Amanyikwe siyisitho esiyingqayizivele sokusebenza. Lona ukuphela kwendlala yomzimba lapho kwenziwa khona imisebenzi ye-exocrine ne-endocrine. Ama-tumic abuhlungu noma ama-benign angakheka kumanyikwe. Ama-carcinomas ajwayelekile kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva ama-neoplasms abulalayo akhula esiseleni se-exocrine gland.
Abesilisa basengozini yomdlavuza. Ukuthola i-neoplasm kunzima impela. Isifo se-oncological sesitho sokugaya ukudla sinolaka ngokwemvelo, yingakho kubalulekile ukunaka izimpawu zokuqala ezisolisayo futhi uhlolwe ngesikhathi. Ukwelapha isimila se-pancreatic inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kunalokho.
Yini ebangela umdlavuza
Umzimba womuntu, ngeshwa, awunaphutha futhi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungahle usebenze, okubandakanya ukwanda okungalawulwa kwamangqamuzana aguquliwe. Amasosha omzimba ayayeka ukubhekana namaseli anjalo futhi ngokushesha umuntu uba ngumnikazi wesifo se-oncological. Ukuze ungahlupheki nge-oncology, izizathu ezidala ukubukeka kwayo kufanele zingafakwa eceleni.
Izici eziningana zinomthelela wokuvela kwesifo esingathi sína, okungukuthi:
- Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemikhiqizo kagwayi ekhulisa amathuba okuthuthukisa i-carcinoma ye-gland.
- Ukuphuza okuhleliwe kweziphuzo zotshwala.
- Ukuntuleka kwefayibha ekudleni.
- Isici sokuzizwa.
- Ukuba khona kwe-pancreatitis engapheli kanye nesifo sikashukela.
Ukuhlukaniswa kweTumor
Izinhlobo zama-neoplasms ohlelweni lokugaya uhlelo: uhlobo lwe-benign (ngokwesibonelo, i-intraductal mucinous), i-malignant (pseudopapillary, njll). Ama-Neoplasms (ama-endocrine tumors) angahlukaniswa ngokusho kwendawo (ngokwesibonelo, emsileni, ekhanda), kwi-histology, ekulimaleni kokusebenza. I-Neoplasms itholakala ekhanda, emzimbeni, emsileni, emixosheni, eziqhingini zeLangerhans.
Ngokuya ngomlando, isimila cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi sivela ngohlobo lwe-epithelial. Umthombo oyinhloko kuleli cala ama-non-epithelial tishu, imithambo yegazi yezinhlelo zokujikeleza kwegazi nezomzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsuka wamathumbu ungaba yi-dysontogenetic noma i-metastatic ngokwemvelo.
Ngokusho kokuhlukaniswa kokusebenza kwe-neoplasms, isimo singenzeka:
- ukuntuleka kokwephula umthetho;
- ukusebenza kokungaqiniseki;
- ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwesitho sokugaya ukudla (hypofunction noma hyperfunction).
Ukuntuleka kwefayibha ekudleni kuholela esiswini
Izimpawu
Kaningi, izimpawu ze-pancreatic oncology zingabonakala kuphela ezigabeni ezi-4 zesifo. Umuntu uhlangabezana nezinguquko ezithile zomzimba ngesikhathi sokukhula kwe-neoplasm aze abe usayizi ohlaba umxhwele futhi usabalale ngokwengeziwe emzimbeni. Njengomthetho, bafunda ngenkinga okokuqala kwi-ultrasound. Kunezimpawu ezimbalwa ezisazosiza ekuboneni ukuqala kwalesi sifo. Ngokuya endaweni yomdlavuza, izimpawu ezichazwe ngezansi zingase ziphazamise.
Izimpawu zesimila ekhanda pancreatic:
- ukubonakaliswa kwe-jaundice;
- ukunciphisa umzimba;
- ukugcotshwa kwamafutha kusitofu;
- ubuhlungu besikhathi esiswini.
Ukuqubuka komsila nomzimba kuzonikeza ubuhlungu obukhulu esiswini, ukuncipha kwesisindo. Umdlavuza osekhanda lamanyikwe ubonwe ngaphambili. Izimpawu ze-oncology zingama-pancreatic-emathunjini ngokwemvelo, ngoba ukukhula kwe-neoplasm kwenzeka eduze kwezingxenye eziphambili zesistimu yokugaya ukudla.
Izimpawu zesimila esincane se-pancreatic tumor ziyefana nezimpawu ze-neoplasm. Umehluko omkhulu yincazelo sekwephuzile ye-neoplasm, leyo ngaleso sikhathi ifinyelela usayizi omuhle kakhulu.
Izimpawu eziphambili zesimila yilezi:
- ukuqunjelwa kwemizwa;
- isihlalo sokucasuka;
- ukuphefumula kwenhliziyo;
- Ubuhlungu esiswini;
- i-pallor of facks nokuqongelela amafutha kuyo;
- umchamo omnyama.
Izimpawu eziphambili zesistimu ye-pancreatic oncology ukuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla, umuzwa ongapheli wokungakhululeki, ukwehla kwesisindo somzimba esikhathini esifushane (iziguli ezinomdlavuza, kanye ne-pancreatitis, zixineke ngokweqile), ukwanda ushukela wegazi, isikhumba se-itchy kanye ne-jaundice. Ukugula okungavamile kakhulu kwe-oncological kubangele:
- ukuhlanza
- ukujuluka
- umuzwa wokukhathazeka njalo;
- ukuchama njalo;
- ubomvu besikhumba sobuso;
- isilonda sesisu esingapholi.
Isimila sivame ukubonakaliswa Ubuhlungu besisu nokuhlanza.
Ukuxilonga
Ukuxilonga ngesikhathi nangendlela efanele futhi unqume uhlobo lwesimila, kufanele uvakashele uchwepheshe emkhakheni wokuhlinzwa, udokotela wezifo ze-gastroenterologist, onguchwepheshe emkhakheni we-endoscopy. Ukuthola isimila kungabikho kwendlela yesimanje yokucabanga kanye nokuthayipha kwe-HLA yesimila kunzima kunokuba. Ngisho nokusetshenziswa kwama-apparatus asuselwa phambili namasu wokuxilonga akuvumi ukuthi kube nokuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kohlobo lomonakalo wezitho.
Ukuthola i-oncology yesitho sohlelo lokugaya ukudla, kuhlolwa igazi le-biochemical, i-coprogram, izifundo zokutholwa kwejusi yokugaya ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengomthetho, izindlela zokucwaninga ezingezona ezihlaselwe zibekelwa ngohlobo lwe-gastrography, duodenography, magnetic resonance pancreatocholangiography, Manc pancreatic, kanye ne-biliary computer tomography.
Ngemuva kokutholakala kwesimila izicubu nosayizi bazo kunqunywe (kungahluka kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-200 mm), ochwepheshe bayaqhubeka nokuthola inani lama-hormone (i-adrenaline, i-cortisol, i-gastrin, i-insulin, i-glucagon, njll.), Ama-metabolites, nama-tumor system.
Ukucacisa uhlobo lwesilonda, amasu ahlaselayo nawo angasetshenziswa, ahlanganisa:
- i-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography;
- i-celiography;
- i-percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography;
- i-punct biopsy yesitho sohlelo lokugaya ukudla;
- i-laparoscopy.
Ukuxilonga i-oncology kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukuphela kwendlela yokuqashelwa kwe-tumor ayikakhonjwa. Ukwahlukanisa ama-neoplasms esitho sohlelo lokugaya ukudla kumele kwenziwe:
- nge-pancreatitis engapheli;
- i-pancreatic cyst;
- i-extraorganic retroperitoneal tumor;
- i-aneurysm yemikhumbi emikhulu;
- i-echinococcosis;
- i-cysticercosis ngokubakhona kwezilonda zesiza se-hepatopancreatic.
Ama-tumors angaba ama-benign noma amabi.
Ukwelashwa
Ungawelapha kanjani umdlavuza wesitho sokugaya ukudla? Esimweni se-benign neoplasms, kufanele kutholakale ukwelashwa ngokushesha, okubandakanya ukubandakanywa kwesistimu yokugaya ukudla, ukuvela kabusha kwekhanda lesitho, ukukhululeka kabusha kwe-pancreatoduodenal, en enationation neoplasm. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, kuphuthumayo ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-histological. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi kunqume ngokufanele uhlobo lwesimila.
Ingabe amanyikwe asusiwe?Isimila se-benign pancreatic singalashwa ngokuphelele ngokususwa. Uma i-neoplasm ebulalayo ibanjiwe, khona-ke uhlobo lokwelashwa lukhethiwe lubheka isimo somtholampilo.
Kungenzeka ukwenza ukudingiswa kwe-pancreatoduodenal ngenkathi kugcinwa isisu se-pyloric ezimweni lapho isiguli sinenkinga yomdlavuza we-carinoid noma umdlavuza osebenza nge-hormonal, osendaweni yasekhanda lekhanda.
Uma isiguli sinezinkinga ze-gastrinoma, khona-ke kuthuthukiswa ukwenza i-gastrectomy, i-vagotomy ekhethiwe, resection ye-pancreatoduodenal. Ukusebenza kokungenelela kokuhlinzwa okunjalo kusadala impikiswano phakathi kwabahola nodokotela abasebenza ngokuhlinzwa ezweni. Ukwelapha okuyinkimbinkimbi kwama-neoplasms wesitho sokugaya ukudla kufaka i-polychemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy.
Uhlobo lwelulama lokwelapha umdlavuza lwenza ukuthi sikwazi ukubuyisa izinga lokuphuma kwejusi ne-pancreatic juice, kuqede ukuvuvukala ephepheni lokupholisa futhi kuthuthukise inhlala-kahle. Ekuphokopheleni inhloso enhle, udokotela angakunikeza lokhu kusebenza okulandelayo:
- ukukhipha kwangaphandle kwemisele yemigqa;
- ukudonsa okungagudluki kokuzungeza kwe-bile duct;
- cholecystectomy;
- i-endoscopic bougienage yesakhiwo se-tumor ye-extrahepatic bile duct, njll.
Indlela elondolozayo yokwelapha i-neignlasmine-uhlobo neoplasm enezinga eliphansi lama-hormone iqondiswe ekuhlanganisweni kwe-sandostatin ne-omeprazole. Ezimweni lapho isiguli sihlushwa i-gastrinoma, ochwepheshe bangezela ekwelashweni kwe-H2i-histamine receptor blockers kanye ne-anticholinergic. Ukususwa kwe-neoplasm elimazayo akusona isiqinisekiso sokulashwa.
Susa i-tumor enobungozi? akunakwenzeka ukuthi uqiniseke ngokwelashwa okuphelele
Isimo sezulu nokuvikela
Ezimweni lapho kutholakala khona isimila esibuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa, i-diagnostic ayisiyithandi. Lokhu kungenxa yenkambo ye-asymptomatic yalesi sifo, ukukhula kwe-neoplasms nokutholwa kwayo ikakhulukazi esiteji sokugcina. Isiguli esisodwa kuphela kweziyishumi singasusa kakhulu i-neoplasms enonya.
Ngakho-ke, i-50% yeziguli ihlangabezana nokubuyela emuva, kaningi ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ama-metastases akude avela. Ukwelashwa okugcwele kwalesi sifo kwenza ukuthi kuphile ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-5 kuphela ama-4-5% eziguli. Ukuhlinzwa akuhlali kunjalo kulokhu kuqinisekisa ukuqeda lesi sifo. Ngeke kube lula ukubhekana nama-metastases. Ezimweni zokutholakala kwe-tumign benign, kungalindeleka umphumela omuhle.
Ngakho-ke, i-95% yeziguli iyakwazi ukuqeda ngokuphelele lesi sifo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela izincomo zikadokotela oholayo ngokunemba, ezizosiza ukunqoba lesi sifo. Njengoba kunje, ukuvimbela i-oncology yesitho sokugaya ukudla akukho. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukunciphisa amathuba wesimila usebenzisa indlela yokuphila enempilo, ukondleka okufanele nokuphumula okuhle. Udinga ukuvikela impilo yakho nganoma yisiphi isikhathi!
