I-insulin yi-hormone eyakhiwa ngamaseli ama-islets weLangerhans-Sobolev wamanyikwe. Umuthi ubandakanyeka ngokuqinile emetabolism ye-carbohydrate, ulawula amazinga kashukela wegazi. Izimo ezihambisana nokwanda noma ukwehla kwenani lezinto ezisebenza ngama-hormone ngenxa yezinqubo ze-pathological zidinga indlela efanelekile yokulungiswa nokwelashwa. Izimbangela zokuthola i-insulin ephezulu egazini kanye nezimpawu ezihambisana nakho kuyaxoxwa ngazo esihlokweni.
Imisebenzi ye-insulin nokujwayelekile kwayo
Umgomo oyinhloko we-hormone ukucubungula i-glucose nokulawula izinga layo. Lokhu kwenzeka kanjena:
- Imikhiqizo enama-carbohydrate ingena emzimbeni. Epheshaneni le-gastrointestinal, ushukela uyakhululwa bese ungena egazini.
- Izinga le-glucose egazini liyakhuphuka, okuba uphawu lokuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwe-insulin ngamanyikwe.
- I-hormone ibopha ushukela owedlulele bese iyithumela kudepho (isistimu yemisipha, izicubu ze-adipose).
- Kwimisipha, ushukela uphuka uye kumayunithi wamandla namanzi, bese izicubu ze-adipose ziphenduka zibe ungqimba lwe-lipid.
I-insulin inezinye futhi izinto ezibalulekile zomzimba womuntu:
- ukuthuthwa kwama-amino acid, ukulandelela izinto nama-lipid kumaseli nezicubu;
- Ukuqinisa umsebenzi wezinto zokwenziwa kwemisipha ngenxa yokwenza kusebenze ukwakheka kwamaprotheni;
- ukubamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokuthola kabusha;
- kusebenze umsebenzi we-enzymatic obhekene nokwakhiwa kwe-glycogen, ebandakanyeka ekugcineni kwezindawo ezinokweqile kwe-glucose.
Abesilisa nabesifazane banezinkomba ezifanayo. Ukunqunywa kwenani kwenziwa ngesisu esingenalutho, ngoba ngemuva kokudla ama-carbohydrate angenayo akhuphula izinga le-hormone. Kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-12, isikhathi sokusampula kokuqukethwe kwesifundo akunandaba.
Izinhlobo ezimbili ze-pathology zihlukaniswa ngokuya ngembangela yokwenzeka:
- okuyisisekelo
- okwesibili.
I-insulin iyinto ebalulekile ye-carbohydrate metabolism elawula ushukela wegazi futhi iqinisekise ukungena kwayo kumaseli omzimba.
Ifomu eliphambili
I-hyperinsulinism eyisisekelo inegama lesibili - i-pancreatic, okungukuthi, izizathu zokuthuthuka kwayo kuhlotshaniswa ngokuphelele nokuphazamiseka kwamanyikwe. Bangaba kanjena:
- ukuba khona kwenqubo ye-tumor (insulinoma);
- ukwehla kokushukela kwe-glucagon;
- ukukhuphuka kwenani lamaseli emfihlo;
- isigaba sokuqala sesifo sikashukela.
Inqubo yeTumor
I-Insulinoma iyi-neoplasm engatholakala kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yamanyikwe. Ukuhlolwa ngokomlando kukhombisa ubukhona bamaseli we-Langerhans islet ekwakhiweni kwawo. Ukonakala kwe-insulinoma ukuthi kungakhiqiza ngokuzimela i-insulin ngokuzimela, okuthi kukhuphule inani layo egazini futhi, ngokufanele, kubangele ukuncipha koshukela.
I-pancreatic tumor (i-insulinoma) - isimila se-insulin esithekela isimo se-benign noma esibuhlungu
Izinga le-insulin eliphakeme livame ukwenzeka ekuseni, lapho isiguli singakabi nesikhathi sokudla kwasekuseni. Ekuqaleni, izindlela ezinxenxa ukuzama ukulawula isimo somzimba, kepha ngemuva kokukhathala kwabo amaseli nezicubu zezitho ziqala ukuba nenkinga yokuphelelwa amandla, okudala ukukhula kwenqwaba yezinkinga.
Kwehliswe ukufihlwa kwe-glucagon
IGlucagon kungenye i-pancreatic hormone ekhiqizwa iziqhingi zeLangerhans-Sobolev, kodwa ngamaseli ayo we-alpha kuphela. IGlucagon ne-insulin zihlobene kakhulu. Uma i-insulin igcina amazinga adingekayo eglucose ngokunciphisa inani layo, futhi iphakamise ukugeleza kwezicubu zomzimba, khona-ke i-glucagon ilawula ukuwohloka kwe-glycogen kanye nokuvinjwa kokuqalwa kwayo, okusho ukuthi inyusa ushukela wegazi.
Isifo sikashukela sokuqala
Abaningi bazothi lolu uhlobo lwephutha, ngoba lesi “sifo esimnandi” saziwa yiwo wonke umuntu njengezinga eliphansi le-hormone. Yebo kunjalo. Kepha ezigabeni zokuqala, umzimba uzama ukunxephezela ukungabi bikho kwento esebenzayo. Ukwanda kwamazinga e-insulin kwenzeka ngokungathi kufomu elibambezelekile, futhi inani elilindelwe litholakala emahoreni ambalwa ukusuka lapho ukudla kungena emzimbeni. Izigaba ezilandelayo zesifo azihambelani nokuboniswa okunjalo.
Ifomu lesibili
Lolu hlobo lwe-hyperinsulinism (i-extrapancreatic) luba lukhula lungemuva kwale mibandela elandelayo:
- ngemuva kokukhipha kabusha kwesisu;
- i-neurosis;
- ukuzila ukudla;
- isifo sohudo esibuhlungu;
- ngokumelene nesizinda sokungcola okusheshayo kwama-carbohydrate ngumzimba (ukushisa okuphezulu, ukubanda, imithwalo eyeqile);
- galactosemia;
- isifo sesibindi
- Ama-pathologies we -gengenital yezinqubo ze-metabolic;
- ukonakala kwezindlala ze-pituitary and adrenal;
- amathumba amabi.
Ukuvuselelwa kwesisu
Isimo ngemuva kokukhipha kabusha esiswini sihambisana nokufinyezwa okuhlobene kwepheshana lesisu. Ukudla kungena esiswini esincane ngokushesha okukhulu. Lapha, ukumunyiswa kwenani elikhulu lama-carbohydrate, okudala impendulo enganele kusuka kumishini yokusebenza engafakwanga. Yena-ke uphendula ngokukhipha okubukhali kwenani elikhulu lezinto ezisebenza ngama-hormone.
Ukususa ingxenye yesisu kungenye yezimbangela ze-hyperinsulinism
I-Neurosis
Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sesimo esijabulisayo sohlelo lwezinzwa oluyinhloko, amaseli emfihlo wama-pancreas ayavuseleleka. Le nqubo yenzeka ngenxa yokucasulwa kwenzwa lobufazi. Ukugqugquzela kuphendula ngokwenyuka kwamazinga ama-hormone.
Ukulimala kwesibindi
Umshini wokubonakala kwenqanaba elandayo le-insulin egazini nge-hepatitis, cirrhosis, kanye nomdlavuza wesibindi uhambelana nokukhula kwe-hyperinsulinism nokwehla komkhiqizo we-glucagon. Futhi uma ubheka ukuthi isibindi asikwazi ukugcina i-glycogen ngamanani abalulekile, inani elithile le-insulin lihlala isikhathi eside.
Ama-tumors
Ama-neoplasms wesikhala se-retroperitoneal noma i-peritoneal space, isibindi, izindlala ze-adrenal, nezinso zingabamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni. I-Hyperinsulinism ichazwa iqiniso lokuthi amaseli we-tumor athatha inani elikhulu le-glucose egazini labo ngezinqubo ze-metabolic yomuntu siqu.
I-metabolism ye-Metabolic
Ingane ingakhombisa izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia ngenxa yezinkinga zokuzala ze-metabolic, ngokwesibonelo, ukungabekezelelani kwe-leucine. Le nto iyi-amino acid lapho kuthi uma idakwe, ibangele ukukhuphuka kokusebenza kwangaphakathi.
Izimpawu ze-insulin ephezulu
Izinga eliphakeme lezinto ezisebenza ngokusebenza kwehomoni liboniswa kanjena:
- kunesifiso esiqhubekayo, ngaphandle kokuthola inani lemikhiqizo elifanele emzimbeni;
- ubuthakathaka nokukhathala;
- ukukhuphuka kokujuluka;
- ukubukeka kokuphefumula komoya, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ungakanani umsebenzi womzimba;
- Ubuhlungu bemisipha
- ukubanjwa okukhokhisa;
- ukulunywa kwesikhumba.
Imiphumela ye-hyperinsulinism
Isimo eside samazinga e-hormone akhuphukayo siholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi engenakuphikwa.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhuluphala kanye ne-atherossteosis. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokucindezelwa kwe-insulin kokukhiqizwa kwe-lipase, i-enzyme ebhekene nokuqhekeka kwamafutha. Umshini ofanayo ubhekene nokuqanjwa kwe-atherossteosis, okucasulwe inani elikhulu lamafutha ne-cholesterol esegazini, efakwa ngesimo semidwebo odongeni lwe-vascular.
- Unezinkinga ngesikhumba nezinto eziphuma kuzo. I-insulin isebenza ukuthi kukhiqizwe ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha acid, okuholela ekukhuphukeni kwamazinga e-triglycerides nezindlala ze-sebaceous. Isikhumba siba yinkinga, sithambekele ekwakhekeni kwezinduna, izinduna, i-sheen yamafutha.
- Ukuvela kokuqina komfutho wegazi. Izinga eliphakeme le-hormone libangela ukuqina kwe-system yozwela enozwela. Ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthonya kohlelo lwezinhliziyo nezinso.
- Ukuvela kwezimila ezinesihlungu. I-insulin ithathwa njenge-hormone yokukhula kwamaseli we-atypical.
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kungenye yemiphumela yemiphumela ephezulu ye-insulin egazini
Imithetho yokulungiswa kwe-insulin
Ukunciphisa amazinga e-hormone, udinga ukukhawula inani lokudla ngosuku. Kubalulekile ukuhlela usuku lokuzila nsuku zonke izinsuku ezingama-7-10. Umzimba uqala ukusebenzisa ukunqwabelana kwamafutha ukuze kutholwe inani lamandla elidingakalayo, futhi izinga lama-hormone ngalesi sikhathi liyancishiswa.
Kanye nenkomba ye-glycemic yomkhiqizo, abantu abanesifo sikashukela abayaziyo, kanye nalabo abadla ngakwesokudla, kukhona inkomba ebizwa ngokuthi yi-insulin. Le nkomba inquma inani lezinto ezingama-hormonal ezidingekayo ukubuyisela izinga likashukela wegazi libe elijwayelekile ngemuva kokudla umkhiqizo othile. Kufanele ucabangele inombolo yamaphuzu we-AI ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa ukudla komuntu siqu.
Kuyadingeka ukwenza ukulungiswa kokudla: khawulela inani lama-carbohydrate ukuze kungabikho ukukhuthaza ngokweqile, kanye nokwengeza ukudla okune-fiber.
Ukuhambisana namathiphu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ulawule izinga le-insulin egazini. Kodwa-ke, akufanele ungasinaki izeluleko se-endocrinologist. Ukwelashwa okungeziwe kungadingeka, okufanele kunqunyelwe uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe kuphela.
