Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni

Ososayensi abakaze banikeze impendulo yombuzo wokuthi kungani isifo sikashukela senzeka ezinganeni, njengoba nje kungaphendulwanga mpendulo embuzweni ngenxa yokuthi lesi sifo sivelaphi.

Yize isifo sikashukela njengesifo sesifundiwe kusukela ngezikhathi zeGrisi yakudala naseGibhithe, kanye nezifundo zesimanje zokuphila kanye nokwenziwa komzimba sekwenziwe iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi nambili ezingeni lobuchwepheshe besimanjemanje, kuphela ingxenye yemfumba yokuvela kwe-hyperglycemia (ushukela omningi egazini) isixazululiwe, iqoqo lezizathu ayifakiwe.

Izinhlobo nezimbangela zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni

Ngamagama ajwayelekile, lesi simo, esimiswe ngokuthi "isifo sikashukela", sibonisa ukungakwazi komzimba ukulungisa ngokuzimele izinga le-glucose egazini, okudingekayo ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwazo zonke izinhlelo zalo.

Isimo se-hyperglycemia singaba:

• ngokomzimba;
• okokugcina.

Ukwanda koshukela ngokomzimba kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuxabana okuphezulu kakhulu kwemizwelo nemizwa - phezu kokuxazululwa kwalesi simo, izinga laso libuyele kokujwayelekile (okusalile okuhlanganisiwe kubuyela esibindini, lapho kugcinwa khona ngesimo se-glycogen).

I-hyperglycemia ye-Pathological iyafana nokuba khona komzimba okuqhubekayo kwengcindezi - ushukela omisiwe ovela ezitolo uyaqhubeka nokujikeleza egazini ngaphandle kokuncipha, okuthikameza ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwezitho nezinhlelo zomzimba.

Isifo sikashukela njengesimo sifana nokuhlala njalo komzimba usesimweni sokungapheli, ingozi engapheli empilweni nokuphila.

Kule mbono ye-etiological and pathogenetic, izimbangela zokuqala kwesimo se-hyperglycemia (izifo eziqinile noma eziqhubekayo ze-hypoglycemia - ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi) ziyalandela.

Nazi izinto:

• ifa;
• umthelela wezinga lempilo le-intrauterine;
• ukucindezelwa okungapheli (noma okuvame ukuba nakho);
• ukuba khona kwezifo zanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinhlobo zofuzo (zombili ezivame kakhulu futhi eziqhubekayo ezingapheli);
• umsoco.

Umqondo ongaqondakali kangako njengoba ifa empeleni liyisimo sokuphendula komzimba esimweni esithile esiphilayo, esiqoshwe ezinhlotsheni zofuzo.

Ukuchazwa okwakudala kubukeka sengathi "ibhere ihlasele umkhulu, futhi umkhulu waphunyuka ngokukhwela esihlahleni." Yize umkhulu wakhe wayengasaphili, yena, ngenkathi ebhekene nalesi simo, wakhiqiza imvelo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuphendula kanye nezinqubo zomzimba emzimbeni, ezazifakwe kwiDNA futhi zathola njengemininingwane yokuthi ungaphunyuka kanjani ebhele.

Ngakho-ke, izingozi eziningi ezaphila esikhathini esidlule zigcinwe kwimemori yezakhi zofuzo, ezinquma isimo sobuntu kuze kube manje kanye nokuziphatha kwako kukho.

Izinqumo zikamama ngokuqeda isibeletho, ezithathwa njalo ngezikhathi ezithile, zimholela esimweni sokwesaba ngesidingo sokusinda ngazo zonke izindleko. Ngakho-ke ukuzalwa kwezingane ezinesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-4,5 - yilezi zingane eziye zathola isisindo ngisho nangaphambi kokuba zizalwe, ngoba ukwesaba kuholela ekuqongeleleni kokulondolozwa kwamafutha uma kwenzeka yindlala.

Okungabalulekanga kangako "ukubhubhiswa" kwesibeletho ngamagciwane angena emzimbeni wowesifazane okhulelwe (umkhuhlane kanye nabanye), kanye nobuthi obungamahlalakhona besibeletho ngumama obhema ugwayi futhi osebenzisa izidakamizwa, kungaba yimithi eminingi noma amakhompiyutha aqukethe utshwala.

Ukuhamba okungatheni ngokomzimba, ukungafuni ukuba emoyeni omusha, ukuthambekela kokudla kakhulu kukhulisa ubungozi bokuba nengane egulayo.

Kepha ngisho nesitho esijwayele ukwakheka masinyane ngemuva kokuzalwa siba yizimo zokuphila ezingezinhle.

Ukuba ngumzali yisimo sokuxineka okungapheli nokungakwazi kwengane ukuthi izinqumele yona:

• yini nokuthi kungakanani okudliwayo;
• uyolala nini;
• nobani ukuba nobungane nokunye.

Ukuphelelwa yithemba kwengqondo kuholela ezingeni eliphansi lokuvikela izivikeli mzimba ngokubonakala kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona eziyisisekelo:

• metabolic-dystrophic;
• ukuvuvukala;
• ukutheleleka okungapheli;
• imizwa;
• ngengqondo.

Ingqikithi yalezi zizathu ezingenhla iholela ekushweni kwezinsana, ukuswela intando, ukuntuleka kokuqhamuka komuntu nokwakheka kwesimo sokukhathazeka nokwesaba ngesidingo "sokubamba" imizwa engemihle ngamanani amaswidi nama-muffin, ngokuthambekela kokungasebenzi nokukhuluphala, okubuye kukhuthazwe ngamasu wokudla womndeni (mayelana nenani lokulethwa okutholwayo ukudla, imvamisa yokudla kanye ne-assortment yemikhiqizo edliwayo).

Njengomphumela wethonya lazo zonke izimbangela zangaphakathi nangaphandle, ukwakheka kwesifo sikashukela sezinhlobo ezimbili kungenzeka:

• Mina (ngesimo senqanaba likashukela elingaguquki, elisuselwa emzimbeni ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin enganele);
• II (lapho i-insulin ikhiqizwa ngamanani anele, kepha ayikwazi ukuguqula izinga loshukela ngenxa yokuvela komcimbi wokumelana ne-insulin - ukungatheleleki kwezicubu zemiphumela yako).

Ngingahle ngibe:

• i-autoimmune (inesimo sokungqubuzana kwama-autoantibodies ngama-ꞵ-cell of pancreas);
• i-idiopathic (yemvelaphi engaziwa).

Ukuba khona kohlobo oluthile lwefa (ngomgomo obuswa yi-autosomal) kuholela ekuqubukeni kwesifo sikashukela se-MOD. Kungenxa yokuba khona kokukhubazeka kofuzo okuvele ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene eziphazamisa umsebenzi wamaseli we-клеток. Ukuhunyushwa kwangempela kwalesi sisho: isifo sikashukela kubantu abasha, kodwa okuqhubeka njengomuntu omdala, kusho ukuthamba kwenkambo, okungadingi ukwelashwa kwe-insulin, ngamathuba okuncishiselwa ukugcinwa kokudla okufanele.

Isifo sikashukela se-Neonatal (inkathi ye-neonatal ehlala izinsuku ezingama-28 kusukela ngosuku lokuzalwa) isimo esingavamile kakhulu sabantwana abangadlula ngesonto le-12 lempilo (ifomu lesikhashana) noma badinge imijovo ye-insulin (ifomu laphakade).

Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi isifo sikashukela sidalwe ukungahambi kahle kofuzo okungajwayelekile (ngenxa yokuhlangana kokuphazamiseka kwemvelo kwe-carbohydrate metabolites nama-gennd syndromes). Ngakho-ke, ukwanda kwesifo se-DIAMOND ezinganeni nasebusheni akuyona into engaphezu kweyodwa kubantu abangu-100,000.

Ividiyo evela kuDkt Komarovsky:

Izimpawu zokuqhubeka kwesifo

Amathuba okuzala ingane egulayo ingacatshangelwa uma bobabili abazali benesifo sikashukela. Ukuzalwa kwengane enesisindo somzimba esingamakhilogremu ayi-4,5 noma ngaphezulu kufanele futhi kushaqise - ukuzimisela koshukela wegazi kuleli cala akumele kuhlehliswe.

Lesi sifo ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-1 ubudala sibonisa ubunzima obukhulu bomtholampilo ngokwanda okusheshayo kwezimpawu ezibonakala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa noma ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala zokuphila kosana.

Ngenxa yokuphazamiseka okubukhali kokulingana kwe-acid-base kwegazi nokwanda kwezinga lemizimba ye-ketone (acetone) kuyo, isimo se-ketoacidosis yemvelaphi yesifo sikashukela senzeka, okuholela ekuphepheni kokusongela impilo, ukugcwala ngomonakalo omkhulu wezinso, okungaholela ekwehlulekeni kwezinso.

Abazali kufanele bakhathazeke ngokuba khona kwengane:

• umuzwa oqhubekayo wendlala (ukungaguquki), ikakhulukazi ngokuhlanganiswa nokungabi bikho kwesisindo;
• ukomela okukhulu (nokukhathazeka kanye nokuphuma izinyembezi, kudlula ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphuza amanzi);
• ukuchama kaningi kanye nephrofayili;
• ukungafaneleki kwe-psyche: ubuqili, ukungabi nentshisekelo kulokho okwenzeka nxazonke (ngasikhathi sinye okungenakuphakama okuphezulu, ukucasulwa kanye nokukhala okungavunyelwe).

Inani elithile lokuxilonga liyizimpawu zokuqala ezintathu, kanye nohlobo lomchamo - lunamathele lapho lithintwa, futhi lapho selomile, lishiya iqhuma elimhlophe edabukeni, kodwa idayiphu ngokwayo iyisitashi.

Isimo sesikhumba sezingane futhi kungaholela emcabangweni wesifo sikashukela - womile kakhulu, awunakudonsa, futhi ukuqhuma kwe-diaper inguquko kuyaphikelela futhi akunakwelashwa ngezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu.

Isimpawu esiyingozi ikakhulukazi ukwehliswa kwefontanel - lokhu kuwuphawu lokuphelelwa ngamandla komzimba ngenxa:

• isifo sohudo;
• ukuchama ngokweqile futhi njalo;
• ukuphindaphinda kaningi noma kaningi.

Lunye lwalezi zimpawu lusebenza njengesizathu esihle sokufuna usizo lodokotela ngokushesha.

Isifo sikashukela singabonakala ebudaleni obudala:

• osemusha (iminyaka engama-5-8);
• osemusha.

Isizathu esidabukisayo kungaba ngukudluliselwa kokutheleleka ngegciwane ngokuvela kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela esilandelako, okungaholela ekuqalwa ngokushesha kwe-ketoacidosis nethonya.

Izimpawu ezandulele ziyafana nalezo zimpawu zobuntwana:

• i-polyuria (isifo sikashukela);
• i-polydipsia (ukoma okungenakuqedwa);
• i-polyphagy (indlala enganeliseki);
• ukwehla kwesisindo (naphezu kokudla okungapheli).

Ukoma okwandayo kwesikhumba kuholela ekubukekeni kwe-dandruff, peeling, ukubukeka kwama-pustule, ukuqhuma kwe-diaper, kanye nesizathu esifanayo kulwelwesi lwama-mucous kudala izimo zokuvela kwe-stomatitis, i-vulvitis, i-balanoposthitis (ngohlobo olude kakhulu - ngokufakwa kwegciwane lokukhunta - ukubonakala kwe-mycosis).

Ukuhlukumezeka kweMetabolic ekunciphiseni kwesifo sikashukela kunomthelela ekuphazamisekeni kokuya esikhathini, ushintsho kusigqi senhliziyo nokusebenza (i-arrhythmias, ukububula kwenhliziyo), ukuvela kwe-hepatomegaly (ukuphazamiseka kwesibindi ngokwanda ngosayizi wayo nevolumu ngenxa yokuhlelwa kabusha kwe-dystrophic kwesakhiwo).

Izindlela Zokwelapha Isifo Sikashukela

Ezinganeni ezingaphansi konyaka ubudala, kukhonjiswa ukwelashwa kwe-insulin (ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwamazinga kashukela okungenani izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku), okunomthelela ekutholeni i-glucose okwanele futhi kuvimbele ukuvela kokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic emzimbeni okhulayo. Ukubalwa okunembe kakhulu kwethamo le-insulin kubalulekile (kokubili ukweqisa nokungapheleli kungaholela ekonakaleni kwesimo sengane).

Ukuncelisa ibele kuyisinyathelo esisebenzayo sokulungiswa kokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kobisi lwezilwane kanye nefomula yezingane kukhuphula izinga labo nokujula. Uma ukuncelisa ibele kungeke kwenzeke, kukhonjiswa ukwakheka kwamahangu kashukela.

Isilinganiso esibalulekile ukuqala okufika ngesikhathi kokudla okuhambisanayo (akukho ngaphambi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha) ngokuqapha ngemuva kokudla iphalishi kusuka ezinkomeni okungaholela ku-hyperglycemia ngenxa yokuba khona kweglucose kuyo.

Izingane ezindala kufanele zinikezwe umqondo wesidingo sokuzithiba, ukubaluleka kokugcwalisa izidingo zokudla kanye nokubusa kosuku nobusuku.

Izingane kufanele ziqeqeshelwe ukubala ngokuzimela isilinganiso se-insulin edingekayo ukulungisa izinguquko ezenzeka ngenxa yokwanda komzimba noma ukweqa ukudla.

Isici esibalulekile sokwelashwa ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo we-insulin womuntu kuphela nokukhethwa komthamo ngokuya ngezinga le-hyperglycemia, isisindo somzimba kanye nobudala bengane.

Ukwethulwa okubanzi kakhulu kwe-basal-bolus insulin therapy, indlela yephampu ye-insulin, kwenza sikwazi ukumelana ngempumelelo nokuphazamiseka kwezicubu zomzimba ngokushintsha kwesigqi sezitho zomzimba.

Ngokukhula kwezingane zohlobo lwe-II yesifo sikashukela esingajwayelekile ukuvimbela ukukhula kwazo, izindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu ziba ukufezeka kwezidingo zokudla, kanye nokudla izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela.

Kokubili ingane uqobo nabazali bayo kufanele bazazi izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia ukuze ilungiselelwe isimo esiphuthumayo nokunikeza usizo kuyo.

Imemo yabazali

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi noma ngabe sineminyaka emingaki yesifo sikashukela noma uhlobo lwaso, okulandelayo kuyizimpawu eziyisikhombisa zalesi sifo:

• ukoma
• isifo sikashukela (ukuchama kaningi kanye nephrofayili);
• indlala egculisayo phakathi kokuncipha kwesisindo okungenakugwenywa;
• ushintsho ezakhiweni zomchamo (amabala ahlala ku-diaper noma underwear, "asukume" ngemuva kokoma).

Kubalulekile ukuba khona kwezinguquko esikhumbeni nolwelwesi lwama-mucous, ukuphambuka esimweni se-psyche kanye nombono, kanye nesikhwili ekuthuthukisweni komzimba jikelele.

Ukweqisa kwe-insulin kungaholela ku-hypoglycemia, okuyizimpawu zazo ezingukwanda:

• ubuqili;
• ubuthakathaka;
• i-hyperhidrosis;
• ikhanda;
• imizwa yendlala.

Ngokuqina kwayo, i-hypoglycemia iholela ekuthuthumela emaphethelweni, kulandelwe ukwethuka, injabulo, bese - ukudangala kokwazi (i-hypoglycemic coma). Isikhumba simanzi, iphunga le-acetone elisuka emlonyeni alizwakali, yehlisa umfutho wegazi futhi izinga lokushisa lomzimba lingaveli. Lapho ulinganisa, kukhona ukuncipha koshukela wegazi.

Abandulelayo bokwehla ketoacidotic bayanda:

• ukudangala kwesifiso sokudla;
• ukozela
• isicanucanu
• ukuphefumula
• isifiso sokuhlanza.

Isibonakaliso esibonakalayo ukuvela kwephunga le-acetone (ama-apula afakwe emanzini) emlonyeni. Ngokungabikho kosizo, ukwazi kwemizwa kulahleka, ukusebenza kwenhliziyo (umfutho wegazi kanye nenhliziyo) kuyancipha, ukuphefumula nakho kucindezelekile.

Uma, lapho i-hypoglycemia ivela, ukuze kubuyiswe isimo, kwanele ukuthatha umthamo omncane wokudla kwe-carbohydrate (i-caramel, ushukela) lapho-ke isimo se-ketoacidosis sidinga ukunikezwa kokuthola usizo lwezokwelashwa olufanele futhi olufika ngesikhathi (kuze kube yizindlela zokuvuselela), ke, isiguli masinyane siyiswe esikhungweni sezokwelapha.