Kungani ama-pancreas elimele?

Ngeminjunju eyenziwe ekhaya esiswini esingenhla noma esiphakathi, isilinganiso sabantu abangama-3-5 kwabayishumi ubuso. Imbangela yazo ingaba ngumonakalo esiswini, duodenum, kwesinye isikhathi. Isifo sezinhlungu esivame ukuvezwa siba khona ngenxa yezifo zamanyikwe (ama-pancreas), okubizwa ngokuthi ama-pancreas. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, kusuka kubantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-100 ukusuka kubantu abangama-25 kuye kwabangu-50 abahlushwa iminjunju yobuhlungu be-pancreatic noma obungamahlalakhona.

Ebantwini, ama-pancreas atholakala ngaphansi kwesisu ngokushesha. Ikhanda layo lisondelene ne-duodenum, lapho kuvulwa khona i-lumen ye-pancreatic duct. Umzimba kanye nomsila we-gland, osimboze isisu kusuka ngezansi, useduze ne-hypochondrium yangakwesobunxele. Yindawo yokwakheka nokwakheka kwama-pancreas ochaza izici ezithile zesifo sezinhlungu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusondela kwezinye izitho zangaphakathi kungathinta nokwakheka kobuhlungu engxenyeni ephezulu yesibeletho.

Izici nezinqubo zokwenziwa kobuhlungu be-pancreatic

Ama-pancreas anesakhiwo esithile sangaphakathi kanye nemisebenzi ethile ebalulekile, ukuba khona kwayo okuchaza izimbangela nezinqubo zobuhlungu obukhulu noma obungamahlalakhona. Ngakho-ke, ujusi we-pancreatic, oqukethe inkimbinkimbi yama-enzymes wokugaya kanye nama-hormone, uqoqwa emzimbeni we-gland ungene ducts ezincane bese ungena ngaphakathi emathunjini amancane nge-duct enkulu ukuze uhlanganyele ngokugcwele ekugayeni kokudla. Kungukuba khona kokungalingani phakathi kwezinqubo zokwakheka kwejusi kumanyikwe kanye nokuphuma kwawo ku-duodenum okunquma indlela yokwakheka kwezinhlungu zezifo ezimeni eziningi zemitholampilo.

Isimo nendawo yama-pancreas kunquma ezinye zezimpawu zesifo sezinhlungu

Ingxenye eyinhloko yezimo ze-pathological ezihambisana nobuhlungu be-pancreatic iqala ukwakheka njengomphumela woshintsho kuma-ducts e-pancreatic. Noma yikuphi ukwephulwa kwe-patency yabo ngenxa yokwakheka kwezixakaxaka ezixakile noma ukucindezela okuvela ngaphandle kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi imfihlo yesitho iqongelela izicubu zayo bese iqala ukucasula kakhulu ama-receptors wezinzwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-constriction yomthambo wegazi yenzeka, obangela ukwephulwa kwe-microcirculation kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-ischemia ye-gland (ukufa kwezicubu ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo). Ngenxa yalokhu, inqwaba yezinhlungu ifakwa phakathi kwabaqhuba izinzwa ingena ngokushesha ebuchosheni, yingakho isiguli sakha imizwa yobuhlungu obukhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu bawo buhlobene ngqo neqiniso lokudla. Ngesikhathi sokudla, ukusebenza kwamanyikwe kukhuphuka ngokumangazayo: kukhiqizwa ama-enzymes wokugaya kanye nama-hormone okuthunyelwa kwangaphakathi, okuvame ukungena emathunjini ngemigqa ngokushesha okukhulu. Okuqukethwe okuningana kwemidumba kanye nokuqina kokuqina kwabo, kulapho kubuhlungu kakhulu khona isifo sobuhlungu kumuntu. Lokhu yilokho okunquma ukwakheka kwesimpawu esinjalo sesimpawu sezifo ze-pancreatic njengokukhula kobuhlungu ngesikhathi sokudla futhi ngokushesha emva kwawo.

Enye indlela echaza ukuthi kungani i-pancreas ilimaza ihlobene ngqo nesimo sama-nerve receptors uqobo. Kungabizwa nangokuthi umphumela we-pathologies ekhona yesikhashana yesitho. Izinguquko eziba zimbi kakhulu kumanyikwe, kubuye kwakheke ama-receptors ebuhlungu, izimo eziningi zokwenziwa kobuhlungu obukhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakheka uhlobo "lombuthano onobubi": ukwanda kobuhlungu nokubhubhisa inqubo ye-pancreas, ngokushesha ukwanda kwenani lama-receptors ezinobuhlungu.

Ukuqina okunganele kwama-dancts e-pancreatic kuyisimo esibalulekile ekwakhekeni kwezinhlungu.

Esiswini sangaphezulu nesiphakathi, kungalimaza ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, hhayi kuphela njengomphumela we-pancreatic pathologies. Ngokuvamile, izinhlungu ngokwezimpawu zalo zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili:

1. Ubuhlungu obuqhamuka ngezikhathi ezithile, obuhlala izinsuku ezi-1 kuye kweziyi-10, kepha bube nezikhala ezinde zokuphikisana (izinyanga nezeminyaka).
2. Ukuhlaselwa kobuhlungu obujwayelekile, imvamisa yesikhathi esiyi-1 ngeviki noma izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngenyanga, kanti izinhlungu zinamandla futhi zibuhlungu, ngokuwohloka okubalulekile esimweni esejwayelekile sesiguli.

I-epicenter of pain ihlala itholakala esiswini esingaphezulu maphakathi nendawo, endaweni yokubekwa kwekhanda le-pancreatic kanye ne-duct yayo exretory. Imvamisa kuba khona i-irradiation (isatshalaliswa) ngohlobo lwebhande, imvamisa ngasohlangothini lwesobunxele, eceleni kwendawo yomzimba nomsila wesitho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu zobuhlungu zingahambisana nezinye izinkomba zokugula: isicanucanu, ukugabha, ukuqunjelwa noma isifo sohudo, umkhuhlane, imizwa, ukuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla.

Izifo ezenzeka nobuhlungu kumanyikwe

Kunama-pathologies ahlukahlukene wesitho lapho inqubo yokuvuvukala, isimila, i-fibrous, i -uterutional noma i-degenerative ikhula khona. Ngayinye yazo, i-parenchyma (izicubu zayo) zomshudo iyabhujiswa, izindunduma ezinkulu nezincane, imithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi, abaqhuba izinzwa bayahlupheka. Kukhona ukucasulwa kwenani elikhulu lama-nerve receptors nganoma iyiphi inqubo yalesi sifo, echaza ukuthi kungani i-pancreas ishesha, ngokuba khona kwezimpawu ezithile zesifo sezinhlungu.

Zonke izifo, ngokusho kwendawo inqubo yokugula nokwakheka kobuhlungu, zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu alandelayo:

• i-pathology ye-pancreas uqobo;
• izifo zezitho eziseduze kwama-pancreas;
• Izifo zezitho zangaphakathi ezikude, okuthi kuzo kubonakaliswa kuzo izinhlungu kumanyikwe ”, okungukuthi, ngaphezu kwalokho kuzwakale yisiguli endaweni yamapancreas.

Imvamisa izinhlungu zihambisana nomkhuhlane kanye nokuwohloka okubukhali enhlalakahleni yesiguli.

Ezimweni eziningi zemitholampilo, izimbangela zobuhlungu kumanyikwe ziba ngenxa yomonakalo we-parenchyma nemicu yesitho. Imvamisa, lezi izinqubo zesimo sokuvuvukala (i-pancreatitis), eziqhubeka ngohlobo olubi noma olungamahlalakhona. Ngeshwa, i-neoplasms ehlukahlukene, i-benign noma i-malignant, nayo ayiyona into engjwayelekile. Izimpawu zokulimala kwe-pancreatic zingavela ngezifo zesisu noma i-gall bladder (cholecystitis, isifo se-gallstone), kanye ne-pathologies yezitho zangaphakathi ezinjengezinso, i-ureters kanye nomgogodla we-lumbar.

Isifo se-pancreatic

Ungakudambisa kanjani ukuhlaselwa kwe-pancreatitis

Kuzo zonke izifo zamanyikwe, okuvame kakhulu ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-pancreatitis, okunemvelo yokuvuvukala nokuwohloka. Leli yiqembu le-pathologies eluselwe kuzindlela ezimbili. Owokuqala ukwephulwa kokukhishwa kokususwa kwe-pancreatic emathunjini amancane, kanti okwesibili ukunamathiselwa kwenqubo yokuvuvukala. Umshini wokuqala "ubhebhekile" ezimweni lapho umuntu edebesela khona ukudla okufanele futhi okunengqondo, ukhetha ukudla okungajwayelekile, izitsha ezinamafutha nezinongo, kanye nokuphuza utshwala. Indawo yangaphandle engathandeki nayo inomphumela omubi, okungukuthi, amanzi nomoya kungcoliswe amagesi okuqothula namakhemikhali ahlukahlukene. Lezi zinto zinquma, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi kungani ingxenye ebalulekile njengokudla ingeniswa ohlelweni lokwelashwa, okungukuthi, ukukhetha kokudla okuthile, indlela yokulungiselela kwabo kanye nokugcinwa kokudla.

Indlela yesibili yokwakhiwa kwe-pancreatitis ihlotshaniswa nokuqala koshintsho oluwohlokayo nolokulimala kumanyikwe. Amajusi wokugaya aqukethe inani elikhulu lama-enzyme, ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuthutha ukuya emathunjini, aqongelela izicubu zesitho bese eqala ukusebenza kuwo, okuholela ku-lysis (autolysis), noma kuchithwe. Eqinisweni, ukuzidonsela kokudla kwendlala kuqala ngokudalwa kwempendulo ngesimo sokuvuvukala, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwe-bacterial flora (ukuvuvukala kwe-aseptic). Imiphumela yenqubo ebhubhisayo enjalo imbi kakhulu, ngoba i-pancreas inekhono elibi kakhulu lokuphinda lisebenze.

Imbangela ejwayelekile ye-pancreatitis ukuphuza utshwala.

Ngaphezu kwezici zemvelo, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kotshwala nokudla okungenampilo, izimbangela ezifana:

• izifo zezifo zomakhelwane - izinqubo zokuvuvukala esibindini (i-hepatitis), isisu (i-gastritis), i-gall bladder (cholecystitis), kubandakanya nemvelo yegciwane (mumps, hepatitis B, C);
• dysfunction (dyskinesia) ye-bile ducts;
• ukuhlinzwa kwesisu;
• ukulimala kwesisu;
• umuthi ongalawulwa;
• isakhi sofuzo.

Njengomphumela wezibalo, kuhlonzwa izici eziyinhloko eziholela ezinqubekweni zokuzilimaza ku-iron. Lokhu ngotshwala (40%), ama-gallstones (30%); ukukhuluphala ngokweqile nokukhuluphala (20%); ubuthi bamakhemikhali noma bezidakamizwa (5%), ukulimala (5%).

Ngokuya ngokuthi isimo sasemuva somzimba wesiguli siyini nokuthi yiziphi izici ezibangelwa ukugula okuqale ukusithinta, i-pancreatitis ingaba yimbi noma ihlala isikhathi eside. Esimweni sokuqalwa kwendlela yokuqina, amanyikwe aqala ukulimaza futhi abambe “ngaphansi kwesipuni”, ngokusakazeka kobuhlungu emuva, ohlangothini lwesobunxele nangakwesokunene (ibhande), nokwanda okusheshayo kobunzima bezinhlungu kuwuphawu.

Ubuhlungu banda amahora amaningana kufinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu elingabekezelelwa yiziguli ezinobunzima obukhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-pancreas ichitha izicubu zayo uqobo, ukwakheka kwe-foci yokuvuvukala, ukubhujiswa kwemithambo yegazi, ukwakheka kwezicubu zomzimba.

Ubuhlungu besisu esibuhlungu, kufaka phakathi imvelaphi ye-pancreatic, kuyinkomba yokulaliswa esibhedlela okuphuthumayo

Ngokwempilo, lezi zinqubo zibonakaliswa ngokuhlanganiswa kobuhlungu obukhulu kakhulu ngama-syndromes anjengalawa:

• ukudakwa (ikhanda lekhanda, umkhuhlane, ukubanda, imalaveve);
• ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo i-dyspeptic (isicanucanu, ukugabha okuphindaphindwayo ngaphandle kokukhululeka, ukuqhakaza), okuhambisana nokwakheka kwensimbi emhlophe olimini kanye nomuzwa womlomo owomile;
• igxuma ekucindezelekeni kwegazi, ukusuka ekuweni kuya ekuthuthukisweni kokufikelwa izibonakaliso ngisho nokushaywa kobuhlungu.

Ekulimazeni okungapheli kwamanyikwe, kubuye kubonakale izimpawu ezifanayo, kepha kuvezwe kakhulu. Ubuhlungu buvame ukubonakala ngokuhlaselwa njalo, ukunikela ngemuva, ukucasulwa ngotshwala noma ngamaphutha wokudla. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi eside, kuphuzi kwesikhumba nolwelwesi lwe-mucous lomlomo, ukuphuma komzimba, ukuncipha kwesisindo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpawu zesifo sikashukela kuyabonakala.

Kwamanye ama-pathologies we-pancreatic avela nobuhlungu, ukwakheka kwama-cysts, ama-pseudocysts, kanye nokwakheka kwesimila kungaphawulwa. Lapho likhulu ubukhulu bawo, kulapho kukhululeka khona ukucindezelwa kwezakhiwo zazo nemiqoqwana yesitho, kubuhlungu kakhulu lobu buhlungu. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala ye-neoplasm, izinhlungu zingaphawulwa yisiguli maphakathi nesisu sangaphezulu, noma kwi-hypochondrium yangakwesobunxele. Njengakwamanye ama-pathologies, ubuhlungu kulezi zimo buhambisana nobunzima bezinye izimpawu zomtholampilo.

Ezingeni elithile, isimila kumanyikwe siba yibuhlungu obukhulu.

Ezinye izifo

Eduze kwama-pancreas kukhona isisu, i-duodenum, i-gallder, kanye nesibindi, ngakho-ke izinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokwenziwa ekhaya zithinta izakhi zepancreatic. Ngakho-ke, ngesifo se-gallstone, lapho itshe livimba i-lumen ye-gallbladder duct, ukunwetshwa kwezindonga zayo kuqala. Isitho esandisiwe "sicindezela" kuzicubu ze-pancreatic, ezicasulayo izinzwa zaso zemithambo futhi sibangele nobuhlungu. Uma ukuvuvukala kuqala ku-gallbladder, khona-ke kungasakazeka kuma-pancreas, ngokubunjwa kwesithombe somtholampilo ohambisanayo nobuhlungu bendawo ethile.

Ubuhlungu "obuveziwe" kuma-pancreas buvame ukwakheka kuma-pathologies wezinso, ikakhulukazi kaningi ku-pyelonephritis eyingozi futhi engamahlalakhona. Kulokhu, ubuhlungu buphawulwa yisiguli hhayi esifundeni se-lumbar kuphela, esivame ukuvuvukala izinso, kodwa futhi namanyikwe, kanye nohlangothi lwesokunene nangakwesobunxele. Kuhlanganiswa nesifo sokudakwa kanye nezimpawu ze-dysuria (ukwephulwa kokuchama, izinguquko ezimeni zomchamo).

Ukugula kumanyikwe kungangena ezimeni ezahlukahlukene. Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa lobu buhlungu ngesikhathi, ucacisa uhlobo lwesifo bese uqala ukwelashwa kwaso.