Uhlobo 2 sikashukela i-mellitus yisifo esisehlelweni, esibonakala ngokuncipha kokuzwela kwamangqamuzana omzimba ukuya kwi-insulin, ngenxa yalokho i-glucose iqala ukuhlala egazini futhi izinga layo liphakeme kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, uma ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, okukhona ukuthi kukhona ukwephulwa kokuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin, kudinga ukwelashwa okunye esikhundleni, lapho-ke ukuqeda izimpawu ze-T2DM kwanele ukuqapha indlela odla ngayo nokuzivocavoca njalo. Ukuzivocavoca ngohlobo 2 sikashukela kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa, ngoba, sibonga, kungenzeka ukuthi kulondolozwe amazinga eglucose wegazi ngaphandle kwemithi ekhethekile.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zomsebenzi womzimba ku-T2DM?
Ukuzivocavoca isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kumane kuyisidingo, kungenxa yokucaciswa kwalesi sifo. Ngokukhula kwayo, umkhiqizo we-pancreatic uhlala uvamile, ngakho-ke, inani le-insulin emzimbeni nalo lihlala lingaphansi kwemingcele evamile. Yizindandatho kuphela ezibhekene nokubopha i-insulin emangqamuzaneni kanye nokuthuthwa koshukela kuzo ezingasebenzi, ngenxa yalokho ushukela oqala ukufakwa egazini, kanye nalo i-insulin, ebingaboshelwa kuma-receptors.
Lawa ma-receptor atholakala kuzo zonke izicubu zomzimba womuntu, kepha iningi lawo izicubu ze-adipose. Lapho ikhula, ama-receptors ayonakala futhi angasebenzi. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi uhlobo 2 sikashukela luvame ukutholakala kubantu abakhuluphele.
Lapho lesi sifo senzeka, ngenxa yokuthi amangqamuzana aqala ukuzwa ukuntuleka kweglucose, isiguli sinomuzwa wokulamba ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi siqala ukudla ukudla okuningana, okuholela ekukhuleni okukhulu kwezicubu ze-adipose. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuvela umbuthano onobunzima, okungekho kubo bonke abaphumelelayo.
Khumbula ukuthi ukuvivinya umzimba ngaso sonke isikhathi kungazuzisa. Kwezinye izimo, zingaba yingozi kakhulu empilweni, ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngempela!
Kodwa-ke, labo abalandela izincomo zikadokotela njalo benze ngokomzimba. ukuzivocavoca, kukhona lonke ithuba lokuphula lo mbuthano futhi uthuthukise isimo sakho. Ngempela, ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba, amaseli wamafutha ashiswa ngentshiseko namandla ayadliwa, ngenxa yalokho hhayi ukuthi isisindo siqiniswa kuphela, kepha futhi nezinga likashukela egazini liyancishiswa.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imithambo yokuzivocavoca enesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 inomthelela ekujuleni kwesisindo namazinga kashukela egazini, imithwalo engaguquki inenzuzo kuwo wonke umzimba, ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuthembekile kwezinkinga okukhona kulokhu kugula. Okungukuthi:
- kunciphisa amathuba okulimala kokuphela kwezinzwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukuthuthukiswa konyawo lwesifo sikashukela ne-retinopathy;
- kwandisa imetabolism futhi kusheshise ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu, okugwema ukwenzeka kwe-gangrene;
- kwandisa ithoni yezindonga zemithambo, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukuvela komfutho wegazi ophakeme;
- kunciphisa inani le-angiopathy.
Ukuqeqeshelwa ukuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ngokungangabazeki kunenzuzo kubantu. Kodwa-ke, awukwazi ukubhekana nazo ngokungalawuleki, ikakhulukazi uma onesifo sikashukela enezinye izifo ezihlanganisa inkambo yokuqala. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukubonisana nodokotela oyi-endocrinologist nodokotela wezokwelapha mayelana nethuba lokwenza imidlalo yokuzivocavoca. Uma lokhu kungenzeka kusekhona, kufanele uvakashele udokotela okwelapha ngokomzimba ukuthuthukisa isethi yokuzivocavoca eyodwa ezokwenza uzinze isimo sesifo sikashukela.
Lapho wenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi wokuzivocavoca, udinga ukubheka inhlala-kahle yakho futhi, uma iba yimbi, kufanele uyeke ukuziqeqesha
Yini okufanele ibe umthwalo ku-T2DM?
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile ngohlobo 2 sikashukela kuyingozi kwabanesifo sikashukela. Abakwazi ukuvusa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hypoglycemia kuphela, kodwa futhi kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo.
Ukuzivocavoca kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kufanele kube okulinganiselayo futhi kwenziwe ngokulandela yonke imithetho. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka ukuqapha isimo somzimba wakho ngaphansi kwengcindezi futhi uma kune-tachycardia noma ezinye izimpawu ezingathandeki, ukuphazamisa ukuqeqeshwa. Uma okungenani eyodwa yalezi zidingo ingafinyeleli, ukushaja kungadala ingozi enkulu empilweni yakho. Ngokucophelela kufanele kube yilabo bantu, ngaphandle kwesifo sikashukela, abonwe ezinye izifo ezihlangene.
Lapho wenza izivivinyo zomzimba, ungalandelela isimo sakho ngedivayisi efana nesiqaphi sokushaya kwenhliziyo. Iqapha izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, lapho ungabona khona ukuthi umthwalo ulinganisele ngokwanele yini umzimba noma cha.
Uma lesi sifo siqhubeka ngezinga eliphansi, khona-ke ukusebenza ngokomzimba kungaba okukhulu. Kugwema ukuzuza isisindo nokuqongelela kwama-ketones egazini. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi nangemva kokuqeqeshwa, kubalulekile ukukala amazinga kashukela wegazi ukuze uqonde ukuthi ukuvivinya umzimba kuyimbangela ye-hypoglycemia.
Ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca ngeminyaka
Uma isifo sikashukela siqhubeka ngesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi sihambisana nokukhuluphala noma izinkinga ezivela ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo, khona-ke ukuqeqeshwa kumele kwenzeke ngejubane eliphakathi. Ukuzivocavoca okwenziwe ezingeni eliphansi ngeke kunikeze noma yimuphi umphumela.
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokuqeqeshwa nge-T2DM?
Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuzivocavoca ngohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela, udinga ukuzijwayeza imithetho ethile ezothuthukisa ukusebenza kwawo futhi wehlise ubungozi bezinkinga zezempilo ngesikhathi nangemva kokuqeqeshwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
Ukuzivocavoca ngesifo sikashukela- Ezigabeni zokuqala zokuqeqeshwa, amakilasi kufanele enziwe ngezinga eliphansi. Ukwanda kwesivinini nokwanda kwenani lezindlela kufanele kwenzeke kancane kancane.
- Awukwazi ukuyithatha esiswini esingenalutho, kodwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla ukudla, ukuqeqeshwa nakho akukufanele. Ukuzivocavoca okufanelekile amahora angama-1-2 ngemuva kokudla.
- Ukwenza zonke izinsuku akukufanele. Ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kwenzeke izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngesonto.
- Isikhathi samakilasi akufanele singeqi imizuzu engama-30.
- Lapho wenza izivivinyo zomzimba, kufanele usebenzise amanzi amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Kufanele idakwe ngemuva kokuzivocavoca. Lokhu kuzosheshisa izinqubo ze-metabolic futhi kusungule imetabolism yamanzi emzimbeni.
- Uma izinga likashukela wegazi lingaphezu kwe-14 mmol / l, kungcono ukuhlehlisa amakilasi, ngoba ngezinkomba ezinjalo noma yimuphi umthwalo ungavusa ukuwohloka okubukhali enhlalakahleni.
- Ngaphambi kokuya ejimini, udinga ukufaka ucezu kashukela noma ushokoledi esikhwameni sakho uma kungenzeka ukuthi ushukela wegazi wehla kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca kanye ne-hypoglycemia.
- Ukuzivocavoca kungcono kakhulu ngaphandle. Uma isimo sezulu singakuvumeli lokhu, khona-ke izivivinyo kufanele zenziwe endaweni enomoya omuhle.
- Amakilasi kufanele enziwe ezicathulweni ezikhululekile nezingubo ezenziwe ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme ezivumela ukuthi umoya ungene futhi uvumele isikhumba "ukuphefumula." Lokhu kuzogwema ukubonakala kokucasulwa nokuqhuma kwe-diaper esikhunjeni.
Isifo sikashukela isifo sikashukela yisifo, inkambo okufanele ihlolwe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Futhi njengoba kuthatha umuntu onesifo sikashukela ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukuzivocavoca kuye kufanele kube yingxenye yempilo yakhe. Kumele zenziwe ngentokozo futhi ngaphandle komzamo. Uma, phakathi nokuzivocavoca okuthile, uzizwa sengathi uzizwa kabi, kufanele uyiyeke uthathe ikhefu elifushane, lapho kufanele ulinganise khona umfutho wegazi noshukela wegazi.
Ngaphambi nangemva kokuqeqeshwa, qiniseka ukukala amazinga kashukela wegazi (bhala imiphumela kudayari), lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uqaphele ukusebenza kahle kokuzivocavoca nokuthi kuthinta kanjani impilo yakho
Contraindication
Ukulungisa amazinga kashukela egazi ku-T2DM, imijovo ye-insulin nayo isetshenziswa kaningi, njengaseT1DM. Futhi njengoba besiza ukunciphisa ukunqwabelana kwe-glucose egazini, kuhlangene nomsebenzi womzimba, bangakuvusa kalula ukuqala kwe-hypoglycemia. Ngakho-ke, abanesifo sikashukela kufanele bavumelanise ngokucophelela umthamo wemijovo ngokuzivocavoca.
Okunye futhi ukwephulwa komzimba ekusebenziseni ushukela kufaka lezi zimo nezifo ezilandelayo:
- izifo zamehlo;
- i-arterial hypertension;
- isifo senhliziyo;
- i-hyperglycemia ne-hypoglycemia;
- i-nephropathy;
- i-neuropathy.
Kepha kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi zonke lezi zimo nezifo zingukuthintana kwemithwalo enkulu kuphela. Ezemidlalo zabanesifo sikashukela kumele, ngakho-ke noma zikhona lezo zinkinga zempilo, azinakubekwa eceleni empilweni yakho. Kulokhu, udinga ukubona udokotela ukuze akhethe izivivinyo ezinesifo sikashukela, ezizokuvumela ukuthi ugweme ukuwohloka kwempilo yonke futhi ulawule inkambo yesifo.
Ukukhetha okukodwa kokuzivocavoca kwe-T2DM kusebenza kakhulu, ngoba kucabanga ngazo zonke izici zomzimba nenkambo yalesi sifo
Yikuphi ukuvivinya umzimba okufanele kwenziwe nge-T2DM?
Ungabona ukuthi yibaphi abanesifo sikashukela abatuswa ukukwenza kunoma iyiphi ividiyo echaza ngokuphelele inqubo yokuqalisa kwabo. Manje sizocubungula okubizwa ngokuthi yi-base, okufanele kwenziwe yiwo wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela. Kubandakanya ukuzivivinya okulula futhi okulula, okungukuthi:
- Ukuhamba lapho. Ukuzivocavoca kufanele kwenziwe ngesivinini esilinganiselayo, amadolo angenhla okhalweni awaphakanyiswa. Ukuphefumula kufanele kube ngisho nokuzola. Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuzivocavoca, lapho ukuwenza, ungasakaza izingalo zakho ezinhlangothini noma uziphakamise.
- Imilenze eswayipha kanye nama-squats. Ukuzivocavoca okusebenzayo kakhulu. Kwenziwa kanjena: udinga ukuma uqine, izingalo zeluliwe phambi kwakho. Ngokulandelayo, phakamisa umlenze owodwa ukuze izinzwane zalo zithinte amathiphu weminwe. Kulokhu, kuyathandeka ukuguqa ngamadolo. Okufanayo kufanele kuphindwe ngomunye umlenze. Ngemuva kwalokhu, udinga ukuhlala phansi izikhathi ezi-3 bese uphinda ukuzivocavoca futhi.
- Imithambeka. Kufanele zenziwe ngokucophelela, ikakhulukazi labo abahlushwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo: udinga ukuma ume nkqo, izinyawo zakho zihlukaniswe ngamahlombe, bese ubeka izandla zakho phezu kwebhande lakho. Manje kudingeka ukuthi unyakazise umzimba phambili ukuze kwakheke i-angle ka-90 degrees ngomzimba. Ngemuva kwalokhu, udinga kuqala ukufinyelela kumathiphu weminwe yomlenze ofanayo ngesandla esisodwa, bese wenza nolunye. Okulandelayo, kufanele ubuye esikhundleni sokuqala bese uphinda umsebenzi.
- Imithambeka enezinqe eziphothiwe. Ukuze wenze lo msebenzi, uzodinga nokuba ngukuthi, imilenze ibekwe eceleni ububanzi behlombe. Kulesi simo kuphela, izandla kufanele zifakwe ngemuva kwekhanda, futhi izindololonga kufanele zihlanganiswe. Kulesi sikhundla, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuthambekela phambili. Ngemuva kokutshekelwa ngakunye, udinga ukuqondisa kancane, usabalalise izindolowane zakho bese wehlise izandla zakho, bese ubuyela esimweni sayo sokuqala.
Kunokuzivocavoca okuningi okungenziwa nge-T2DM. Kepha bonke banokulinganiselwa kwabo, ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuqalisa kwabo, kufanele uthintane nochwepheshe. Lokhu kuzogwema ukwenzeka kwezinkinga zezempilo ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa nokuqinisa umzimba, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukuqhubeka kwesifo kanye nokuvela kwezinkinga ngokumelene nesizinda saso.
