Ukwanda kwesifo sikashukela akuxhomekile eminyakeni yobudala nobulili, ngakho-ke isifo sikashukela siyinkinga ephuthumayo efanele ezinganeni, kodwa kunomehluko owodwa obalulekile phakathi kokukhula kwalesi sifo ebuntwaneni nasebudaleni. Ezinganeni, isifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala noma esincike ku-insulin kuvame ukutholakala kakhulu, futhi kubantu abadala, kunalokho, isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili sivame ukutholwa - ukumelana ne-insulin. Njengoba lesi sifo sibi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ifomu elincike ku-insulin, ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ezinganeni kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngaphandle kokubekwa phambili kohlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela, kukhona futhi amacala okwenziwa kwefomu elilwa ne-insulin, ukuphathwa kwalo kuhluke kakhulu.
Esakhiweni sezifo ezingamahlalakhona ezingalapheki ezitholakele ezinganeni, isifo sikashukela sithatha isikhundla esihola phambili, esihambisana kakhulu nobuntu bokukhula komzimba wengane zisencane, futhi futhi kuncike ekusebenzeni kwamasosha omzimba. Kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin emzimbeni wengane kungazinzile, okuhambisana nomthamo wayo omncane. Ukwelashwa okuphumelela kakhudlwana kwesifo sikashukela sezingane, kubalulekile ukuba nokuqonda okucacile kwezimpawu nezimpawu zesifo. Khumbula ukuthi maduze nje lapho usola isifo enganeni yakho futhi ufune isiluleko sikadokotela wobuchopho, imiphumela emibi yesifo sikashukela ingaba yingozi empilweni yakho.
Izimpawu ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu zalesi sifo ezinganeni ezincane isifiso sokudla, ukwehla kwesisindo nokoma okukhulu
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni
Ngokukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwangempela enganeni, izimpawu zesifo zanda ngokushesha, okuphoqa abazali ukuba banake lokhu. Ukuqhubeka kwezimpawu ezinhlotsheni ezinzima kwenzeka emavikini ambalwa. Izimpawu zivela ngokulandelana okulandelayo futhi zanda ngokushesha:
- I-Polyuria - ukuchama kaningi - uphawu lokuqala lokuqala kwesifo sikashukela. Ezinganeni zeminyaka ehlukene, isibonakaliso siziveza ngezindlela ezihlukile. Kokuncane kakhulu, hhayi kuphela ukunxenxa okuvamisile ukuchama kungaphawulwa, kepha futhi namacala okuchama okungahleliwe, okuvame ukutolikwa ngokuthi ama-enursis, kepha inkinga imbi kakhulu.
- Ingane iba ebulalayo futhi ivinjelwe ngenxa ye-hyperglycemia enzima.
- Kunokoma okuqinile nokungaphatheki kahle.
Ngokushesha lapho kutholakala izimpawu bese isifo sitholakala, ayanda amathuba okugcina impilo yengane ingashintshiwe. Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni kufanele kuqale kusenesikhathi ukuze kuvikeleke ukuphazamiseka okubi kakhulu okuhambisana ne-hyperglycemia enzima. Uma isifo esingathi sína se-endocrine njengesifo sikashukela singelashwa, khona-ke lesi sifo siqhubeka ngokungenakuqhathaniswa nokukhula kwezinkinga ezinkulu ezivela ezinhlotsheni eziningi zengane. Lokhu kusongela impilo ejwayelekile. Ake sihlolisise izindlela zokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela, kuye ngohlobo lwaso. Ingane kufanele ibhaliswe emtholampilo, lapho ibhekwa khona udokotela kuze kube yilapho isikhulile.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin
Uhlobo 1 sikashukela ezinganeni luvame kakhulu ukwedlula kubantu abadala, futhi luqhubeka ngesimo esinolaka ngokwengeziwe, ngoba umzimba wengane awukakhiwa ngokuphelele. Kuthuthukisa ukuthuthuka kwalesi sifo ezimeni eziningi, noma yisiphi isifo segciwane izingane ezihlushwa ngaso. Isibonelo, i-rubella noma umkhuhlane odlulisiwe kungaba yisisusa sokuthuthuka kwezinqubo ze-autoimmune emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 enganeni.
Njengomphumela wokusabela kwe-autoimmune, amaseli we-beta esiqhingini saseLangerhans akhiwe ngamanyikwe aba ngamanye amazwe ebuthaka amasosha abo omzimba, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwezakhi zomzimba ezilimaza amaseli we-beta nokuphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Ngomonakalo ongaphezu kwama-90% amangqamuzana, kubonakaliswa ukubonwa kwalesi sifo emtholampilo, ngoba i-insulin iyekile ukukhiqizwa. Ngakho-ke ungalapha kanjani isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, ikakhulukazi uma sikhulile enganeni?
Umthetho oyinhloko wokwelashwa kwe-insulin ukuphathwa kwe-insulin okufika ngesikhathi futhi okunengqondo
Ukwelashwa esikhundleni
Ukuvimbela Ushukela EzinganeniUkwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, kusetshenziswa ama-hormonal therapy, aqapha ukwenzeka njalo kwegazi glycemia kanye nokuphathwa kwamalungiselelo we-insulin. Ukuqaphelisisa izinga likashukela egazini le-venous ezinganeni kunqunywa kabili ngosuku: ekuseni esiswini esingenalutho nakusihlwa ngaphambi kokulala, kungakhathalekile ukuthi kudliwani. Umthamo wamayunithi we-insulin uzobalwa ngqo ekudleni ngakunye futhi kuya ngokuqukethwe kwekhalori yezitsha, ukwakheka kokudla nobudala bengane.
Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin ezinganeni, i-insulin esebenza kancane ifakwa ikakhulu, ngoba, ngenxa yezici zokusebenza kwezinqubo ze-metabolic ezinganeni, ibekezelelwa kangcono. I-insulin yisidakamizwa okumele sisetshenziswe ngefomu lomjovo. Ezinganeni, kudalwa amapenseni akhethekile wesirinji, afakwe inaliti elincanyana ngomshini we-laser ukunciphisa izinhlungu kumjovo. Ukufakwa kwama-insulin kwenziwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba esifundeni sodonga lwesibeletho lwangaphandle, ingaphandle lesikhumba noma ihlombe.
Ukwelashwa okusizayo
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela imiphumela emibi yokugxila kwe-glucose ephezulu izicubu zomzimba ngesikhathi. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuvikela uhlelo lwenhliziyo, ngoba le endothelium iyaqiniswa. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-angioprotective, isibonelo, i-Actovigin ne-vitamini complexes, kunganciphisa ukwakheka kwama-cholesterol plaque, kwandise ukuqina kodonga lwe-vascular, futhi kube nemiphumela ezuzisayo kwezinye izitho nezinhlelo.
Ukufakelwa kweseli kwe-pancreatic beta
Le ndlela isesigabeni sokuvivinywa kwemitholampilo futhi iyahlolwa ngenkuthalo. Inzuzo eyinhloko yokufakelwa kwezicubu ze-pancreatic ukuncipha komsebenzi we-hormone ukufakwa esikhundleni sokwelashwa noma noma ukungabikho kwayo ngokuphelele, kepha imiphumela enjalo kude kakhulu izuzwe njalo. Le ndlela iqukethe ukwazisa izingulube kanye nonogwaja abakhishwe kuzicubu ze-pancreatic ohlelweni lwe-portal vein system. Njengamanje, le ndlela ayithuthukiswanga ngokuphelele futhi ayinakusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha ezibanzi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kunengozi enkulu yokwenqatshwa kwamaseli we-beta abanikelayo, okunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokufakelwa.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izingane zivame ukuhlushwa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esingalweli i-insulin, leli fomu linendawo okufanele libe kuyo. Umgomo wokwelapha ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ngamaseli e-pancreatic uqobo wengane futhi kunciphise ukumelana ne-insulin kwezicubu zomzimba. Okokuqala, ingane idinga ukuguqula indlela odla ngayo, ngoba imbangela enkulu yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ukudakwa ngokwekhalori ngokweqile. Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa kokudla sekuvele kunikeza umphumela omuhle futhi uyakwazi ukulungisa i-glycemia ngokuphelele. Ezimweni ezinezinhlobo eziphambili zesifo, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuyadingeka. Njengamanje, iMetformin, isidakamizwa esandisa ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana ku-insulin, sisebenza kakhulu.
Ukulinganisa ushukela wegazi kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuhlonzweni
Ukwelashwa kokudla nokuzivocavoca
Enye yemigomo ebaluleke kakhulu yokulungiswa kwe-glycemia yegazi, noma ngabe iluphi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela, ukwelashwa kokudla. Imigomo yokudla olinganiselayo, kanye nokwehla kokuqukethwe kwekhalori yokudla ngokunciphisa okuqukethwe kwayo okunamafutha nokudla okugcwele ama-carbohydrate asheshayo, kuholela ekuhlelekeni kancane kancane kwezindlela zabo zokudla ezinamandla. I-Endocrinologists ithi ukwelashwa okufanele kokudla kungaba nomphumela wesimo esimweni esivamile sesiguli, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezinamacebo wokucindezela anamandla amakhulu.
Ukudla kwengane kufanele kube nokuqukethwe okwanele kwama-khalori, akunakwenzeka ukususa amaprotheni nama-carbohydrate ekudleni, ngoba adingekayo ezinqubo ze-anabolic, ngoba ingane ihlala ikhula.
Ngaphezu kokudla okulinganiselayo, kuyadingeka ukulawula ukusebenza kwengqondo kwengane, ngoba ukungasebenzi ngokomzimba kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ekwakhekeni nasekuqhubekeni kwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni. Imithwalo eyanele ingakhulisa umsebenzi wezinqubo ze-metabolic futhi isize ukugwema ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ukwelashwa ngesimo esivumelana ne-insulin. Kubalulekile ukuthi imithwalo ibe yansuku zonke futhi ihambisane nobudala kanye nokukhula kwengane, ngoba imithwalo eyeqile nayo izokuholela emiphumeleni engathandeki nasempilweni engemihle.
Ngabe isifo sikashukela singalapheka?
Uma uzibuza ukuthi ngabe isifo sikashukela singalashwa yini, impendulo izoba mibili. Endabeni yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, ukwelashwa okubuyiselwe esikhundleni kuzoba impilo yonke, kungasiza ngokuphelele ukugcina isimo sinempilo phakathi kobubanzi obujwayelekile, kepha asikwazi ukulwa nembangela enkulu yalesi sifo - ukungabikho kokulondolozwa kwayo kwe-insulin. Ukwelashwa okunjalo akukwazi ukuthonya ngokuphelele zonke izixhumanisi ze-pathogenetic zalesi sifo se-endocrine. Yize kungenakwenzeka ukwelapha isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, singanxephezelwa ngokuphelele uma isiguli esincane siphathwa kahle. Endabeni yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ukwelashwa kungenzeka kulezi zigaba zokuqala zesifo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga nje ukuguqula indlela yokuphila yengane.
Ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwekalori kokudla nokwandisa ukusebenza komzimba ngisho nangaphandle kwezidakamizwa kungasebenza izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni futhi kunciphise i-hyperglycemia. Ezimweni lapho lesi sifo satholakala sekwephuze kakhulu, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa zomlomo ze-hypoglycemic, ezisiza ukulungisa kahle amazinga kashukela wegazi. Ukufingqa, singasho ukuthi kungenzeka ukwelapha isifo sikashukela enganeni, into esemqoka ukusola nokuxilonga lesi sifo ngesikhathi.
