Ngokulawulwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, indima enkulu inikezwa ekwelashweni kwe-insulin. Ngohlobo lwesibili lwesifo, umsebenzi osizayo uhlala nezidakamizwa. Ukudla nakho kuhlukile kancane. Esimweni sokuqala, ingemuva lokwelashwa. Esikhathini sesibili - ukudla endaweni eholayo. Izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela wegazi zibizwa ngokuthi amaphilisi. Lokhu kuqokomisa indlela yabo yokujova kwama-insulin ama-insulin. Imithi inqunywe yi-endocrinologist. Udinga ukwazi igama elijwayelekile lezokwelapha leqembu negama ekhemisi elithile lomenzeli we-hypoglycemic.
Isimo sezidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic zomlomo
Uhlu lwama-ejenti wemithi weziguli ze-endocrinological lukhulu. Alikho igama elilodwa lokuhweba ngomuthi ngamunye. Izidakamizwa zokunciphisa ushukela wegazi zibonakala njengama-insulin. Amacwecwe asezingeni noma emichilo yepulasitiki. Zigcwele emabhokisini amakhadibhodi lapho kukhonjiswa khona amagama abo nemininingwane eyengeziwe (impilo yeshelufu, izimo zokubekisa). Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi imikhiqizo ephelelwe isikhathi ayivunyelwe.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ngemithi ye-hypoglycemic:
- ukuqala kwesenzo (kubhekwa kusukela ngesikhathi sokwamukelwa);
- isikhathi lapho ikhambi liqala ukubonakala ngempumelelo ephezulu;
- ubude besikhathi sokuphakama;
- ukunqamuka kokugcina kokuvezwa kwezidakamizwa.
Ithuluzi elifanayo lingaba sesimweni samathebhulethi amakhulu namancane. Isibonelo, ifomethi ehlukile ye-mannyl iqukethe, ngokulandelana, i-0.005 g ne-0,0015 g. Isiguli esinesifo sikashukela akufanele sinake hhayi kuphela igama lomuthi, kodwa futhi nokuthi yimiphi imithamo ebekelwe yona ngudokotela.
Kubantu abahlukahlukene ngisho nakumuntu oyedwa, kepha ngesimo esehlukile, amaphilisi enza ngendlela yabo. Zihluke ngokuphelele izici zesikhashana zezidakamizwa. Isibonelo, ubude besikhathi sokusebenza kwe-chlorpropamide ehlobene ne-PSM bususelwa emahoreni angama-60, we-buformin eqenjini le-Biguanide - amahora ayi-6.
Isiguli se-endocrinological sidinga ukukhethwa okucacile kwekhambi elifanele kuphela noma yinkimbinkimbi yezokwelapha. Umehluko omkhulu ngamandla emiphumela yezidakamizwa. Ngakho-ke, i-butamide ibonwa njengobuthakathaka, isifo sikashukela silinganiselwe, futhi i-maninil iyona ehola.
Ukuhlukaniswa okunemininingwane kwama-ejenti we-hypoglycemic, iqembu le-PSM
Amaphilisi we-Oral (adliwa ngokusebenzisa i-oral cavity) amaphilisi okwehlisa ushukela wegazi anezakhi ezihlukile zamangqamuzana nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali.
Ngokuya kwalokhu, amaqembu amane ahlukile:
Ungaselapha kanjani isifo sikashukela- Imithi ekhuthaza ukwakheka (ukwakheka) kwe-insulin yomuntu uqobo ilungiselela i-sulfonylurea (PSM).
- AmaBiguanides akhulisa ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana kuyi-hormone.
- Ama-inhibitors we-Alpha glucosidase anciphisa ukufakwa kweglucose egazini emathunjini.
- Ama-Sensitizer (glitazones) akhulisa ukuzwela kwe-insulin ezingxenyeni ezixakile zomzimba.
I-PSM yona isetshenziswa emaqenjini amathathu ezizukulwane ukwelapha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ezidakamizweni zokuqala, i-butamide kuthiwa yathandwa kakhulu. Manje cishe asisetshenziswa. Isizukulwane sesibili simelelwa yisifo sikashukela kanye ne-mannil. Zisebenza ngempumelelo enkulu. I-PSM ibanga ukuthi ama-pancreas adale ama-hormone, akuvumela ukuthi wehlise ushukela wegazi.
I-Amaril - ummeleli weqembu elingaphansi le-pharmacological le-PSM, inezinzuzo eziningi phezu kwabanduleli bayo bokuqala. Imithi yalesi sigaba iyaziwa ezigulini ngaphansi kwamagama alandelayo: glimepiride, repaglinide (novonorm), nateglinide (starlix).
Kumkhuba wesikhathi eside wokusebenzisa ama-biguanides kwamanye amazwe, kubandakanya ne-USA, bekuvinjelwe ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kwabo
Iqembu leBiguanide
Ngokulashwa okufanele, imithi isiza uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela esikhulu ngokweqile sinciphise i-glycemia yabo. Ngaphambi kokunquma izidakamizwa ezisehlisa ushukela wegazi, ikakhulukazi i-greatuanides, i-endocrinologist kumele icabangele ukuphambana kwesiguli kusuka ezinhlelweni zokugaya nenhliziyo.
Inani elikhethekile lama-Biguanides ukuthi:
- ungawanyusi ama-pancreas ukukhiqiza i-insulin yayo eningi ngangokunokwenzeka, unciphise amandla okugcina ukuphuma emzimbeni;
- ukunciphisa ukufakwa kwamafutha noshukela kusuka emathunjini kuya egazini;
- ushukela udonswa kangcono, kwenziwa okunempilo okuphelele kwamaselula;
- ukwamukela akuholeli ekuhlaselweni kwe-glycemia (ukwehla okubukhali kwamazinga kashukela).
Ukushaya indiva ushukela ophansi kubhekwa njengeyingozi: amangqamuzana obuchopho ayabulawa yindlala, kukhona ithuba lokukhohlakala. Isiguli ngasinye kufanele sifunde ukuqonda izimpawu zazo ngazinye zesimo esiseduze. Ingasuswa ngamandla ngokusebenzisa ama-carbohydrate angagayeka kalula, okungcono ngendlela ye-liquid (i-lemade, itiye elimnandi, ujusi wezithelo).
Izimpawu zokuqala ze-hypoglycemia
Amaqembu asele emithi ekwehlisa ushukela
Indima ye-alpha-glycosidase inhibitors (acarbose-glucobay, miglitinol) ikhethekile. Azizithinti ngokuqondile izicubu ezithambile namaseli we-beta wamanyikwe. Ama-Inhibitors anciphisa ukwephuka kwe-glucose engxenyeni yokugcina yephepha lesisu. Ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi ekudleni aphulwe emathunjini aphezulu kuya kumakhompiyutha alula. Ngemuva kwalokho, ushukela udonswa egazini engxenyeni yalo engezansi.
Isenzo se-cleavage enzymes inhibit alpha-glycosidase inhibitors. Uma usengxenyeni engezansi, ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi awangenwa egazini. Kungakho uhudo, ukuqhakaza, kanye namathumbu kuqubuka njengemiphumela emibi lapho uphuza amaphilisi ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi.
Ama-inhibitors e-Alpha-glycosidase asebenza kahle nezinye izidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic, kufaka phakathi i-insulin. Kepha awukwazi ukuzinikela wena. Zingasetshenziswa kuphela ngabantu abadala. Thatha izikhathi ezi-3 ngosuku ngaphambi kokudla, uqaphe umthamo. Ngakho-ke, umthamo ophezulu nsuku zonke we-glucoboy ngu-0.6 g.
Ummeli wokuqala wezinzwa (ama-glitazones) - i-resulin - ube nokuhlangenwe nakho okungahlulwanga kwesicelo ekuziphatheni komhlaba. E-Russia, wayengabhalisiwe. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi umuthi wokwehlisa ushukela wegazi uzoshintsha izimpilo zeziguli ezinesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin esingazange sikubekezelele i-hormone eyakhiwe ivela ngaphandle. Ngosizo lwayo, kungenzeka ukunciphisa inani lemijovo nemithamo ye-insulin. Umphumela omubi we-resulin kwaba ukulimala kwesibindi. Iziguli kwakudingeka zenze ukuhlolwa kwegazi okune-biochemical njalo ngenyanga.
Ummeleli wesizukulwane sakamuva sama-glitazones - ama-actos - ama-endocrinologists anqunywe njengomenzeli oyedwa futhi ngokuhlanganiswa ne-PSM, ama-biguanides ohlobo 2 sikashukela. Izifundo zokusebenzisa kahle umuthi omusha ziyaqhubeka.
Ukwelashwa okungenzeka kwe-actosomes kuhambisana ne-insulin
I-Glitazones:
- khulisa ukuzwela kwamafutha nezicubu zomzimba kuma-hormone;
- ukunciphisa ukwakheka kwe-glucose esibindini;
- ukunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga zenhliziyo.
Ukuntuleka kwama-actos kuqashelwa njengokwenyuka kwesisindo somzimba wesiguli. Amazwe amaningi akhiqiza amaphilisi anciphisa ushukela. Okwenziwayo okudumile kubhekwe njengenkampani ehlangene yaseJalimane-French i-Aventis, iDanish Novo Nordics, i-American Novartis, iLilly.
Ukwelashwa ngemithi ye-hypoglycemic kanye ne-contraindication
Ngokuya ngecebo elikhethiwe lokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela, izimo eziningana zenkambo yohlobo lwesibili zingenzeka. Ukuthatha umuthi ngomlomo kulula ngokwemvelo kunokunikeza umjovo. Kepha yiliphi iphilisi futhi malini?
Izici okufanele uzicabangele lapho uthatha ithebhulethi:
- ukubekezelelwa kahle kwesisu namathumbu esiguli;
- ngasikhathi sini nokuthi yiziphi izitho ezikhishwe emzimbeni;
- ukuthi ifanela kanjani abantu ekugugeni;
- kukhona umphumela wokulutha;
- imiphumela emibi eyingozi.
Imvamisa, udokotela, ekutholeni isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, unquma ukudla okune-carb ephansi ngenani elincane lamafutha kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba okwanele esigulini. Inquma umuthi, ngabaqalayo - isifo sikashukela (okungenani noma isilinganiso esiphakathi, kuya ngokuhlolwa kweglucose yegazi).
Amathebulethi e-Hypoglycemic, njengomthetho, kufanele aphuzwe kabili noma kathathu ngosuku. Ngemuva kokuthatha kungakapheli ihora, isiguli kufanele sidle. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwegazi nenhlala-kahle, izidakamizwa zingashintshwa ngokulandelana, imithamo yazo ingashintshwa.
Umsebenzi omkhulu wokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ukwehlisa ushukela ukuthola amazinga ajwayelekile
Uma isidakamizwa esinamandla kakhulu kumthamo waso omkhulu (i-0,02 g ngosuku noma amaphilisi ama-4) singavumeli ukunxephezela isifo sikashukela, isiguli sizwa kabi (imodi ejwayelekile yokusebenza nokuphumula iphukile, ukubona kwamehlo kuyehla amandla, imilenze yakhe igugeke), khona-ke kusazobonwa ngokwenzekile .
Kungadingeka lokhu ukuya esibhedlela. Esilungiselweni sesibhedlela, kulula kakhulu kochwepheshe ukuthi banqume ukuthi bayeshintshela ekwelashweni kwe-insulin noma bayephuze ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-PSM ne-biguanides. Kukhona inketho yokwelashwa okuxubile: amaphilisi okwehlisa ushukela ne-insulin. Imvamisa, umjovo unikezwa ebusuku (amayunithi ayi-10- 20 e-hormone yezenzo ezinde), ekuseni baphuza amaphilisi.
I-Hypersensithi Kepha okuphambana okusetshenziswayo kwamathebulethi yisifo sikashukela 1 noma isigaba sokubola kakhulu ngenxa yokutheleleka, amanxeba, ukuhlinzwa, ukukhulelwa. Esimweni esiphuthumayo, isiguli siphoqelekile nganoma iyiphi indlela ukuxwayisa abasebenzi bezokwelapha mayelana ne-endocrine pathology ekhona.
