Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela - ubani osengozini?

Izinkinga ze-endocrine ezihambisana nokwehluleka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism ziyimbangela yesifo sikashukela.

Lesi sifo sibonisa ngokushintshwa kweglucose yegazi futhi sidinga ukwelashwa impilo yonke ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezinkulu.

Siyini isifo sikashukela?

Isifo sikashukela isifo sikashukela yisifo esibucayi futhi esifihlisayo esiba minyaka yobudala futhi sihambisana nesiguli impilo yakhe yonke. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-pathology, umsebenzi oyimfihlo we-pancreas uyaphazamiseka noma i-hormone ekhiqizwa yiwo ayisabonwa ngama-receptors amaselula, okudala inkinga ngokufakwa kweglucose emangqamuzaneni, futhi iqala ukuqwabelana egazini.

Ukuqina okuphezulu koshukela kuplasma yegazi kuthinta kabi wonke amasistimu angaphakathi omzimba, ngenxa yokuthi kuthinteka imithambo yegazi, inhliziyo, izinso, uhlelo lwezinzwa nomsebenzi wokubonakalayo uhlupheka.

I-Pathology yenzeka impilo yonke yonke noma iyisifo esizalwa naso, kepha kunoma yikuphi, isifo sikashukela aselapheki futhi iziguli ziphoqelelwa ukuthi zishintshe indlela yazo yokuphila futhi ziqaphe njalo amazinga azo kashukela, ngenkathi zithatha izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela noma zenza imijovo ye-insulin. Kungale ndlela kuphela abalawula ngayo ukuvimba lesi sifo futhi balondoloze impilo enhle.

Izimbangela nokuhlukaniswa kwalesi sifo

Ngokusho kwesigaba, isifo sikashukela sehlukaniswe izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene:

• Uhlobo 1 sikashukela;
• uhlobo 2 sikashukela;
• kwezokuxhumana.

Uhlobo lokuthinta lesi sifo luvame kakhulu ukuguqulwa. I-pathology enjalo ikhula kubantu besifazane ngesikhathi sokubeletha, lapho, ngaphansi kwethonya lokushintsha kwe-hormonal, amaseli aqala ukusabela ngokubi kakhulu kwi-insulin kanye nezinga le-glucose egazini likhuphuka. Ngemuva kokubeletha, isimo sivame ukubuyela kokujwayelekile, yize kunobungozi bokugula ushukela okulandelayo.

Izinto zevidiyo kushukela wokukhulelwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe:

Kepha uhlobo 1 no-2 izinhlobo zalesi sifo ezingenakukwazi ukwelashwa futhi zihambisane nesiguli impilo yonke. Lama-pathologies ahlukene phakathi kwaso ngendlela yokuthuthukisa futhi adinga indlela ehlukile kwezokwelapha.

Kungani kwenzeka lesi sifo? Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus singumphumela ojwayelekile wokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine metabolic futhi, kuye ngohlobo, kungatholakala ezinganeni nakubantu abadala.

Kaningi, lesi sifo sitholakala emadodeni, ngenxa yokuthambekela kokusebenzisa kabi imikhuba emibi nokuvezwa kwengcindezi yesikhathi eside.

Lesi ngesinye sezici eziningi ezingavusa ukukhula kokwehluleka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism.

Ngabe lesi sifo sikhona njengefa? Yebo, kunezibalo zokuthi uma abazali batholakala benesifo sikashukela, ubungozi bokuthola i-pathology enganeni nabo buyanda.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo lwe-pathology olutholakala ikakhulu ebuntwaneni, olungakhombisa nokudluliswa kohlobo oluguqulisiwe ezingeni lofuzo.

Uhlobo olu-1

Isifo sohlobo 1 senzeka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-autoimmune, okuholela ekubhujisweni kwama-pancreas. Njengoba i-iron ihlinzeka nge-insulin emzimbeni, ukulimala kwesitho kubangela ukuntuleka kwama-hormone okubucayi nokufakwa kwe-glucose kumaseli kunzima.

Lokhu kudalwa kwemizwa kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni nasentsheni futhi kungenzeka ngenxa yalezo zizathu:

• izifo ezithathelwanayo zepancreatic;
• ukuntuleka kokuzala kwamaseli wesitho obhekene nokuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin;
• into eyifa, ngenxa yalokho umzimba uqala ukubhubhisa izicubu zesikhumba;
• ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okuholela ekuphazamiseni ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone.

Iziguli ezinhlobo lohlobo lwe-pathology kufanele zenze ukuthi kube nokuntuleka kwe-insulin ngomjovo impilo yonke futhi zihlala ziqikelela ukugcwala koshukela wazo.

2 uhlobo

Nge-Type 2, umsebenzi we-pancreatic awukhubazekile futhi i-insulin ikhiqizwa ngobuningi, kepha ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, ama-cell receptors ayeka ukuqaphela i-hormone, evimbela ukumuncwa kwe-glucose. Lolu hlobo seluvele lutholakala ezigulini zabantu abadala, imvamisa emva kweminyaka engama-35.

Izici ezikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology zifaka:

• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• isakhi sofuzo;
• ukuba khona kwesisindo ngokweqile;
• impilo yokuhlala;
• izinguquko ze-atherosulinotic emikhunjini;
• ukusetshenziswa kabi kokudla okunamafutha amaningi, ushukela kanye nama-carbohydrate asheshayo.

Ukwelashwa kwalolu hlobo lwesifo kwenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela, ukubambelela ngokuqinile ekudleni kanye nokwanda kokuzivocavoca umzimba. Ukuqapha ushukela kanye nomfutho wegazi kufanele futhi kwenziwe njalo.

Izimpawu Nezimpawu

Ekuqaleni kwentuthuko, isifo sikashukela siqhubeka ngaphandle kokubonakaliswa kwezimpawu eziphawuliwe futhi sizenze sizizwe kuphela lapho ezinye izitho ziqala ukuthinteka.

Emazingeni okuqala okwakhiwa kwe-pathology, unganaka izimpawu ezinjalo:

• ukomela okungagculisi nokudla okwandayo;
• ukuchama kaningi ngokwanda kokuphuma komchamo;
• ubuthakathaka bemisipha nokukhathala;
• ukomiswa kolwelwesi lwe-mucous lomlomo nesikhumba;
• isikhumba esikhanyayo;
• ukukhuphuka kokujuluka, ikakhulukazi ebusuku;
• ukuvela kwamanxeba okuphulukisa kancane kancane kanye nokuqhuma kwe-abscess;
• ushintsho kwesisindo somzimba ohlangothini lokwenyuka noma ukwehla.

Ukuziba izimpawu zokuqala akuvumeli ukuthola futhi kumise lesi sifo ekuqaleni.

Lesi sifo siyaqhubeka, futhi lapho kulimala kakhulu izitho ezihlosiwe, kuzoba nezimpawu ezivelelayo:

• ukuvuvukala kwemilenze nobuso;
• imvamisa eyandayo;
• ikhanda, ukuqubuka nokuqwasha;
• isibindi esikhulisiwe, izinhlungu enhliziyweni;
• umsebenzi wokubuka ukhubazekile;
• ukuzwela kwemikhawulo engezansi kuyancipha;
• emilenzeni kukhona umuzwa wokuqina, uvutha kanye nobuhlungu;
• kukhona iphunga le-acetone eliphuma emlonyeni;
• izinga lokuvuselelwa kabusha kwezilonda zesikhumba liyancipha.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, uma kungalashwa, isiguli sinokuxineka, ukuqunjelwa, nokuqala komqondo.

Inkulumo yevidiyo yesifo sikashukela, izimbangela zayo nezimpawu:

Ukuxilongwa kwe-pathology

Ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwendlela enqunyelwe kuncike ekuxilongeni okulungile. Ukuxilongwa kwalesi sifo kuqala ngomlando wezokwelapha. Kubalulekile ukuthi udokotela azi izikhalazo zesiguli, imikhuba yakhe nendlela aphila ngayo, izifo zangaphambilini nezihlobene, kanye namacala okuthola isifo sikashukela ezihlotsheni ezisondelene nesiguli.

Uma kunesidingo, thintana nochwepheshe abancane:

• udokotela wamehlo;
• udokotela ohlinzayo wemithambo;
• i-endocrinologist;
• i-neuropathologist;
• udokotela wenhliziyo;
• urologist.

Ucwaningo lwelabhorethri nolwezinsizakalo luyabekelwa:

• Ukuhlaziywa komchamo wokuba khona kwamaprotheni, ushukela kanye ne-acetone kuwo;
• ushukela wegazi kanye ne-glycosylated hemoglobin level;
• ukuvivinya ushukela;
• i-biochemistry yegazi ukuthola ukwakheka kwe-plasma nezinkomba ze-hepatic ne-renal enzymes;
• iphrofayili ye-glycemic;
• Ukuhlolwa kweReberg;
• I-Doppler ultrasound;
• I-Ultrasound yezinso, isisu nenhliziyo;
• ukuhlolwa kwe-fundus;
• electrocardiogram.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuxilongwa, ezinye izifundo zenziwa kaninginingi ukuthola ukuthi isifo sisibi kangakanani.

Izinga lokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo

Ngokuya kobunzima besi sifo kanye nokuba khona kwezinkinga, isifo sikashukela sehlukaniswe ngama-degrees:

1. Eyokuqala ngukuhluka okuhle okuhle kwenkambo yesifo ngokumelene nesizinda sokwelashwa okunekhono nokuhambisana kokudla. Kulokhu, akukho zinkinga. Ngokwemiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwamaprotheni ne-glucose kumchamo akubhekwanga, okuqukethwe kwe-glycosylated hemoglobin noshukela kungaphakathi kwemingcele evamile.
2. Owesibili - ukwelashwa kugcwalisa ingxenye ethile yezinkinga ze-carbohydrate metabolism. Ushukela kumchamo awubonwa, futhi ukugxilwa kwalo egazini kungaphezu kwe-10 mmol / l. I-Glycosylated hemoglobin yanda kancane noma ihambelana nezinga elamukelekayo. Imiphumela emibi ayikenzeki, kepha ukulimala kwezinhlelo zenhliziyo nezinzwa, ukusebenza kokubonakalayo okungalungile kanye nomsebenzi wezinso sekuphawuliwe.
3. Okwesithathu - kukhombisa ukungabikho noma ukungakwaneli kokwelashwa okwanele. Esimweni esinjalo, ukulimala kwezitho zomzimba kanye nezinhlelo zangaphakathi kuyaqakamba. Amaphethelo aphansi alahlekelwa ukuzwela, ukubuka okonakalayo okukhulu, futhi nomfutho wegazi ophikelelayo uyakhula. Emchamweni, okuqukethwe amaprotheni kanye noshukela kukhuphuka, i-glycosylated hemoglobin idlula okujwayelekile, ukugcwala koshukela endaweni yegazi kugcinwa ku-13 mmol / L.
4. Okwesine ukhetho olunzima kunazo zonke. Kukhona ukulahleka okukhulu kwamaprotheni kumchamo, izilonda necrosis kuvele emilenzeni, bese kwehluleka izinso nezinye izinkinga ezinkulu. Amazinga we-glucose akhuphuka ngaphezulu kwe-25 mmol / L, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-ketoacidosis ne-hyperglycemic coma.

Izinkinga nemiphumela

Isifo sikashukela siveza ingozi enkulu ngokunemba kanye nezinkinga zaso, okungaholela ekukhubazekeni noma kuphazamise isikhathi sempilo sesiguli.

Imiphumela elandelayo ivame ukubonwa:

1. Ubuhlungu emikhawulweni ephansi. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokuqalwa kwe-neuropathy noma i-angiopathy. I-Neuropathy ibonakala ngokubonakala komzwelo ovuthayo kanye nobuhlungu ebusuku, okuhambisana nokulahleka kwemizwa emilenzeni nomuzwa wokuqina. Nge-angiopathy, ubuhlungu obukhulu bubonakaliswa ngesikhathi sokuhamba noma umsebenzi womzimba futhi buthaka ukuphumula.
2. Izilonda zeTrophic. Umonakalo onjalo emaphethelweni aphansi ubonakala ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwe-neuro- ne-angiopathy. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sokuncipha kokuzwela kwezitho, noma yikuphi ukulimala esikhumbeni sonyawo kuhlale kunganakiwe kuze kube yilapho kuqala ukuqhakaza. Iziguli zifuna usizo lwezokwelapha lapho ifomu lesilonda esinethrophic, nomlenze ukhukhumala futhi ubomvu.
3. IGangrene Isigaba sokugcina se-angiopathy. Imithambo yegazi onyaweni ilimele, ukugeleza kwegazi kuyaphazamiseka futhi izicubu ze-necrosis ziqala esilevini. Umlenze uqala uphenduke ubomvu futhi ube buhlungu, emuva kwalokho unyawo luyashwabana lube yi-cyanotic, kuthi kamuva kuqhamuke amabala amnyama angama-necrotic kanye namabhulashi ane-fluid e-purulent. Umphumela wokuqunjelwa ukunqunywa kwengalo kuya komlenze omncane ophansi. Uma uqala i-pathology ngisho nangaphezulu, ungalahlekelwa umlenze wonke.
4. Ukuvuvukala. Ziwuphawu lwezinkinga zesifo sikashukela ezinjenge-nephropathy. Lokhu kungukulimala kwezinso okunzima okungaholela ekuthuthukisweni kokwehluleka kwe-renal, okuzodinga ukufakelwa kwesitho esonakele. Kungaba futhi uphawu lokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Uma ukuvuvukala kwenziwa kwelinye lamaphethelo aphansi, khona-ke lokhu kubonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-angiopathy kuhlangene ne-neuropathy.
5. Hypertension noma hypotension. Ukucindezela okuphansi emaphethelweni aphansi kungumphumela wokubunjwa kwe-angiopathy. Futhi ingcindezi eyandayo emithanjeni ekhombisa ukonakala ngokushesha kwezinso nokukhula kwe-nephropathy.
6. Isifo sikashukela sikashukela. I-complication esisheshayo futhi eyingozi kakhulu yesifo. Izizathu zokukhula kwe-coma zilele ekukhuleni okukhulu kwe-glucose yegazi kanye nokuvela kwe-plasma yemizimba ye-ketone (ketoacidotic coma) noma ukwehla okukhulu kokuqina koshukela (hypoglycemic coma). Noma yiziphi zalezi zimo zidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha futhi zivuselele. Uma kungekho ukulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi, kulimala kakhulu ukulimala kobuchopho, okuholela ekuwohlokeni komqondo noma ekufeni.

Ukuvimbela

Ukuvimbela izingqinamba kubandakanya ukuqaphela izimiso eziningi:

• yeka i-nicotine kanye nokuluthwa utshwala;
• anamathele ukondliwa okufanele, kanye nemikhawulo ephezulu yezitsha eziqukethe ama-carbohydrate asheshayo, amafutha kanye nokwenqatshwa okuphelele kwamaswidi kanye nokubhaka ibhotela;
• Gwema izikhathi eziningi phakathi kokudla, izingxenye ezinkulu ngokweqile nokudla kakhulu ngesikhathi sokudla;
• shiya izitsha ezithosiwe, ezinosawoti kanye nezinongo, futhi wandise ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yemifino, ukudla okubilisiwe kanye ne-stewed;
• ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwekofi, itiye elinamandla kanye nesoda, bese ukubuyisela iziphuzo zemifino ezintsha, umhluzi wezithelo namalitha ama-2 amanzi nsuku zonke;
• Vumela isikhathi sokuzivocavoca umzimba njalo, ugweme ukusebenza ngokweqile;
• qapha i-glucose ku-plasma yegazi kanye nezinkomba zokucindezela kwegazi, umisa ngesikhathi esifanele izinguquko ezingathandeki;
• qapha kakhulu impilo yabo futhi, lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala ezethusayo, funa usizo lodokotela;
• njalo ezinyangeni ezi-6 ukuhlolwa ukuze kutholakale nokwelashwa okufanele kwezifo zezitho zangaphakathi;
• lawula isisindo sakho, uvikele ukukhula kokukhuluphala;
• landela ngokucophelela zonke izincomo zikadokotela, isheduli yemijovo ye-insulin noma ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezonciphisa ushukela;
• Musa ukuzindla futhi unamathele kumthamo obekiwe.

Ngabe iyelapheka?

Uma kunikezwe ubunzima bezinkinga zesifo sikashukela, isifiso seziguli sokuqeda ngokuphelele ukugula kwabo siyaqondakala. Ngeshwa, lokho kungenzeka kuphela kwezigaba zokuqala zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, esakhula ngemuva kwesizinda sokukhuluphala. Kulokhu, ngokuya ngokudla futhi ukhuphuka kakhulu ngokomzimba, ungalulama kulesi sifo. Kepha ubungozi bokuphindelela bukhulu ngokwanele futhi lapho ubuyela esimweni sakho sokuphila esidlule, lesi sifo siyabuya.

Kepha thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala kanye nenkambo ende yesifo sohlobo 2 ayelapheki. Ukwelashwa okufanele kungavimba noma kubambezele ukukhula kwezinkinga, kepha akukwazi ukwelapha ngokuphelele i-pathology.

Inketho yokwelapha lesi sifo ngokubulawa yindlala iyangabaza, ngoba ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kochwepheshe abanekhono ngale ndlela kungashuba isimo.

Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kwesifo sikashukela, lapho ipancreas yokufakelwa idluliselwa esigulini, nayo inezinhlangothi zayo ezinhle nezimbi.

Izinto zevidiyo ezivela kuDkt Bozhiev mayelana nokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela:

Ngakho-ke, ukuqapha ngokucophelela kuphela ukugxilwa koshukela wegazi nokunamathela kuyo yonke imiyalo kadokotela kuzosiza isiguli sikashukela ukuba silondoloze impilo enhle futhi sigweme imiphumela emibi. Futhi lezo zenzo kufanele zenziwe impilo yonke.