I-cholesterol iyingxenye ebalulekile yamaseli, uketshezi lomzimba nezicubu. Inani lalesi sikhombisi ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele libe phakathi kobubanzi obujwayelekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazamiseki kwazo zonke izitho nezinhlelo.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, kukhona ubungozi be-pathologies bohlelo lwezinhliziyo noma ezinye izifo. Izinkinga ezifanayo zivame ukuhlangana nabesifazane, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini.
Kuyini i-cholesterol?
I-cholesterol (cholesterol) ibhekisa endaweni yemvelo enenhlanganisela yamafutha. Kukhiqizwa umzimba noma kuvela imvelo yangaphandle.
Izinhlobo zento:
- Ama-lipoprotein angaphansi kwabantu (LDL) - kubhekwe njenge-cholesterol embi. Ukuqoqwa kwalezi zihlanganisi akufanele kudlule okujwayelekile, ukuze kungabangeli ukuwohloka kwenhlala-kahle. Ngokunyuka kwayo, izindlela zokwelapha ziyadingeka.
- High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) - yi-cholesterol enhle. Lezi zinto zisekela izinqubo ezibalulekile zomzimba.
Imisebenzi esemqoka:
- uthutha izinto kusuka kumaseli nasemhlane;
- ubamba iqhaza ekukhusekeni kwama-hormone abesifazane, izinqubo ze-metabolic ezithinta izinto ezi-soluble fat;
- neqhaza ekukhiqizeni uvithamini D;
- ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwama-membrane amaseli;
- kusungula ukwehlukaniswa kwemicu yezinzwa;
- isebenza njengento eyengeziwe esetshenziselwa ukwenza imikhiqizo ye-bile;
- kugqugquzela ukwakheka kwezakhi zesakhiwo sobuchopho namaseli abomvu egazi;
- ejwayelekile ukugaya ngenxa yokuqhekeka kanye ukumuncwa kwezakhi zomzimba.
Ukuphambuka kwesikhombi kusuka kokujwayelekile kubangela ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wezinqubo nezinqubo eziningi, kufaka phakathi ushintsho ekukhiqizeni i-Vitamin D.
Imvamisa kwabesifazane kuya ngeminyaka
Ososayensi baveze kudala ukuthi ubudala nokulinganisela kwe-hormonal yowesifazane kuthinta amangaki ama-acid amaningi emzimbeni. Ukuqashwa kwalesi sikhombisi kuvumela ukutholwa okufika ngesikhathi kokuphambuka okuhlukahlukene futhi kuthathe izinyathelo ezifanele ukuvimbela ukwenzeka kwama-pathologies emithambo yegazi.
I-cholesterol ayinangqondo ekwakhekeni nasendleleni eyakheka ngayo, futhi icabanga ukuhlukaniswa kokuhle nokubi. Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo zamakhompiyutha ulele kumaprotheni anamathiselwe kuwo. Ukwanda kwamazinga we-LDL kunomthelela ekwakhekeni kwama-plaque emikhunjini ebangela ukushayeka kwenhliziyo, ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sohlangothi noma ezinye izifo ze-pathologies.
Inani elijwayelekile le-HDL lisusa imithambo yegazi ku-cholesterol embi futhi linomthelela ekudluliseleni kwayo esibindini ukuze kuqhutshekwe kusetshenzwe.
Unganquma inani lesikhombi ngokwenza iphrofayili ye-lipid. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kwegazi kukuvumela ukuthi usungule izinga le-cholesterol ephelele, ne-LDL, HDL. Kungcono ukwenza ucwaningo njalo ngeminyaka emi-5, ngoba amanani ezinkomba ayaguquka ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhula noma ukuguga komzimba.
Ngokusobala, izinguquko zibonakala lapho abesifazane befika eminyakeni engama-30, engama-40, kuthi futhi emva kweminyaka engama-50 nengama-60. Ngalezi zikhathi, kukhona ukuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwe-estrogen, ngaphandle kwayo inqubo yokuqothula amaseli wamafutha iba mandundu.
Amazinga wokusebenza asethwe ngeminyaka. Kumantombazane amancane, inani elivumelekile le-cholesterol liphansi kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kuchazwa izindinganiso ezihlukile ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungenxa ye-cholesterol ephezulu ngesikhathi sonke sokuzala kwengane. Ngamagama akamuva, inkomba ingakhuphuka ngezikhathi ezingama-2
Ithebula lezimo zezinkomba eziphambili ze-cholesterol yabesifazane:
| Inkomba ejwayelekile | I-HDL | I-LDL | Katr |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3,0 - 5,5 | 0,86 - 2,28 | 1,92 - 4,51 | akukho ngaphezu kwe-3.0 |
Ukukhula kwama-cholesterol plaques kungadalwa hhayi kuphela ngokunyuka kwenani eliphelele lama-acid, kepha futhi ngesilinganiso se-HDL ne-LDL (i-KATR atherogenicity coeffnty). Le nkomba ikuvumela ukuthi unqume izinga lobungozi be-pathologies ebucayi bemithambo yegazi noma yenhliziyo kumuntu.
Kufika eminyakeni engama-30
Ngalesi sikhathi, ingozi yokwanda kwesikhombi incane. Lokhu kungenxa yenqubo ethuthukisiwe ye-metabolic kanye nokwanda ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone. Umzimba uyakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimele ususe ngokweqile i-LDL, noma ngabe kusetshenziswa ngokweqile ukudla okunamafutha, imikhuba emibi.
Ithebula lemigomo kule nkathi:
| Inani le-cholesterol ephelele | I-HDL | I-LDL |
|---|---|---|
| ngaphansi kuka-5.73 | ngaphansi kuka-2.13 | ngaphansi kuka-4,24 |
Iminyaka engama-30 kuye kwengama-40
Ngemuva kokuqala kweminyaka engama-30, kwenzeka izinguquko ezibalulekile zamahomoni emzimbeni wesifazane, okungaholela ekuphulweni kwe-lipid metabolism. Lesi simo singenzeka ngenxa yokudla ngokweqile, ukungahambisani nokudla, impilo yokuhlala nokuhlala nezinye izinto ezingezinhle.
Umphumela wezinguquko ezinjalo ukubukeka kwamakhilogremu angeziwe kanye nokwanda kwe-LDL. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30, kubalulekile ukuhlola i-cholesterol yakho njalo eminyakeni emi-3 noma okungenani emi-5.
Ileveli ejwayelekile yesikhombisi ngalesi sikhathi yethulwe kuthebula elingezansi:
| Inani le-cholesterol ephelele | I-HDL | I-LDL |
|---|---|---|
| 3,4 - 3,9 | 0,91 - 2,11 | 1,8 - 4,5 |
Iminyaka engama-40 kuye kwengama-50
Le nkathi yobudala ibonakala ngokukhuphuka okuphindwe kabili kwe-cholesterol. Lokhu kubangelwa izinqubo ezenzeka emzimbeni ngaphambi kokuqala kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini. Imvamisa yokwenza izifundo zokulawula zezinga lesikhombisi akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwesisodwa njalo eminyakeni emi-3.
Ithebula lamazinga e-cholesterol kubantu besifazane abaneminyaka yobudala engama-40-50:
| Inani le-cholesterol ephelele | I-HDL | I-LDL |
|---|---|---|
| 3,9 - 6,6 | 0,91 - 2,32 | 1,89 - 4,48 |
Ngemuva kwama-50
Ngemuva kokufika kulonyaka, ukukhiqizwa kwe-estrogen kuyancipha emzimbeni, ngenxa yalokho kukhuphuka amazinga e-cholesterol. Abesifazane abanokubaluleka kwesikhombisi abasebangeni le-4-7.3 mmol / l, abakwazi ukukhathazeka ngempilo yabo. Ngisho nokuphambuka okuncane kokujwayelekile kuvunyelwe. I-Pathology ithathwa njengento eyeqile kwesilinganiso okungenani 1 mmol / l noma ukwehla kwezinga.
Kwabesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60, ukukhuphuka kwe-cholesterol kuvunyelwe ku-7.69 mmol / L. Izici ezinjengokudla okungenakulinganiselwa, umfutho wegazi ophakeme noma ukuntuleka kokunyakaza kuthinta kabi amazinga e-LDL futhi kungaholela ekuqhubekeni kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona.
Izimpawu ze-Cholesterol ephezulu
Ukuvela kwale nqubo ye-pathological akunazibonakaliso ezibonakalayo nezibonakalayo kubantu abasezikhundleni zokuqala zentuthuko. Inkambo ye-asymptomatic ingahlala iminyaka eminingana. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuphambuka okujwayelekile kungabonakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi isimo sesikhathi eside esibonakaliswa inani elikhulayo le-cholesterol kuholela ekubukweni kwama-plaque ezindongeni ze-vascular. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-hypoxia, ischemia yezitho ezahlukahlukene zangaphakathi ingakhula.
Ukubonakaliswa kokuqala okubonakalayo kuzoba yizimpawu zezifo zesibili ezaqhamuka ngemuva kwesibalo sokwanda kwenani lama-lipoprotein:
- hypercholesterolemia;
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- ukulimala kwengqondo noma ezinye izitho zangaphakathi.
Izimpawu ze-hypercholesterolemia:
- Ubuhlungu ngemuva kwe-sternum noma engxenyeni yayo yesobunxele, kanye nangaphansi kwes scapula, isici sokulimala kwemisipha yenhliziyo;
- ukuphefumula komoya (ugqozi);
- arrhythmia.
Izimpawu ze-hypertension:
- ikhanda
- ukugabha noma ukugcotshwa njalo kwenhliziyo;
- umuzwa wokushisa;
- ukukhathala
- Isiyezi
- ingcindezi ekhuphukayo, ehlala isikhathi eside.
Uma ubuchopho bulimele noma kuvela izinguquko ezithweni zezitho zomzimba, ukuphefumula, ukuchama, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kuzoba khona.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma inkomba inyuka?
Ukukhonjwa kwesimo se-pathological enjalo kudinga izindlela zokwelashwa ezifanele. Okokuqala, udinga ukuthola ukuthi yisiphi isizathu esibangele ukwanda kwesibalo segazi.
Ezimweni lapho owesifazane, ngaphezu kokukhulisa i-cholesterol, engenazo ezinye izinguquko ze-pathological, kuyadingeka ukwenza ushintsho ezindleleni zokudla, kanye nasekuziphatheni. Uma kutholakala noma yisiphi isifo, kuyodingeka ukwelashwa okuthile.
Izindlela zokwelashwa:
- ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa;
- ukudla;
- ukuzivocavoca
- umuthi wamakhambi.
Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa kubandakanya ukuthatha imishanguzo yamaqembu ahlukahlukene:
- Izimo. Lezi zimali zisetshenziswa ezimeni eziningi. Izakhi ezisebenzayo zemithi zibhubhisa ama-lipids futhi zibangele ukuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwe-cholesterol. Ukuphuza le mishanguzo kusiza iziguli ukuthi zongeze izimpilo zazo futhi kuvimbele ukuvela kwezinkinga ezahlukahlukene, kanye nomonakalo wemithambo.
- Izicucu. Isenzo sale mishanguzo kuhloswe ngaso ukwehlisa amanani we-LDL kanye nokwandisa amazinga we-HDL.
- I-lipoprotein inhibitor inhibitors emathunjini. Zivimbela ukufakwa kwezithako ezisebenzayo futhi zisiza ukuzikhipha emathunjini.
- Omega 3. Umuthi unciphisa i-LDL futhi wehlise nengozi ye-cardiac kanye ne-vascular pathologies.
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-bile acid. Imithi ingasebenzisa i-bile acid equkethe i-cholesterol emibi ngokweqile.
Ividiyo evela kuDkt Malysheva mayelana nama-statins:
Ukulandela ukudla okune-cholesterol ephezulu kusiza ukunciphisa izimpawu futhi kuthuthukise inhlala-kahle yesiguli. Ukudla akufanele kumelwe izitsha ezivela ekudleni okucetshiswe emafutheni acid, ama-carbohydrate. Kunconywa ukuthi udle ukudla okuqukethe i-fiber, amavithamini, ama-asidi angahlanganisiwe. Izitsha akumele zithosiwe, futhi okuthandwayo kufanele kudluliswe kuphela, kubiliswe noma kubhakwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakunaki ukusebenza komzimba. Noma imiphi imithwalo enjalo yehlisa izinga lesikhombi. Abaphumelela kakhulu ukuhamba, ukugijima, ukukhuphuka izitebhisi, kanye nemithwalo ye-Cardio, eyenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa komfundisi.
Umuthi we-herbal kufanele usetshenziswe ngokuhambisana nokwelashwa okunqunywe ngudokotela futhi awunakusebenza njengeyona ndlela yokunciphisa i-cholesterol. Ukwanda okuncane kwesikhombi kuphela lapho uchwepheshe angancoma ukusebenzisa lezi zimali ngaphandle kokuthatha eminye umuthi ngasikhathi sinye.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukukhethwa kwendlela ephezulu yokunciphisa i-cholesterol kungenziwa kuphela ngudokotela ngesisekelo somlando wesifazane, isimo sakhe kanye ne-pathologies ehlobene nayo.
