Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi okunzima ukuselapha. Ngokukhula kwayo emzimbeni, kukhona ukwephulwa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism kanye nokwehla kokuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin ngamanyikwe, ngenxa yalokho i-glucose eyekayo ukudonswa amangqamuzana futhi ihlale egazini ngesimo sezinto ezingama-microcrystalline. Izizathu eziqondile zokuthi kungani lesi sifo siqala ukuba khona, ososayensi namanje azikwazanga ukusungula. Kepha bakhomba ubungozi besifo sikashukela i-mellitus esingadala ukuqala kwalesi sifo kubantu abadala nasebasha.
Amagama ambalwa mayelana ne-pathology
Ngaphambi kokucabanga ngezinto eziyingozi zokuthola isifo sikashukela, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi lesi sifo sinezinhlobo ezimbili, futhi ngasinye sazo sinezimpawu zaso. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 sibonisa izinguquko ezihlelekile emzimbeni, lapho kungagcini khona i-carbohydrate metabolism kuphela, kodwa nokusebenza kwama pancreas kuphazamisekile. Ngasizathu simbe, amangqamuzana ayo ayeka ukukhiqiza i-insulin ngenani elifanele, ngenxa yokuthi ushukela, ongena emzimbeni ngokudla, ungafakwa izinqubo ze-cleavage futhi, ngenxa yalokho, awukwazi ukudonswa amaseli.
Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 luyisifo ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa lapho ukugcinwa kokusebenza kwamanyikwe kugcinwa khona, kepha ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, amaseli omzimba alahlekelwa umuzwa wawo we-insulin. Ngokuphikisana nalesi sizinda, ushukela umisa ukuhanjiswa emangqamuzaneni bese uzinza egazini.
Kodwa noma ngabe yiziphi izinqubo ezenzeka kwisifo sikashukela i-mellitus, umphumela walesi sifo munye - izinga eliphakeme likashukela egazini, okuholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo.
Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu ngalesi sifo yilezi zimo ezilandelayo:
Izimbangela Zoshukela Omkhulu- i-hyperglycemia - ukwanda koshukela wegazi ngale kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile (ngaphezulu kuka-7 mmol / l);
- i-hypoglycemia - ukwehla kwamazinga kashukela egazini ngaphandle kwebanga elijwayelekile (ngaphansi kuka-3.3 mmol / l);
- i-hyperglycemic coma - ukwanda koshukela wegazi ngaphezulu kwama-30 mmol / l;
- i-hypoglycemic coma - ukwehla kwe-glucose yegazi ngaphansi kwe-2.1 mmol / l;
- unyawo lwesifo sikashukela - ukuncipha kokuzwela kwemikhawulo ephansi kanye nokushintshwa kwabo;
- i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela - ukuncipha okubonakalayo kokuncipha;
- i-thrombophlebitis - ukwakheka kwama-plaque ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi;
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme - umfutho wegazi okhuphukile;
- i-gangrene - i-necrosis yezicubu zemikhawulo engezansi ngokukhula okulandelayo kwe-abscess;
- isifo sohlangothi kanye ne-myocardial infarction.
Izinkinga ezijwayelekile zesifo sikashukela
Lokhu kusuka kude kuzo zonke izinkinga ezihambisana nokukhula kwesifo sikashukela kumuntu kunoma iyiphi iminyaka. Futhi ukuvikela lesi sifo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izici ezingadala ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokuvimbela ukukhula kwazo okubandakanya.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1 nezici zako zobungozi
Uhlobo lwe-1 isifo sikashukela mellitus (T1DM) sitholakala kakhulu ezinganeni nakubantu abasha abaneminyaka engama-20 kuye kwengama-30. Kukholakala ukuthi izici eziphambili zentuthuko yayo yilezi:
- isiphetho sofuzo;
- izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane;
- ukudakwa komzimba;
- ukungondleki;
- izingcindezi ezivamisile.
Isisulu sokuqothuka
Ekuqaleni kwe-T1DM, isiphetho esenzelwa ifa sidlala indima enkulu. Uma elinye lamalungu omndeni ligula kulokhu kugula, khona-ke ubungozi bokukhula kwalo esizukulwaneni esilandelayo bucishe bube yi-10-20%.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuleli cala asikhulumi ngeqiniso elisunguliwe, kodwa mayelana nokuqagela. Okusho ukuthi, uma umama noma ubaba egula isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, lokhu akusho ukuthi izingane zabo nazo zizotholakala zinalesi sifo. Isimo esandulelayo sisikisela ukuthi uma umuntu engenzi izindlela zokuvimbela futhi ephila impilo engeyona, khona-ke usengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sikashukela eminyakeni embalwa.
Lapho behlonza isifo sikashukela kubo bobabili abazali ngasikhathi sinye, izingozi zesifo ezinganeni zabo zanda kaningana
Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma bobabili abazali benenkinga yesifo sikashukela ngasikhathi sinye, khona-ke amathuba okuba khona kwengane yabo ayanda kakhulu. Futhi ezimeni ezinje, lesi sifo sitholakala ezinganeni sisebangeni lesikole, yize zingenayo imikhuba emibi futhi siphile impilo esebenzayo.
Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane
Izifo ezingamagciwane zingenye yezizathu zokuthi isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 singakhula. Kuyingozi ikakhulukazi kulokhu izifo ezifana ne-mumps ne-rubella. Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi befakazelwa ukuthi lezi zifo zithinta kabi ukusebenza kwe-pancreas futhi ziholele ekulimaleni kwamaseli ayo, ngaleyo ndlela banciphise izinga le-insulin egazini.
Kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi akusebenzi kuphela ezinganeni ezizelwe, kodwa nakulabo abasesesibelethweni. Noma yiziphi izifo ezibangelwa yi-virus okhulelwe umuntu wesifazane ezikhulelwe zingadala ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 enganeni yakhe.
Ukudakwa komzimba
Abantu abaningi basebenza emafektri nasezinkampanini ezisebenzisa amakhemikhali, umphumela wawo owuthinta kabi umsebenzi womzimba wonke, kufaka phakathi ukusebenza kwamanyikwe.
I-Chemotherapy, eyenziwa ukwelapha izifo ezahlukahlukene ze-oncological, nayo inomphumela onobuthi emangqamuzwini omzimba, ngakho-ke, indlela abaziphatha ngayo iphindwe kaningana ikhulisa amathuba okuthola isifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala kubantu.
Ukungondleki
Ukungondleki kungenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Ukudla kwansuku zonke komuntu wesimanje kuqukethe inani elikhulu lamafutha nama-carbohydrate, okubeka umthwalo osindayo ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla, kufaka phakathi namanyikwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amangqamuzana alo ayonakaliswa futhi ukuhlangana kwe-insulin kukhubazekile.
Ukudla okungenamsoco kuyingozi hhayi ekuthuthukiseni ukukhuluphala kuphela, kepha futhi kuwukwephulwa kwamanyikwe
Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenxa yokungondleki, uhlobo 1 sikashukela lungakhula ezinganeni ezineminyaka eyi-1-2. Futhi isizathu salokhu ukwethulwa kokuqala kobisi lwenkomo nezilimozo zokudla kokudla kwengane.
Ukucindezelwa njalo
Izingcindezi zingabakhangisi bezifo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-T1DM. Uma umuntu ebhekana nengcindezi, kukhiqizwa i-adrenaline eningi emzimbeni wakhe, okunomthelela ekucutshungweni okusheshayo koshukela wegazi, okuholela ku-hypoglycemia. Lesi simo singesesikhashana, kepha uma senzeka ngendlela ehlelekile, izingozi zohlobo lwe-1 sikashukela zanda kaningana.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2 nezici zako zobungozi
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus (T2DM) lukhula ngenxa yokwehla kokuzwela kwamangqamuzana ukuya ku-insulin. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi ngenxa yezizathu eziningi:
- isiphetho sofuzo;
- ushintsho oluhlobene nobudala emzimbeni;
- ukukhuluphala
- isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.
Isisulu sokuqothuka
Ekuthuthukisweni kwe-T2DM, isisulu esenzelwa ifa sidlala indima enkulu kakhulu kune-T1DM. Ngokwezibalo, ubungozi balesi sifo ezinzalweni kuleli cala zingama-50% uma isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 satholakala kumama kuphela, kuthi ama-80% uma lesi sifo sitholakele ngokushesha kubo bobabili abazali.
Lapho abazali batholakala ukuthi bane-T2DM, amathuba okuba nengane egulayo iphakeme kakhulu kunaleyo ene-T1DM
Izinguquko ezihlobene nobudala emzimbeni
Odokotela babheka i-T2DM njengesifo sasebegugile, ngoba kuyo yikho kutholakala kakhulu kubo. Isizathu salokhu izinguquko ezihlobene nobudala emzimbeni. Ngeshwa, ngeminyaka, ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, izitho zangaphakathi "ziyaguga" nokusebenza kwazo kukhubazekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngobudala, abantu abaningi bathola umfutho wegazi ojwayelekile, okubuye kwandise ubungozi bokuqalwa i-T2DM.
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
Ukukhuluphala yimbangela eyinhloko yokwakhiwa kwe-T2DM kubantu abadala nasebasha. Isizathu salokhu ukunqwabelana ngokweqile kwamafutha emangqamuzaneni omzimba, ngenxa yalokho aqala ukuthola amandla kuwo, noshukela uba yinto engadingekile kuwo. Ngakho-ke, ngokukhuluphala, amangqamuzana ayeka ukuthola i-glucose, futhi ihlala egazini. Futhi uma umuntu phambi kwesisindo somzimba ngokweqile futhi ehola indlela yokuphila nje, lokhu kuqinisa amathuba okuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kunoma yimuphi ubudala.
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuvusa ukuvela kwe-T2DM hhayi kuphela, kodwa nezinye izinkinga zezempilo.
Isifo sikashukela sokutholwa kwesisu
Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa sibizwa nangokuthi "ushukela okhulelwe" odokotela, ngoba sikhula ngokuqondile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukuvela kwayo kubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal emzimbeni kanye nokusebenza ngokweqile kwama-pancreas (kufanele asebenzele "amabili"). Ngenxa yemithwalo eyandayo, iyakhathala futhi iyeke ukukhiqiza i-insulin ngamanani afanele.
Ngemuva kokuzalwa, lesi sifo siyahamba, kepha sishiya uphawu olubucayi empilweni yengane. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-pancreas kamama eyeka ukukhiqiza i-insulin ngesilinganiso esifanele, amanyikwe engane aqala ukusebenza ngemodi esheshayo, okuholela kumonakalo kumaseli akhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuthuthuka kwesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, ingozi yokukhuluphala esibelethweni iyanda, okubuye kwandise ubungozi bokuthola isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Ukuvimbela
Isifo sikashukela yisifo esingavinjelwa kalula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukufeza ukuvimbela kwawo njalo, okubandakanya izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Ukudla okufanele. Ukudla kwabantu kufanele kufake amavithamini amaningi, amaminerali namaprotheni. Amafutha nama-carbohydrate nawo kufanele abe khona ekudleni, ngoba ngaphandle kwawo umzimba awunakusebenza ngokujwayelekile, kepha ngokulinganisela. Ikakhulu umuntu kufanele aqaphele ama-carbohydrate angagayekeki kalula kanye namafutha we-trans, ngoba yisizathu esiyinhloko sokubonakala kwesisindo somzimba esithe xaxa kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesifo sikashukela. Ngokuqondene nezinsana, abazali kufanele baqiniseke ukuthi ukudla okuhlanganisiwe okutholakele kuyasiza ngangokunokwenzeka emizimbeni yabo. Futhi iyiphi inyanga enganikezwa ingane, ungathola kudokotela wezingane.
- Indlela yokuphila esebenzayo. Uma ungayinaki imidlalo futhi uhola indlela yokuphila, ungakwazi futhi ukuthi "uthole" ushukela kalula. Umsebenzi womuntu unomthelela ekushisweni okusheshayo kwamafutha nokusetshenziswa kwemali ngamandla, okuholela ekwandeni kwesibalo sama-glucose amaseli. Ebantwini abambisayo, imetabolism iyehla, ngenxa yokuthi izingozi zokuthola ushukela zikhuphuka.
- Gada ushukela wakho wegazi njalo. Ikakhulu lo mthetho usebenza kulabo abanesifiso sokuthola lesi sifo kulesi sifo, nakubantu “abaneminyaka engama-50”. Ukuqapha amazinga kashukela wegazi, akudingeki ukuthi uye njalo emtholampilo uyohlolwa. Kwanele nje ukuthenga i-glucometer nokwenza izivivinyo zegazi ngokwakho ekhaya.
Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi isifo sikashukela yisifo esingelashwa. Ngokuthuthuka kwayo, kufanele uphuze njalo imithi futhi wenze imijovo ye-insulin. Ngakho-ke, uma ungafuni ukuhlala wesaba impilo yakho, phila impilo enempilo futhi welaphe izifo zakho ngesikhathi. Le ukuphela kwendlela yokuvikela ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela futhi ulondoloze impilo yakho iminyaka ezayo!
