Ama-pancreas enza imisebenzi eminingana emzimbeni, enesibopho sokugaya ukudla kuphela, kepha futhi nokwazisa ezinye zezakhi zawo.
Kodwa-ke, indlela yokuphila engenampilo nesimo sengqondo sokungabekezeleli esimweni somzimba wakho sivame ukuholela ekubonakala kwama-pathologies alesi sitho, esigcwele izinkinga ezinkulu.
Izindlela Zokuhlolwa Kwe-pancreatic
Kunzima impela ukuhlola isimo se-pancreas ngezibonakaliso zangaphandle zesiguli, ngakho-ke odokotela basebenzisa izindlela zelebhu nezibalo zokuxilonga.
Esokuqala sifaka izifundo zezinto eziyinhloko zemvelo - igazi, umchamo, indle.
Ukuhlola, kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile:
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile;
- I-ESR;
- ukubalwa kweseli elimhlophe;
- inani lokugwaza kanye ne-neutrophils yesigaba nabanye.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-urine kuyenziwa, ngokuyinhloko okuqukethwe kwama-amylase nama-amino acid, kanye noshukela ne-acetone. Zibonisa izinguquko ezijwayelekile emzimbeni ezingadalwa ukungasebenzi kahle kumanyikwe. Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe ushukela omningi kumchamo kukhombisa ukwephulwa kokuqedwa kwe-insulin yi-gland.
Uhlelo olujwayelekile lubandakanya ne-coprogram, lapho okuqukethwe yisitashi, imicu yemisipha, ama-lipids nezinye izinto ezisesithombeni kunqunywa.
Ukuhlaziya okuqondile kuyenziwa:
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi kokuqukethwe kwe: glucose, lipase, trypsin ne-α-amylase;
- okuqukethwe kwe-bilirubin esetshenzisiwe nokuqondile;
- ukuba khona kwe-elastase in feces.
Izindlela zensimbi azijwayelekile, zifaka:
- ukuhlolwa kwe-endoscopic
- i-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography;
- i-pancreatic biopsy;
- i-endo-ultrasonography;
- I-Ultrasound
- I-compact tomography.
Izindlela ezinjalo zikuvumela ukuthi "ubone" isitho futhi uhlole isimo saso, futhi sikhombe imbangela ye-pathology. Ukusebenza kwazo kuphakeme impela, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwezifo zokuphambuka okuhlukahlukene kumanyikwe.
Ividiyo emayelana nokusebenza nokuvela kwama-pancreas:
Kuyini i-endosonography?
Enye yezindlela ezaziwa kakhulu nge-Hardware yi-endoscopic pancreatic ultrasound. Kususelwa ekusetshenzisweni kwe-endoscope ene-probe ye-ultrasound. Ishubhu eguquguqukayo ifakwa emgodini wokugaya futhi, ihamba eceleni kwayo, inikeza imininingwane ngesimo sesitho esithile. Njengomthetho, izitho eziningana zihlolwe ngasikhathi sinye, kufaka phakathi isisu, i-gallder, kanye namanyikwe.
Ubungqabavu benkambiso ukuthi ubukhona bezinzwa ze-Ultra kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole imininingwane esolisayo ngokuningiliziwe, uthuthukise kakhulu ikhwalithi yesithombe kwithrekhi. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubone ukwakheka okuncane ngisho nokuthola imbangela yazo.
Njengoba izinzuzo ze-endo-ultrasound of pancreas, kukhona:
- ukutholakala kokusondela okuphezulu kwesitho esihloliweyo;
- ukutholakala kokuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwendawo yenkinga;
- ukuhlonza ukuthi kungenzeka kwe-endoskopic resection ye-mucosa yokugaya ukudla;
- ukuqedwa kwezinkinga ezingadalwa amagesi noma izicubu ze-adipose;
- ukuhlinzeka ngokulawulwa kokubotshwa kwenaliti enhle kwezicubu ezithathiwe ukuze kuhlolwe umlando;
- ithuba lokucabanga ngesimo se-lymph node eseduze.
Izinkomba zenqubo
Indlela yokufunda okunje iyabiza futhi ayimnandi kangako, ngoba ishubhu idinga ukugwinywa, futhi lokhu akutholakali kuwo wonke umuntu. Abanye abakwazi ukuziphoqa into yangaphandle, ngakho-ke abakwazi ukuhlolwa, ngoba kubona inqubo engaphansi kokubulala izinzwa.
Izinkomba zokusetshenziswa kwe-endo-ultrasonography zingokulandelayo:
- izimpawu zokukhathazeka, ezibonakaliswa ngendlela yobuhlungu be-bhiniga ngakwesobunxele nangaphezulu kwesisu, isicanucanu nokuhlanza;
- ushintsho esimweni sesihlalo;
- ukusolwa kwesimila;
- ukwehla kakhulu kwesisindo;
- Izimpawu ze-jaundice;
- uphawu lwe-Courvoisier nabanye.
Ochwepheshe basebenzisa le ndlela ngezinhloso ezilandelayo:
- ukutholwa kwesimo sokukhula esidlekeni kanye nezitho eziseduze;
- ukutholwa kwezimpawu ze-portal hypertension, isimo se-varicose veins ye-esophagus nesisu;
- ukuxilongwa nokuzimisela kwezinga lokuthuthukiswa kwe-pancreatitis ngendlela engapheli kanye nezinkinga zayo;
- ukuxilongwa nokuhlolwa kwezinga lomonakalo kuma-pancreatitis acute;
- ukwehluka kwezindlela zokwenziwa kwe-cystic;
- ukuxilongwa kwe-choledocholithiasis;
- ukuzimisela kanye nokuxilonga ukwakheka kwezindlela ezingezona eze-epithelial ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla;
- ukuhlolwa kokusebenza ngempumelelo kokwelashwa kwamanyikwe nabanye.
Ukudluliselwa ku-eus kunikezwa udokotela noma i-gastroenterologist, futhi i-endocrinologist nayo ingayinikeza uma kwenzeka izinsolo zokungasebenzi kahle kwe-gland. I-Endosonography inembe kakhulu kunezindlela ezijwayelekile zokucwaninga nokuxilongwa kwekhompyutha. Kusetshenzisiwe hhayi kuphela ukuthola ukuxilongwa, kepha futhi nokunquma ukuthi kungenzeka yini kanye nobubanzi bokungenelela kokuhlinzwa okuzayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, amasampula ezicubu athathwe ocwaningweni avumela ukuhlolwa okunembile kwezinga lokuphazamiseka.
Ividiyo evela kuDkt Malysheva:
Ungalungiselela kanjani?
Ukulungiselela inqubo kuthatha usuku ukuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kubandakanya ukumelana kwegazi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho usebenzisa i-biopsy ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Udokotela ubuye aqinisekise ukuthi isiguli asigulisi izidakamizwa, izinkinga ngezinhlelo zokuphefumula nezenhliziyo.
Uma isiguli sithatha imishanguzo ethile, udokotela kufanele aqaphele lokhu, eminye imishanguzo ikhanselwa okwesikhashana lapho ivunyelwe ngokusho kwezinkomba ezibalulekile. Kwenqatshelwe ukuthatha imikhiqizo equkethe i-carbon eyenziwe nge-carbon, i-iron ne-bismuth, ngoba ingagcoba ulwelwesi lwe-mucous lube mnyama.
Izinsuku ezingama-2-3 ngaphambi kwe-endosonography yesisu nama-pancreas, akunconywa ukuphuza utshwala, okucasula izindonga zendlela yokugaya ukudla futhi kubenze babe buthaka, lokhu kungaholela ekulimaleni kwemishini kulwelwesi lwesisu.
Kokudla ngalesi sikhathi akufakiwe:
- ukudla okunamafutha;
- okuthosiwe;
- bukhali
- ukubhema;
- izindunduma neminye imikhiqizo ye-gassing.
Isidlo sokugcina senziwa kungakadluli amahora angama-8 ngaphambi kocwaningo, ngasikhathi sinye akufanele sidakwe. Ngobusuku bufiselekayo ukwenza i-enema yokuhlanza. Ngenxa yamalungiselelo anjalo, inqubo yokuxilonga yenziwa ikakhulukazi ekuseni, lapho isiguli singakabi nesikhathi sokudla.
Ukubhema ngosuku lokuhlolwa akukufanele, ngoba ukukhiqizwa kwamathe kuyenziwa kakhulu, okuthikameza ukuxilongwa.
Yini imikhawulo yamanyikwe ngudokotela efundwa ku-endosonography?
Lapho wenza i-endosonography, uchwepheshe uhlola inani elikhulu lezimpawu, kufaka phakathi:
- usayizi we-gland uqobo nezingxenye zayo, ubukhona bazo bezindlela ezahlukahlukene nosayizi wazo;
- uhlobo lwendlala, olungase luhluke ngokwe-anatomically noma njengomphumela wentuthuko yesifo;
- ukucaca kokuphazamiseka kwesitho, zingafiphala ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwezinqubo zokuvuvukala noma ukuba khona kwezindlela ezahlukahlukene;
- isimo semiphunga ye-gland;
- izici zokwakheka kwesitho: okujwayelekile, ukwakheka kwezicubu kufanele kube kukhudlwana, ngezifo, ukubumbana kuyaphazamiseka, kanye nokuboniswa kwezinguquko ze-ultrasound;
- i-echogenicity yesitho, ngokuya ngesakhiwo sayo futhi ingakhuphuka, okuyisimo se-pancreatitis esingamahlalakhona, noma sincishisiwe, esibonwa nge-pancreatitis eyingozi noma ukuba khona kwama-cystic formations.
Imvamisa, i-pathology ayihlotshaniswa ne-gland uqobo, kepha ngamacenge ayo, ahlukahluka ngosayizi noma "angavalelwa" ngamatshe. Lokhu kuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-jaundice noma i-biliary pancreatitis ngokuya isikhundla setshe. Kungakho kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi kukhona amatshe endle ngesikhathi futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi kubhekwe isikhundla sawo, futhi uma kungenzeka kuyisuse.
Contraindication kanye nezinkinga
Njengokuphikisana kokuya kuma-endoscopic ultrasonography ye-gallbladder kanye namanyikwe, kukhona:
- isiguli sinokuzwana nemithi esetshenziswayo;
- ukuba khona kokuncipha kwe-lumen emgodini wokugaya ukudla;
- ukuba khona kwenqubo yokuvuvukala emgodini wokugaya ukudla;
- isimo esibi sesiguli;
- ukuphazamiseka emgogodleni wesibeletho;
- ukuphazamiseka kwegazi nokuba khona kokopha.
Konke lokhu kuphambana kuhlobene neqiniso lokuthi idivaysi ayikwazi ukufakwa ohlelweni lokugaya isiguli ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo yayo.
Inqubo inezinkinga; zibangelwa ukungaziphathi kahle kukadokotela nokukhathazeka kwesiguli lapho eqala ukuba novalo futhi enze ukunyakaza okungazelelwe.
Ngenxa yenqubo, izinkinga ezifana:
- ukopha ngenxa yokulimala ezindongeni zendlela yokugaya ukudla;
- ukwephulwa kobuqotho besitho esiyize;
- ukusabela komzimba;
- ukwephulwa kohlelo lwezinhliziyo ngesimo se-arrhythmia noma ukwehluleka kwe-conduction;
- ukutheleleka kwezitho zangaphakathi nezinye.
Ngenqubo ehlelwe kahle, zonke lezi zimo akunakwenzeka. Ngemuva kokuxilongwa, umphimbo ungalimaza kancane kusuka esimweni esingajwayelekile, ubuthongo obuncane nobuthakathaka obujwayelekile buzwakala. Lezi zimpawu ziyanyamalala kungakapheli usuku.
Ukuqapha kufanele kuthathwe uma amahora ambalwa ngemuva kwenqubo ibonakale ihlanza ngegazi nangezihlalo ezimnyama, kubuhlungu besisu. Lezi kungaba yizimpawu zokulimala kwesisu, lapho udinga ukubonana nodokotela ngokuphuthumayo.
I-Endosonography isho izindlela zokucwaninga ezidumile, ngoba inikeza umphumela onembe kakhulu futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ukhombe imbangela ye-pathology. Kodwa-ke, inqubo ayimnandi kakhulu futhi idinga ukuqeqeshwa okufanele, kufaka phakathi ochwepheshe abayenzayo.
