Ngaphezu koshintsho olungabonakali esweni olwenzeka ngezitho zangaphakathi nezicubu zomzimba ngaphakathi emzimbeni, kunezimpawu zangaphandle zesifo sikashukela esikhunjeni, kuya ngefomu, ubudala besifo, ubudala besiguli, impumelelo (noma ubuze) bokwelashwa, kuvezwe kakhulu noma ngaphansi kakhulu.
Lokhu kungaba yizinkinga ngesimo sokubonakaliswa kwesikhumba okusobala (okuyisisekelo), noma okuholela hhayi ekulimaleni kwesikhumba kuphela, kepha futhi nasekubandakanyekeni kwezakhiwo ezilele ngokujulile (okwesibili, okuhlobene nemiphumela yesifo sikashukela mellitus).
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kunzima ukwahlulela ukujula kwezinguquko ezenzeka emzimbeni kusuka ezithombeni ezivela kwi-Intanethi, yona iqiniso lokuthi sebevele "balikhipha" (phezu nangaphansi kwesikhumba) libonisa ukubaluleka kwabo - kanye nesidingo secebo elisha - uhlelo lwezinyathelo ukunqanda isifo esingalawuleki.
Ukushintsha isikhumba noshukela
Ngaphezu kokuqeda umzimba ngokuchama kaningi okunamandla, ukunambitheka komchamo omnandi (ngenxa yokuba khona ushukela kuyo), enye yezimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela ukuphuma komzimba, okuboniswa ukoma okungaphezi nomlomo owomile njalo, naphezu kokuphuza kakhulu njalo.
Ukuba khona kwalezi zimpawu kubangelwa ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwezinqubo ze-biochemical, ngenxa yokuthi amanzi abonakala "egeleza", engangeni ezintanjeni.
I-Hyperglycemia (ushukela omningi egazini ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwe-carbohydrate metabolism) kufanele ikusolwe ngalokhu, ngenxa yokuthi umugqa osebuchosheni bezitho zobuchopho uphazamiseka ngokwenzeka kokungasebenzi kwawo.
Ukuphazamiseka kwezindlela ezicashile zokulungiswa kobuchopho kuholela ekuphazamisweni ekusebenzeni kwamasistimu wezinzwa nawemithambo - ngenxa yalokho, kuphakama izinkinga ngokunikezwa kwegazi nokufakwa kwezicubu kwezitho zomzimba, okubangela ukungahambi kahle kwazo.
Njengoba kunikezwe izakhi ezinganele, "zigcwele amanzi" ngemikhiqizo enobuthi engasuswanga ngesikhathi, izicubu ziqala ukonakala bese zonakala.
Izifo zesikhumba kuma-diabetes
Ukuvela kwenombolo ngenxa yesifo kushintsha kakhulu, okunikeza umbono wokuthi ukubambezela ngenxa:
- ukuqina kwesikhumba okuphelele, okuye kuphele ukulahleka kobunzima;
- ukukhonkotha okunzima, okubaluleke kakhulu kusikhumba;
- ukuvela kwama-calluses ezintendeni zezandla nakwezonyawo;
- ukuqhekeka kwesikhumba, ukuthola umbala ophuzi;
- ushintsho kwizipikili, ukuguquguquka kwazo nokuqina kwamapuleti ngenxa ye-hyperkeratosis subungual;
- izinwele ezithambile;
- ukubonakala kwezindawo zokugcoba imibala.
Ngenxa yomile kwengqimba ephezulu yesikhumba nolwelwesi lwama-mucous, oluyekile ukufeza indima yalo yokuvikela, ukulunywa yisikhumba, okuholela ekuhlanganiseni (ekuqinisekiseni ukukhululeka kokutheleleka - ama-pathogens angena emathunjini izicubu), abanesifo sikashukela bathambekele ezifweni ezi-pustular - kubantu abasebasha nasebasha, lezi yizinduna, ezigulini zabantu abadala:
- i-folliculitis;
- amathumba nezinye pyoderma ejulile;
- ukubonakaliswa kwe-candidiasis.
Izithombe zemishayo ejwayelekile onesifo sikashukela:
Ukuphazamiseka kwesikhumba esingacwathiki sendawo yesikhumba kuholela ekungasebenzi kwamakhaza nasezindongeni ze-sebaceous (ngokubonakala kwesidina futhi kusabalalisa - umfaniswano wekhanda lonke - ukulahleka kwezinwele).
Isimo sekhava yemikhawulo ephansi sithinteka kakhulu - ngenxa yokubaluleka kokusebenza komzimba emaphethelweni aphansi, ukuqina kokuphazamiseka kwemithambo kunamandla, ngaphezu kwalokho, imilenze icishe igqoke futhi igqoke, okwenza ukuhamba kwegazi kube nzima kakhulu.
Konke lokhu kunomthelela ekubonakala kokuqhuma kwe-abscess, ngenkathi ukubala nokulimala okuncane kunzima ukukupholisa - kepha ngasikhathi sinye sithambekele ekulimeni.
Ukushintsha i-pH engaphezulu kwe-integument akugcini nje ngokukhuthaza ukwethulwa kwesifo esinegciwane, kodwa futhi kuvumela ukusinda kwefcora le-mycotic (fungal) kuyo - i-candida (imvubelo-efana, ebangela i-thrush) ne-lichen.
Izifo eziyisisekelo
Kanye nezimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela njengokuluma (ikakhulukazi endaweni yofuzo), isikhathi senqubo yokuphiliswa kokulimala okuncane (ama-abrasions, amanxeba, ama-abrasions), i-keratosis-acanthosis ngokubonakala kwe-eyyper yamajwabu amehlo, izindawo zangasese (kufaka phakathi ingaphakathi lamathanga) namalunga asondele ukuvela kwesifo esithile - isifo sikashukela:
- dermopathy;
- i-necrobiosis,
- lipodystrophy;
- pemphigus.
Isikhumba
Ukuvezwa kwangaphandle kwezinqubo ezenzeka ekujuleni kwezicubu yinkambo yesikhumba sikashukela.
Kuboniswa ngokuvela kwamaphepha wumbala kusuka kokubomvu kuya ocansini onsundu, obukhulu obungamamitha (ukusuka ku-5 kuye ku-10mm mm), kuma-symmetrically akhiwe emaphethelweni, imvamisa kakhulu ebusweni bangaphezulu bemilenze.
Kamuva, ziguqulwa zaba amabala we-atrophic hyperpigmented nge-scaly peeling, ezingasinda zombili futhi zinyamalale nje emva kweminyaka eyi-1-2 (ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwe-microcirculation ngesizathu esithile kanye nokwehla kobunzima be-microangiopathy ethile).
Abadali ukungaphatheki kahle kwezemfundo, abadingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile, imvamisa, ukwenzeka kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo II emadodeni “anolwazi” olukhulu kuyaphawulwa.
I-Lipoid necrobiosis
Lo mkhuba, osebenza njengukuqhubeka okunengqondo kwale nqubo engenhla, ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-dystrophy-atrophy yesikhumba ngenxa yokufa kwezinto ezisebenzayo ngokubuyiselwa kwazo ngezicubu zesilonda.
Yisimo esivame kakhulu kwabesifazane ukwedlula amadoda, sizibonakalisa ngo-1-4% wesifo sikashukela esithembele ku-insulin (kungakhathalekile iminyaka, kepha kaningi kungakapheli iminyaka eyi-15 kuya kwengama-40).
Akukho ukufana okucacile nokuvikelwa kwalesi sifo (i-pathology yomabili ingalandela ikliniki eyandisiwe yalesi sifo futhi ivele kanyekanye nayo), kuyafana nobunzima besifo sikashukela.
Akunandaba nezindawo zokujova ze-insulin, i-foci (eyodwa, enendawo ebanzi ye-lesion) zitholakala endaweni emilenzeni, ekuqaleni kwenqubo kubonakaliswa ukwakheka kwamabala aphakanyiswe phezulu noma amaqhubu agcobile enendawo eyisicaba enendawo ebushelelezi.
Anombala ophuzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, uhlaka oluyindilinga noma oluchazwe nge-contour engafanele yomngcele ochazwe ngokucacile oqhubekela kwelezitha njengoba ukugxila kukhula. Ukuvela kokugcina kwamafomethi kuyinto ejwayelekile kangangokuba ayidingi ukwahlukaniswa kuzakhiwo ezifanayo (i-anular granuloma nokunye okunjalo).
Lezi zici zigxilwe ngokucacile kusuka ezicutshini ezizungezile, zinesimo (okusaqanda noma esipoligoni) eselulwe ngasendleleni yobude belungu.
Is shaft yokuvuvukala yesifunda ephakanyisiwe yokucushwa okwenziwe indandatho (pink cyanotic nge-peeling phenomena) izungeza insimu ephakathi (imibala kusuka ophuzi kuya kombala ophuzi), kufana nokuthi kushiswe ilanga, kepha empeleni ibe nezinga elifanayo nesikhumba esiseduze.
Izithombe zezilonda zesikhumba nge-lipoid necrobiosis:
Ukuqhubeka kwezinqubo ze-atrophic enkabeni yemfundo kuholela ekubukekeni:
- telangiectasias;
- hyperpigmentation emnene;
- ulceration.
Ushintsho ekwakhekeni kwesikhumba alubangeli imizwa ebonakalayo, ukudabuka kubonakala kuphela uma isilonda seluqalile.
Olunye ushintsho esikhunjeni esinesifo sikashukela lubandakanya okulandelayo:
- I-Diabetesic lipodystrophy - i-atrophy (kuze kuphele ukunyamalala kwayo) kwengqimba yamafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba ngokulandelana kwesikhumba, ukubukeka "kwemithambo yesicabucabu" - teleangiectasias, ukulimala kwesikhumba nokwakheka kwezilonda okwalandela.
- I-Xanthomatosis - ukubukeka kwezindawo zokubumbeka ezibunjiwe, ukubekwa kwezinhlaka eziyindilinga, umbala ukusuka ophuzi kuya onsundu onsundu, ophakanyiswe ngaphezu kobuso besikhumba (imvamisa ezinqeni, emuva, okuncane kakhulu ebusweni, emilenzeni).
- I-Hyperkeratosis - i-keratinization ngokweqile, okuholela ekuqineni kwesikhumba sezinyawo (ngenxa yomonakalo ezinxenyeni zemithambo yegazi kanye nemithambo yegazi ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwegazi nokufakwa ezindlini).
- Ukutheleleka nge-fungus kanye ne-microbial (ngokwakhiwa kwamathumba, ama-carbuncle kanye nokutheleleka okujulile kwesikhumba).
- Ama-granulomas omise okwendandatho - amboza izinyawo nezandla zomsipha, njengoba eseklelisiwe (emise okwenziwe indandatho).
- Isifo sikashukela sikashukela.
I-bubble yesifo sikashukela (bheka isithombe) ukukhipha i-epidermis okwenziwe phakathi kwayo noketshezi lwe-dermis, okuholela ekuqubukeni kwesilondolozi esiqukethe kuphela i-serum noma i-serum exutshaniswe nezinto zegazi - okuqukethwe kwe-hemorrhagic. Yize kwakhiwa uketshezi esigaxeni, luhlala lubucayi.
Naphezu kobuhlungu bokwakheka (ukuba nobubanzi bamamilimitha noma amasentimitha) okwenzeka engxenyeni, emaqakaleni, ezinzwaneni noma engalweni ngokuzumayo, ngaphandle kokubomvu, ukulunywa noma ezinye izimpawu, kuhlale kumangalisa futhi kusabisa isiguli, noma kunjalo kunyamalala ngaphandle kwemiphumela futhi kanjalo ngendlela engachazeki njengoba ivele (kungakapheli amasonto angama-2-4).
Izinkinga zesibili
Lesi sigaba sifaka:
- izilonda ezibangelwa amagciwane;
- izifo zokukhunta.
Ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesikhumba ngesifo sikashukela kungenzeka kakhulu kuneziguli ngaphandle kwe-endocrine pathology.
Ngaphezu kwezilonda zesifo sikashukela, okuthi, lapho zakhiwe onyaweni, zikwenze kudingeke ukuthi unqume izitho ngezinga eliphakeme futhi elibulalayo, kunezindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene ze-streptococcal ne-staphylococcal pyoderma:
- carbuncle;
- amathumba;
- phlegmon;
- erysipelas;
- panaritiums;
- paronychia.
Ukuba khona kwezinqubo ezihambisana nokutheleleka nokutheleleka kuholela ekwehleni kwesimo esejwayelekile sesiguli, isikhathi eside samanqanaba okubola kwesifo, kanye nokwanda kwezidingo zomzimba we-insulin.
Kwezinkinga zesikhumba sokukhunta, i-candidiasis, evame ukubangelwa yizinhlobo zeCandida albicans, ihlala iyiyona efanelekile.
Okuthinteka kakhulu yiziguli zabantu asebekhulile nabadadlana, iziguli ezinesisindo somzimba esithe xaxa, lapho izindawo zemikhonto ehlukahlukene yesikhumba ziba yizindawo ezithandwayo zasendaweni:
- inguinal;
- hlangana;
- sublingual;
- phakathi kwesisu ne-pelvis.
Izakhi zolwelwesi lwesitho sangasese kanye nomgodi womlomo akuzona “zivakashelwa” yi-fungus, ukutheleleka okuyiqiniso okuholela ekuthuthukisweni:
- i-vulvitis ne-vulvovaginitis;
- i-balanitis (balanoposthitis);
- i-angular cheilitis (nge-localization emakhoneni omlomo).
I-Candidomycosis, evame ukuba yinkomba yesifo sikashukela, kungakhathalekile ukuthi iyiphi indawo, iziveza njenge-itch ebalulekile futhi ecasulayo, lapho ukubonakaliswa kwesimo kwalesi sifo kujoyina khona.
Njengoba kubonakala esithombeni, i-maceration yesikhumba "ingumbhede" olungiselelwe owenzelwe "ukuhlwanyela" ukhunta.
Lokhu kukhiqizwa (okwakhiwe ngenxa yokuphelelwa amandla kwe-stratum corneum) indawo eblue-onsomi, ecwebezelayo futhi emanzi kusuka eziseleni ezifungelayo ezivela ezingxenyeni ezisendaweni engaphansi kwe-epidermis, ngaphezu kwalokho, kufihlwe esibayeni somzimba (umoya awudingi kakhulu i-pathogen yegwele, kepha ukushisa kufaka isandla ukuhluma kwezinhlamvu nokukhula kwalolu hlobo lokubumba).
Indawo yokuguguleka kanye nokuqhekeka komhlaba ihlukaniswe ngumkhawulo we "screenings", okugxilwe kuwo ngama-bubble amancane, lapho kuvulwa khona ukwakhiwa kokuguguleka kwesibili, okuvame ukuhlangana futhi (ngasikhathi sinye) kukhule ngokwanda kwendawo okugxilwe kuyo kanye nokujula kwayo "emhlabathini".
Ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba
Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi kukhona isifo esingaphansi (isifo sikashukela), izindlela ezihlanzekile zokuhlanzeka zokunakekela isikhumba esishisiwe nezonakalisiwe ngeke zilethe noma yiziphi izinzuzo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwabo kuphela nokusetshenziswa kokwehliswa koshukela okuhambelana nohlobo lwesifo kunganikeza imiphumela egculisayo.
Kepha ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-nuances amaningi enkambweni ejwayelekile yesifo, kanye nokuvela esimweni ngasinye, futhi nangenxa yesidingo sokulawulwa kwelebhu emazingeni kashukela, udokotela kufanele aphathe inqubo yokwelashwa.
Ividiyo yokunakekelwa kwezinyawo sikashukela:
Akukho maqhinga asebenzisa izindlela "zomuthi wendabuko" ongangena esikhundleni sokuthola usizo lwezokwelashwa olufanele - kuphela ngemuva kokugunyazwa udokotela obalapha bangasetshenziswa (kwimodi enconyelwe ngokuhambisana nokuqina kokuphindaphindeka kwezinqubo eziningi).
Ngokuphazamiseka kwesikhumba okusobala, amakhambi afakazelwe kahle ahlala efanelekile:
- eqenjini le-dyes ye-aniline - 2 noma i-3% isisombululo se-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), i-1% yedayimane-grun (isixazululo sotshwala se "izinto eziluhlaza"), isixazululo seFucorcin (ukwakhiwa kukaCastellani);
- pastes namafutha okugcoba anokuqukethwe kwe-10% boric acid.
Endabeni yegciwane le-microbial, fungal, noma elixubile, izingoma zikhethwa ngokuya ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwelebhu - imicroscopic kanye ne-pathogen inocured endaweni yokudla izakhi, kulandelwa ukukhonjwa kwesiko le-pathogen nokuzwela kwalo emaqenjini ahlukahlukene emithi (antimicrobial or antifungal).
Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela "zabantu" kuphela akuyona enye indlela yokulahlekelwa isikhathi esiyigugu futhi kubangele nenkinga yesikhumba ngokugula ushukela. Uchwepheshe wezokwelapha kufanele abhekane nezinkinga zokwelashwa kwakhe.
