I-Hyperglycemia yisimo lapho amazinga kashukela wegazi akhuphuka ngaphezu kwesimo sokuphila. Akukona ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi kuhlotshaniswe nesifo sikashukela, yize kuvame kakhulu ukuthi kube yilesi sifo esibangela lokhu kugula. Ngaphandle kokulungiswa nokungenelela, isimo esibi kangako sisongela impilo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi impilo yomuntu. I-Hyperglycemia ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela iyindlela eyingozi engenakugwenywa futhi ishiywe inhlanhla, ngethemba lokuthi ushukela uqobo uzobuyela kokujwayelekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izinhlobo ze-pathology
Ngokuya ngesikhathi sokuvela, izinhlobo ezi-2 zokukhula kwe-pathological emazingeni kashukela egazini ziyahlukaniswa:
- ukukhuphuka kweshukela lokuzila, ukuhlinzeka ukudla kokugcina okungenani emahoreni angama-8 edlule (ukuzila ukudla noma "posthyperglycemia");
- ukwanda okwenzeka ku-glucose ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla (postprandial hyperglycemia).
Kubantu abaphilile neziguli ezinesifo sikashukela, izinkomba ezibonisa ukuthi i-hyperglycemia ingahluka. Ngakho-ke, ezigulini ezingatholakali isifo sikashukela, amazinga kashukela okushesha angaphezu kuka-6.7 mmol / L abhekwa njengeyingozi futhi angajwayelekile. Kwabanesifo sikashukela, lesi sibalo siphakeme kancane - bacabanga nge-hyperglycemia ukwanda kwe-glucose esiswini esingenalutho ephakeme kuno-7.28 mmol / l. Ngemuva kokudla, ushukela wegazi lomuntu ophilile akufanele ube ngaphezulu kuka-7.84 mmol / L. Esigulini esinesifo sikashukela, le nkomba yehlukile. Kulokhu, izinga le-glucose lika-10 mmol / L noma ngaphezulu ngemuva kokudla kubhekwa njenge-pathological.
Kungani umuntu onesifo sikashukela enyusa ushukela?
Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani umuntu onesifo sikashukela enyusa ushukela wegazi labo. Ezivame kakhulu zifaka:
- umthamo okhethwe ngokungafanele we-insulin;
- ukweqa umjovo noma ukuthatha iphilisi (kuya ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela nohlobo lokwelashwa ngezidakamizwa);
- ukwephulwa okukhulu kokudla;
- ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, ukucindezela;
- ukuthatha amaphilisi ama-hormone ukwelapha i-endocrine pathologies yezinye izitho;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo;
- ukwanda kwe-concomitant chronic pathologies.
Ukondleka okufanele, ukuqapha ushukela wegazi kanye nokulinganisa okujwayelekile kwengcindezi yegazi kuyindlela evimbela izinkinga eziningi zikashukela, kufaka phakathi i-hyperglycemia
Ushukela wegazi ukhuphuka ngaphezu kwesejwayelekile uma kungekho-insulin eyanele ukuyicubungula. Kunezimo ze-hyperglycemia lapho i-insulin ifihlwa ngokwanele, kepha amangqamuzana izicubu ayaphendula ngokulingene, alahlekelwe umuzwa wawo futhi adinga ukukhiqizwa kwawo okuthe xaxa. Konke lokhu kuholela ekwephulweni kwezinqubo zokulawulwa kwamazinga kashukela egazini.
Izimpawu
Izimpawu ze-hyperglycemia zincike kubungako be-pathology. Lapho likhuphuka izinga kashukela wegazi, kulapho isiguli sizwa kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, angakhathazwa yilezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukuntuleka kwamandla, ubutha kanye nesifiso sokulala njalo;
- ukoma okukhulu;
- ukulunywa kanzima kwesikhumba;
- i-migraine
- ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla (kokubili ukuqunjelwa kanye nohudo kungakhula);
- isikhumba esomile nolwelwesi lwe-mucous, ikakhulukazi olwethulwe emgodini womlomo, olukhulisa ukoma kuphela;
- umbono omfushane, ukubonakala kwamabala kanye “nezimpukane” phambi kwamehlo;
- ukulahlekelwa ukwazi ngezikhathi ezithile.
Kwesinye isikhathi isiguli soma kakhulu size siphuze amalitha ayisithupha ngosuku
Enye yezimpawu zokwanda ushukela kungaba ukubonakala kwe-acetone emchameni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaseli awatholi mandla, ngoba awakwazi ukwehla inani elifanele le-glucose. Ukunxenxa lokhu, badiliza amakhompiyutha anamafutha ukwenza i-acetone. Lapho esegazini, lokhu kwandisa i-acidity futhi umzimba awukwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile. Ngaphandle, lokhu kungakhonjiswa ngokwengeziwe ngokubonakala kwephunga elinamandla le-acetone evela esigulini. Imivimbo yokuhlolwa kwemizimba ye-ketone emchameni kuleli cala ihlala ikhombisa umphumela omuhle kakhulu.
Lapho ushukela ukhula, ukubonakaliswa kwe-pathology kuya ngokuya kukhula. Ezimweni ezibucayi kakhulu, kuvela ikomisa yesifo sikashukela.
I-Hyperglycemic coma
I-Coma ebangelwa ukwanda ushukela iyingozi kakhulu empilweni yomuntu. Ukhula ngenxa ye-hyperglycemia ebalulekile futhi kuvezwa yizimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukulahleka kwengqondo;
- imisindo engenampilo nokuphefumula njalo;
- iphunga elimenyezelayo le-acetone egumbini okukhona kulo isiguli;
- ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi;
- ukuthamba kwezicubu zezinhlamvu zamehlo (uma icindezelwa kuzo, i-dent ihlala isikhashana);
- ububomvu bokuqala, bese kuba umbala obukhali wesikhumba;
- iminyakazo.
Isiguli esikulesi simo singase singazizwa ukushaya kwesandla sakhe ngenxa yokuncipha kokujikeleza kwegazi. Kufanele ihlolwe emikhunjini emikhulu yothanga noma entanyeni.
I-Coma iyinkomba eqondile yokulaliswa esibhedlela ophikweni lokunakekelwa olunzulu, ngakho-ke ungabaze ukubiza udokotela
Izinkinga
I-Hyperglycemia ayizimpawu ezimbi nje kuphela, kepha futhi nezinkinga ezinkulu. Phakathi kwabo, izindawo eziyingozi kakhulu zingahlukaniswa:
- izifo zesistimu yenhliziyo (ukushaya kwenhliziyo, i-pulmonary thrombosis);
- ingozi ye-cerebrovascular;
- ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwegazi;
- ukwehluleka kwezinso okwenzeka kakhulu;
- izilonda zohlelo lwezinzwa;
- ukukhubazeka okubukwayo kanye nokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwe-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela.
Ukwelashwa
Yini ukubonakaliswa kwesimo se-hyperglycemicUma i-hyperglycemia yenzeka esigulini esinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 futhi uphawu kumitha lungaphezu kuka-14 mmol / l, isiguli kufanele ngokushesha sibize i-ambulensi. Njengomthetho, udokotela we-endocrinologist ovele ezifundweni ezihleliwe uxwayisa onesifo sikashukela ngokunokwenzeka kwesimo esinjalo futhi simyalele ngezinyathelo zokuqala. Kwesinye isikhathi udokotela uncoma ezimeni ezinjalo ukwenza umjovo we-insulin ekhaya ngaphambi kokufika kweqembu lezokwelapha, kodwa awukwazi ukuthatha isinqumo esinjalo ngokwakho. Uma udokotela obhekele i-endocrinologist engakucebisanga lutho futhi engazange asho amacala anjalo, ungaxhumana nomphathi we-ambulensi ngesikhathi socingo. Ngaphambi kokuba udokotela afike, isiguli singangezelelwa ngosizo lokuqala noma ngaphandle kwemithi.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga:
- qinisekisa ukuthi onesifo sikashukela uhlala endaweni ezolile, epholile, ngaphandle kokukhanya okukhanyayo nokutholakala njalo komoya omusha;
- liphuze ngamanzi amaningi ukuze ulondoloze ibhalansi kasawoti wamanzi futhi unciphise ushukela wegazi ngokulihluza (kulokhu, lokhu kuyi-analogue yasendlini ye-dropper);
- Sula isikhumba esomile ngethawula elimanzi.
Uma isiguli salahlekelwa ukwazi, akunakwenzeka ukuthi uthele amanzi kuye. Ngenxa yalokhu, angaxhuma noma axhawule
Ngaphambi kokuba udokotela afike, udinga ukulungisa izinto ezibalulekile zokulaliswa esibhedlela, amakhadi ezokwelapha kanye nepasipoti yeziguli. Lokhu kuzonga isikhathi esibalulekile futhi kusheshise inqubo yokuhamba esibhedlela. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbula lokhu uma izinkomba zibonisa ukukhohlisa okungenzeka. Zombili i-hypo- ne-hyperglycemic coma ziyizimo eziyingozi kakhulu. Basikisela kuphela ukwelashwa okungalawuleki. Ukuzama ukusiza umuntu osesimweni esifanayo ngaphandle kodokotela kuyingozi enkulu, ngoba ukubala akuyona eyamahora, kodwa imizuzu.
Ukwelashwa kwesibhedlela kubandakanya ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa nezidakamizwa ukwehlisa ushukela nokwelashwa okusekelwa kwezitho ezibalulekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, isiguli sinikezwa usizo lwezimpawu, kuya ngobukhulu bezimpawu ezihambisana nalokhu. Ngemuva kokushintsha isimo nezinkomba zikashukela, lesi siguli sikhishwa ekhaya.
Ukuvimbela
Ukuvimbela i-hyperglycemia kulula kakhulu kunokuzama ukuyiqeda. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka ulondoloze ukuzola ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Awukwazi ukulungisa ngokunganqikazi umthamo wamaphilisi we-insulin noma ushukela - kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izenzo ezinjalo. Kubalulekile ukuqapha njalo amazinga eglucose egazini nge-glucometer futhi urekhode zonke izinguquko ezethusayo.
Ukudla okunempilo nokudla okufanelekile kuyisihluthulelo sempilo enhle kanye namazinga kashukela ajwayelekile. Akunjalo, uma kufanele uzama ukunciphisa ushukela kuphela ngemithi yabantu, wenqaba izidakamizwa. Isimo sengqondo sokuqaphela umzimba wakho onesifo sikashukela siyisidingo sokuqala okufanele isiguli sigade uma sifuna ukuzizwa siphile kahle.
