguli uqobo asiziboni izinguquko ezinkulu embonweni waso obonakalayo. Eminyakeni eminingana, umbono ungaba muhle, izinhlungu nezinye izimpawu zokuphazamiseka nazo kungenzeka zingabikho ngokuphelele.
Kubalulekile ukunaka izimpawu zokuqala zokulimazeka okubonakalayo ngesikhathi esifanele, ngoba ukuphela kwendlela yokuvimbela ukwehla kwayo okuqhubekayo.
Futhi lapho izinqubo ze-pathological sezivele zifinyelela esigabeni esithile sokukhula kwazo, isiguli singathola lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- umgubuzelo phambi kwamehlo;
- "amabala" amnyama noma "ama-goosebumps" phambi kwamehlo;
- ubunzima bokufunda obungabonwa ngaphambili.
Lezi yizimpawu zokuqala ezikhombisa ukuthi i-pathology isivele isiqalile ukuthuthuka futhi sekuyisikhathi sokubhekana nayo. Kepha kaningi, abanesifo sikashukela abaningi ababalulekanga kulezi zinguquko ekubonweni okubukwayo futhi abathathi zinyathelo.
Kodwa-ke, ngokuqhubekayo kuba kubi kakhulu. Umbono uyancipha kancane kancane, kusuka ekushiseni ngokweqile kwemisipha yeso, kuvela ikhanda, kunobuhlungu emehlweni nomuzwa wokuba ome. Futhi kungalesi sigaba lapho iziguli zivame ukuya kudokotela futhi ziye kohlolwa, okuvumela ukukhomba ukuthuthukiswa kwe-retinopathy.
Izindlela zokuxilonga ezenziwa ukukhomba izinqubo ze-pathological emehlweni zingafaka:
- Ukubheka i-acuity ebonakalayo nokuhlonza imingcele yayo
- ukuhlolwa kwe-ophthalmic kwe-fundus usebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile;
- ukukalwa kwengcindezi ye-intraocular;
- i-fundus ultrasound.
Udokotela kuphela onganquma imbangela eqondile yokulahleka kombono kanye nobudlelwano bayo nentuthuko yesifo sikashukela
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinkinga eziningi zemibono zivame ukwenzeka kulabo bantu abagule isifo sikashukela iminyaka eminingi (iminyaka engama-20 noma ngaphezulu). Kepha kwezokwelapha kuye kwaba nezimo eziphindaphindwe lapho ukutholakala kwesifo sikashukela kwenzeka ngokushesha ngokumelene nesizinda sokungaboni kahle.
I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela
I-retina yeso iyinkimbinkimbi ephelele yamaseli akhethekile enza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Yibona abaphenduka ukukhanya okudlula ilensi libe yisithombe. Ngokulandelayo, i-optical nerve ixhunyiwe emsebenzini, odlulisela imininingwane ebonakalayo ebuchosheni.
Lapho ukuhamba kwegazi lezitho zamehlo kuphazamiseka, ziqala ukuthola izakhamzimba ezingaphansi, ngenxa yokuthi kutholakala ukwehla kancane kancane kwemisebenzi ye-retina kanye ne-opic nerve, ngenxa yalokho i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela eqala ukukhula.
Izinqubo ezakhiweni zombono ku-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela
Kulesi simo, ukwehla kwe-acuity ebonakalayo kwenzeka ngenxa yokucindezela okwandayo kwe-intraocular, ukulimala kwama-capillaries kanye ne-nerve endings. Lesi simo emithini sibizwa nge-microangiopathy, futhi esenzeka nge-pathologies yezinso. Esimweni lapho lesi sifo sithinta imithambo emikhulu, khona-ke sikhuluma nge-macroangiopathy, okubandakanya nezimo ze-pathological ezifana ne-myocardial infarction kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
Futhi izifundo eziningi zikufakazele kaningi ukuxhumana phakathi kwesifo sikashukela nokukhula kwe-microangiopathy, ngakho-ke ukuphela kwekhambi lokwelashwa kwalesi sifo ukwengeza amazinga kashukela egazini. Uma lokhu kungenziwa, i-retinopathy izothuthuka kuphela.
Ekhuluma ngezici zalesi sifo, kufanele kuphawulwe:
I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela nezimpawu zayo- ngohlobo lwe-2 isifo sikashukela i-mellitus, i-retinopathy ingadala ukulimala okukhulu kwizinzwa ze-opic kanye nokulahlekelwa ngokuphelele kombono;
- isikhathi eside sesifo sikashukela, sikhula nengozi yezinkinga zokubona;
- uma ungakunaki ukuthuthukiswa kwe-retinopathy ngesikhathi futhi ungathathi noma yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha, khona-ke cishe akunakwenzeka ukugwema ukulahleka ngokuphelele kombono;
- imvamisa, i-retinopathy yenzeka kubantu asebekhulile, ezinganeni ezincane nakubantu abaneminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengama-5 ivela kancane kakhulu.
Iningi leziguli livame ukuzibuza: ukuthi lingawavikela kanjani amehlo abo kushukela? Futhi ukwenza lokhu kulula kakhulu. Kwanele ukuvakashela njalo i-ophthalmologist futhi ulandele zonke izincomo zakhe, kanye nezinyathelo ezijwayelekile zokulawula amazinga kashukela wegazi.
Izifundo zemitholampilo zikuveze kaninginingi ukuthi uma isiguli siphila ngendlela efanele, singenayo imikhuba emibi, siphuza imishanguzo njalo futhi sivakashela i-ophthalmologist, khona-ke amathuba okuba nezifo zamehlo anesifo sikashukela sehliswe ngo-70%.
Izigaba ze-retinopathy
Sekukonke, izigaba ezi-4 ze-retinopathy ziyahlukaniswa:
- i-retinopathy yangemuva;
- i-maculopathy;
- i-retinopathy eyandayo;
- ikati.
Izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwe-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela
Isizinda se-retinopathy
Lesi simo sibonisa ngomonakalo kuma-capillaries amancane we-fundus kanye noshintsho emalangeni. Ubuntu bayo bokuthi azivezi nganoma iyiphi indlela. Futhi ukuvimbela ukuguqulwa kwe-retinopathy yangemuva kwezinye izinhlobo zesifo, kuyadingeka ukubheka njalo amazinga kashukela wegazi.
I-Maculopathy
Kulesi sigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, isiguli sitholakala sinezilonda ze-macula, enendima enkulu enqubweni yokubona komuntu emhlabeni wonke ngesithombe. Kukulesi sigaba se-retinopathy lapho, njengomthetho, kunokwehla okukhulu kombono kwisifo sikashukela.
I-retinopathy eyandayo
Lesi simo sibonisa ngokuhlinzekwa komoya komoya okunganele emikhunjini ehlinzeka izitho ze-ocular, ngenxa yokuthi izikebhe ezintsha ziqala ukwakha ngaphezulu kwengemuva kwekhwama eliholela ekuguqukeni kwalo.
I-Cataract
Ngenxa yazo zonke izinqubo ezingenhla, i-cataract iqala ukukhula, ebonakala ngokukhanya kwelensi, lapho isesimweni esijwayelekile iba nokubonakala okusobala. Lapho ilensi iba mnyama, amandla okugxilisa isithombe nokuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinto ayancipha, ngenxa yalokho umuntu acishe alahlekise ngokuphelele umbono wakhe.
Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi kuma-diabetes, ikhathalogu litholwa kaningi kakhulu kunabantu abaphilile, futhi liziveza ngezimpawu ezifana nezithombe ezifiphele kanye nombono ongenathemba. Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kwe-cataralog akwenziwa, ngoba akuniki imiphumela. Ukubuyisela umbono, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kuyadingeka, phakathi lapho ilensi elimpofu lifakwa esikhundleni sokufakwa. Kodwa ngisho nangemva kwalokhu, isiguli kuzofanele sigqoke njalo izingilazi noma ama-lens okuxhumana.
Isibonelo esihle sendlela ukubukeka kwamehlo okubonakala ngayo
Imvamisa ngenkambo eyinkimbinkimbi ye-retinopathy ku-diabetesics, ukutholwa kwegazi elichitheka ngeso. Igumbi elingaphandle kwamehlo ligcwele igazi, okubandakanya ukwanda komthwalo ezinsweni zamehlo kanye nokwehla okubukhali kwezinsuku eziningi. Uma i-hemorrhage inzima futhi lonke igumbi elingemuva kweso ligcwele igazi, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha, ngoba kukhona ubungozi obukhulu bokulahlekelwa ngokuphelele kombono.
Ukwelashwa
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-retinopathy kwisifo sikashukela, zonke izindlela zokwelapha ziqala ngokulungisa ukondleka kanye nokwandisa imetabolism. Ngale njongo, kungabekwa izidakamizwa ezikhethekile okufanele zithathwe ngokuqinile ngokuya ngohlelo olunqunywe ngudokotela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli kudingeka ziqaphele njalo ushukela wegazi wazo, zisebenzise izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela, futhi zifake imijovo ye-insulin. Kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi zonke lezi zinyathelo zisebenza kuphela ezigabeni zokuqala ze-retinopathy. Uma isiguli sivele sinokulimazeka okubukwayo okubalulekile, khona-ke izindlela ezisetshenziswayo zokulondolozela umzimba azisetshenziswa, ngoba azinikezi mphumela.
Kulokhu, ukuqina kwe-laser ye-retina, okwenziwa kusetshenziswa izinzwa zangapha, kunikeza umphumela omuhle kakhulu wokwelapha. Le nqubo ayinabuhlungu ngokuphelele esigulini futhi ihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu emi-5. Ngokuya ngezinga lokulimazeka kokujikeleza nokuqina kwemithambo, isidingo sokuqina kwe-laser singenzeka kaningi.
Esimweni lapho isiguli sitholakale sine-glaucoma yesifo sikashukela, khona-ke ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- yezokwelapha - ama-complexes akhethekile afakiwe we-Vitamin kanye namaconsi wamehlo asetshenziselwa ukusiza ukunciphisa ukucindezela kwamehlo nokukhulisa ithoni ye-vascular;
- ukuhlinzwa - kulokhu, ukwelashwa kwe-laser noma i-vitrectomy kuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu.
Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yezifo zamehlo ezinesifo sikashukela
I-Vitrectomy uhlobo lokungenelela kokuhlinzwa okwenziwa ekuchithekeni kwengilazi ye-vitreous, i-retina, noma ukulimala kusihlanganisi esibonakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-vitrectomy ivame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni lapho kungenzeki khona ukubuyisa ukusebenza kwezitho zombono kusetshenziswa ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa. Le nqubo yenziwa kuphela ngokusetshenziswa kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile.
Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi uma inkambo yesifo sikashukela ibonakaliswa ukukhubazeka okubukwayo, khona-ke awudingi ukudonsela isikhathi. Ngokwami, lesi simo ngeke sidlule, ngokuzayo, umbono uzokwanda. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonana nodokotela ngesikhathi esifanele futhi uhlole i-fundus. Ukuphela kwesinqumo esifanele kulesi simo ukuhambisana nazo zonke izincomo zikadokotela ozifundelayo, ukugcina impilo enempilo nokubheka njalo ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela.
