Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kuyasiza ngisho nakubantu abaphilile, ngoba bayasiza ukuzizwa besesimweni esihle nokugcina amandla omzimba esezingeni eliphakeme. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi lokhu akuphathelene nabasubathi abaqeqeshiwe, kodwa ngabantu abaphila impilo enempilo futhi abazibandakanya nezinhlobo ezikhanyayo zomsebenzi womzimba. Imfundo ejwayelekile yomzimba ayilayishi uhlelo lwezinhliziyo kakhulu, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo kuphela. Isifo sikashukela mellitus nemidlalo ezimweni eziningi kuyahambisana ngokuphelele, kepha ukuze ungalimazi umzimba wakho, ngaphambi kokuqala noma yisiphi isikhathi sokuqeqeshwa udinga ukubonana nodokotela futhi uphumelele zonke izivivinyo ezidingekayo.
Izinzuzo zomzimba
Ukuvivinya umzimba ngokulinganiselayo kunomthelela omuhle emzimbeni womuntu ogulayo: bathuthukisa imetabolism futhi basize ukugcina ushukela wegazi ojwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imidlalo elula ingathuthukisa isimo sezicubu zomgogodla, iqede izinhlungu emuva futhi inciphise inqubo yokuguga kancane. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi uluhlobo luni lwesifo sikashukela, nendlela efanele, ukuvivinya umzimba ngokulinganisela kuthinta umzimba womuntu.
Nayi eminye yemiphumela emihle ebhalwe ngokuzivocavoca njalo:
- ukunciphisa umzimba;
- ukuqinisa uhlelo lwenhliziyo;
- ukuqina kokuqina kwamafutha emzimbeni, okuholela ekuncipheni kwezinga le-cholesterol embi;
- ukulungiswa kweshukela egazini;
- ukuthuthukiswa kokulala;
- ukuvikela ekucindezelekeni nasekuxinekeni ngokomzwelo;
- ukukhulisa ukuzwela kwezicubu kwe-insulin.
Izincomo ezijwayelekile
Lapho uzijwayeza noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezemidlalo kwabanesifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa ukuthi inhloso yamakilasi akukhona ukubeka irekhodi, kodwa ukuqinisa impilo yakho. Ngakho-ke, ungaziqeqesheli ukugqoka, ulethe ukushaya kwenhliziyo isigqi esimnandi. Ukuze ezemidlalo zizuze, kufanele ulandele imithetho ethile:
Ukuzivocavoca umzimba ukuze uthole isifo sikashukela- Ngaphambi kokuqala umdlalo omusha noma lapho ukwandisa imithwalo, kubalulekile ukuhlala ubonana nodokotela;
- Ukudla kufanele kulungiswe, kuye ngemvamisa nokuqina kwamakilasi;
- Musa ukweqa ukudla (kanye nokudla ngokweqile) ngalezo zinsuku lapho umuntu onesifo sikashukela enza imithambo yokuzivocavoca;
- udinga ukuqapha imizwa yakho uqobo futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukunciphisa izinga lomthwalo;
- ukuvivinya umzimba kumele kwenziwe njalo.
Noma isiguli senza ezemidlalo ekhaya, kufanele sikhethe izicathulo ezintofontofo. Akwamukeleki ukuzibandakanya nezinyawo ezingenazo izicathulo, ngoba ngesikhathi semfundo yokuzivocavoca, izinyawo zinomthwalo obalulekile, futhi ngesifo sikashukela, isikhumba semilenze sivele sanda ukoma, kanye nokuthambekela kokwenza imifantu nezilonda eziyizithuku. Uma umuntu onesifo sikashukela ejwayele ukudlala ngezinyawo izicathulo (ngisho nakumbhobho othambile), lokhu kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwesifo sikashukela sikashukela. Ukubonakaliswa kwayo kungukuphulwa kokuzwela okubucayi kwemilenze, amanxeba okuphulukiswa okude nezilonda, futhi ezimweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ngisho ne-gangrene, ngakho-ke kungcono ukugwema ukulimala kanye nokukhula kwengcindezi emaphethelweni aphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho uzivocavoca ungafake zinyawo, umthwalo emahlombe amadolo uyakhuphuka, futhi ngokushesha, ngisho nangemva kokuzivocavoca okulula, ubuhlungu bokudubula emadolweni kungaqala ukuphazamisa umuntu lapho ehamba futhi ehamba. Ngakho-ke, ukuthi imfundo yasemzimbeni ayibangeli ukuwohloka enhlalakahleni, kubalulekile ukukhetha amasudi anethezekayo abamba unyawo lwakho kahle. Kuyadingeka futhi nokunakekela izingubo zezemidlalo - kufanele zenziwe ngezinto zemvelo ukuze isikhumba siphefumule futhi ukushintshanisa nokushisa kusebenza kahle ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukumelana ne-insulin kuya ngesilinganiso sesisindo semisipha kanye nezicubu ze-adipose. Amafutha amaningi azungeze izicubu, kuba kubi kakhulu ukuzwela kwawo ku-insulin, ngakho-ke ezemidlalo zisiza ukwenza le nkomba ibe ngejwayelekile.
Ukwehla kwesisindo
Ngesikhathi semidlalo, izicubu zomzimba zithola umoya-mpilo omningi kunasesimweni sokuvuseleleka. Ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa, imetabolism yomuntu iyasheshiswa futhi ama-endorphin ayakhululwa - okubizwa ngokuthi “ama-hormone enenjabulo” (yize ngesimo sezinto eziphilayo ezinazo izinto ezingezona izinto ze-hormonal). Ngenxa yalokhu, isifiso sokudla okumnandi sincishiswa kakhulu, umuntu uqala ukudla amaprotheni amaningi nama-carbohydrate amancane.
Ezemidlalo zinomphumela omuhle kumandla esisindo, futhi ukuncipha kwesisindo kushesha. Ngesikhathi semfundo yokuzivocavoca umzimba, inani elithile lama-kilojoule liyadliwa, yize ukuhlangana okuyinhloko kokuzivocavoca ukunciphisa umzimba namanje akuyona iphuzu. Ukuzivocavoca okusesilinganisweni kuyasheshisa imetabolism, ekuvumela ukuthi ushise kahle kakhulu i-fat ngokweqile, ngisho nasendaweni ezolile naphakathi kokulala.
Imidlalo efanelekayo
Iningi leziguli likhathazekile ngombuzo, kungenzeka yini ukudlala imidlalo enoshukela? Uma umuntu engenazo izinkinga ezinzima futhi ezinzima noma izifo ezihlangene, ukuvivinya umzimba ngokulinganisela kuzomzuzisa kuphela. Abanesifo sikashukela kufanele banikeze ukukhetha kulezi zinhlobo zemithwalo:
- ukuzola kugijime;
- ukubhukuda
- ukugibela ibhayisekili;
- ukuqina
- zumba (uhlobo lomdanso wokuqina).
Uma isiguli singakaze sidlale imidlalo, kungakuhle ukuthi uqale ngokuhamba okulula. Ukuhamba emoyeni omusha kuzoqinisa hhayi kuphela izicubu, kepha nesistimu yenhliziyo futhi uzokwazi ukulungiselela umzimba ukucindezelwa okukhulu kakhulu.
Kuyinto engathandeki ukuthi abanesifo sikashukela bangenele ezemidlalo ezibandakanya ukuphefumula isikhathi eside ukubamba inhalation kanye nokujika kwekhanda okubukhali. Lokhu kungathinta kabi isimo sobuchopho ne-retina, ngaleyo ndlela abahlushwa ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine. Indlela elula yokubona ubukhulu bomthwalo ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokujuluka nokuphefumula. Ngokuqeqeshwa okufanele, isiguli kufanele ngezikhathi ezithile sizwe ukujuluka okuncane, kepha ukuphefumula kwakhe kufanele kumvumele ukuba akhulume ngokukhululeka.
Ukulungiswa kwemithamo ye-insulin kwezemidlalo
Njengomthetho, ukuvivinya umzimba kwehlisa ushukela wegazi, kepha ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile bangalikhulisa futhi. Lokhu kumele kubhekwe lapho kwenziwa uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa, ukuze kungalimazi impilo futhi kungabi nzima kakhulu ngesifo sikashukela.
Ukuzivocavoca njalo emidlalweni ekhanyayo kukhulisa ukuzwela kwezicubu kuya ku-insulin, ngenxa yokuthi isiguli singadlula isikhathi sibize imithamo emincane ye-hormone yokwelashwa
Lapho udweba uhlelo lokudla lwansuku zonke kanye nomjovo, kuyadingeka ukubheka isikhathi nobungako bezemidlalo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukuzwela izicubu ezifanayo kwe-insulin kuphikelela ngisho ezinsukwini eziyi-14 ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa. Ngakho-ke, uma isiguli sazi ukuthi sinekhefu elifushane emakilasini (ngokwesibonelo, eholidini noma uhambo lwebhizinisi), kungenzeka, kakhulu, ngeke sidinge ukulungiswa kwe-insulin ngalesi sikhathi. Kodwa kunoma yikuphi, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ngokulinganisa okujwayelekile kwamazinga kashukela wegazi, ngoba umzimba womuntu ngamunye unezimpawu zomuntu ngamunye.
Izindlela Zokuphepha Nezokusebenza
Uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa olukhethwe kahle lusiza isiguli ukuthi sinciphise ubungozi besifo futhi silondoloze impilo enhle isikhathi eside. Ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kuhlangabezane nalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- amakilasi kufanele abanjwe imizuzu engama-30-60 ngosuku izikhathi ezingama-5-7 ngesonto;
- ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa, isiguli sithola izicubu zemisipha futhi siphulukane namafutha omzimba ngokweqile;
- ezemidlalo zilungele isiguli, kucatshangelwa izinkinga ezikhona zesifo sikashukela nezifo ezingamahlalakhona ezihlobene;
- ukuqeqeshwa kuqala ngokufudumala, futhi umthwalo ngesikhathi sawo ukhula kancane kancane;
- ukuzivocavoca kwamandla kwemisipha ethize ayiphindwa kaningi kunesikhathi esisodwa ezinsukwini ezi-2 (kufanele zishintshwe ukuze zisabalalise ngokulinganayo umthwalo);
- ukuqeqeshwa kumnandi.
Ekuqaleni, kungaba nzima ukuthi isiguli esinesifo sikashukela sizitholele emfundweni yomzimba. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubantu abanesifo sohlobo 2, ngoba emidlalweni yobudala obuphakathi nobudala bunzima kakhulu. Kepha kubalulekile ukukhetha umzimba owuthandayo bese uzama ukuwenza nsuku zonke, kancane kancane ukhulisa isikhathi namandla we-Workout. Ukubona imiphumela yokuqala emihle, abanesifo sikashukela abaningi baqala ukufuna ukuyenza. Ukungabikho kokuphefumula, ukulala okuthuthukile nemizwa yokunciphisa umzimba, kanye nokwehliswa kwesisindo ngokweqile kukhuthaza iziguli ukuthi zingashiyi amakilasi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezemidlalo zinciphisa ukuthuthuka kanye nokuqhubekela phambili kwezifo ezinjenge-hypertension kanye ne-atherossteosis.
Ukukhuphula amazinga eglucose kwezemidlalo
Ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, amazinga kashukela wegazi awakwazi nje ukuncipha, kodwa futhi anda. Uma umuntu eqeqesha kakhulu noma eganisene umshado, ngokwesibonelo, ukwenza isisindo somzimba, kuhlale kuyingcindezi yomzimba. Ukuphendula kulokhu, ama-hormone afana ne-cortisol, adrenaline, njll. Akhishwa emzimbeni, enza kuguqulwe i-glycogen ibe ushukela esibindini. Kubantu abanempilo, ama-pancreas akha inani elidingekayo le-insulin, ngakho-ke izinga likashukela wegazi alikhuphuki ngaphezu kokujwayelekile. Kodwa kuma-diabetes, konke kwenzeka ngendlela ehlukile ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic.
Nge-mellitus yesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin, kokubili ukwanda kanye nokwehla okunamandla kashukela kungenzeka. Konke kuncike kumthamo we-insulin esebenza ngokubambelela ophathiswe umuntu ekuseni ngosuku lokuzivocavoca ngokweqile. Uma i-hormone esegazini incane kakhulu, i-hyperglycemia ingahle ikhule, okucasulayo ukuwohloka kwenhlala-kahle nokukhula kwezinkinga zesifo. Ngokuhlushwa okwanele kwe-insulin, kuzoba nomphumela owandisiwe (ngenxa yemidlalo), ozoholela ku-hypoglycemia. Zombili izimo zokuqala nezesibili zilimaza umzimba wesiguli, zingaholela ngisho nokufakwa esibhedlela esibhedlela, ngakho-ke abanesifo sikashukela benqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuthi bangenele imidlalo esindayo.
Nge-Type 2 sikashukela, ushukela ungakhuphuka kakhulu, kepha wenze ngokwejwayelekile isikhathi, konke kuncike ekutheni umsebenzi we-pancreatic umbi kangakanani. Kepha iqiniso liwukuthi ngisho nokuxhuma okwesikhashana ekugxilweni kwe-glucose egazini kuthinta kabi isimo semithambo yegazi, i-retina ne-nerve endings.
Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela esingancikileli i-insulin nazo zingcono ukunikeza kuqala imfundo yenyama futhi zigxile enhlalakahleni yazo.
Ungakugwema kanjani i-hypoglycemia?
Ukuvikela umzimba ekwehlekeni okubukhali koshukela wegazi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, udinga:
- thatha izilinganiso ze-glucose ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa, nokuthi umuntu uzizwa nje indlala ebukhali, isiyezi, ukoma nobuthakathaka;
- ngezinsuku zamakilasi, kuyadingeka ukwehlisa umthamo we-insulin isikhathi eside (imvamisa kwanele ukuyinciphisa ngo-20-50%, kepha udokotela oholayo kuphela ongatshela ngokunembile);
- ngaso sonke isikhathi uphathe ukudla okunama-carbohydrate alula ekwakhiweni ukukhulisa izinga le-glycemia (ibha elimnandi, isinkwa esimhlophe, ujusi wezithelo).
Ngesikhathi sesifundo, udinga ukuphuza amanzi futhi uqaphele ukushaya ngamandla, kanye nempilo ejwayelekile. Umuntu kufanele ezwe umthwalo, kepha kubalulekile ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa akwenziwe ngamandla akhe onke. Uma ekuseni isiguli sithola izinga likashukela egazini, ngalolu suku kufanele siyeke ezemidlalo. Kulokhu, ukulimala okuvela ekuqeqeshweni kungaphezu kokuhle.
Ukulinganiselwa kanye nokuphikisana
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuqeqeshwa, umuntu onesifo sikashukela kufanele abonane nodokotela. Imidlalo izuzisa kuphela uma usondela kuyo ngokunakekela nangokucophelela. Lapho ekhetha uhlobo lokuqeqeshwa kanye nohlu lokuqeqeshwa, udokotela kufanele acabangele iminyaka yesiguli, ukubukeka kwakhe, ukuba khona kwezinkinga zesifo sikashukela kanye nesimo sohlelo lwezinhliziyo. Isibonelo, uma umuntu enengozi enkulu yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, imithwalo eminingi ingavinjelwa ngokwesigaba.
Ezigulini ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40 ubudala, udokotela angancoma ukuthi ubheke ngokucophelela ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca futhi ungakuvumeli ukukhuphuka kakhulu (ngaphezu kwama-60% umkhawulo omkhulu wemingcele). Isilinganiso esivumelekile sibalwa ngawodwana esigulini ngasinye, futhi kuyafiseleka ukuthi udokotela wenhliziyo oqeqeshiwe akwazi ukwenza lokhu. Ngaphambi kokuqala ezemidlalo, umuntu onesifo sikashukela kufanele abhekane ne-ECG, futhi uma ekhonjisiwe, abe ne-ultrasound yenhliziyo.
Ukuvinjwa kokuzibandakanya kunoma yimuphi umdlalo kuyinkinga enkulu yesifo sikashukela esidinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela. Ngemuva kokushintsha lesi simo, okungenani isinxephezelo esihlobene nalesi sifo, udokotela angavumela isiguli ukuthi senze ucwaningo lokuzivocavoca, kepha akunakwenzeka ukuba sinqume ngokuzimela ngokuqala kwamakilasi. Njengomthetho, ochwepheshe batusa zonke iziguli ukuthi zihambe kakhulu futhi zihambe zibhukuda (ngaphandle kokuntywila), ngoba ngaphansi kwengcindezi enjalo, ukweqisa kwenhliziyo, imithambo yegazi nohlelo lwezinzwa kungafakwa eceleni.
Isifo sikashukela singalawulwa ngempumelelo ngokudla, ngemithi nangemidlalo. Imithwalo inganciphisa umthamo we-insulin, futhi enkambisweni elula yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ngosizo lwabo, kwesinye isikhathi kungenzeka ukuthi kuqedwe ngokuphelele amaphilisi ukunciphisa ushukela. Kepha kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izinga lokuzivocavoca umzimba kufanele lilinganise. Udinga ukuzibandakanya njalo ohlotsheni lwakho oluthandayo lwemfundo yomzimba ukuze ujabule, futhi kulokhu kuzokulethela inzuzo kuphela.
