Ama-pancreas akuphi futhi alimaza kanjani?

Ukuphazamiseka ohlelweni lokugaya umzimba kuthinta kabi umzimba wonke. Ama-pancreas angenye yezakhi zawo eziyinhloko, ngakho-ke noma yiziphi izinqubo ze-pathological ezenzeka kuwo zilimaza ukufakwa kwezakhi zomzimba kanye nokuphazamisa i-metabolism.

Izimpawu zalesi simo zingaba ukubonakaliswa okuhlukahlukene okungathandeki, kufaka phakathi izinhlungu, izilonda zesikhumba, ukuphazamiseka kwe-dyspeptic.

Susa ukungaphatheki kahle okuvelile futhi uvikele ukuqhubeka kwesifo ngosizo lwezindlela zezokwelapha ezifika ngesikhathi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukwazi ukuthi isitho sithinta kanjani nokuthi sitholakala kuphi ukuxhumana ngqo nochwepheshe ofanele.

Ukusebenza kwendlala emzimbeni

Lesi sitho senza imisebenzi ebalulekile, sinikeze hhayi kuphela ukugaya okuphelele, kodwa futhi silawula izinqubo eziyinhloko ze-metabolic (amaprotheni, i-carbohydrate ne-lipid). Ukuphambuka kokujwayelekile emsebenzini wakhe kuholela ekungalingani kwe-organic.

Imisebenzi ye-Gland:

• i-endocrine (intrasecretory);
• exocrine (exocrine).

Umsebenzi wobumfihlo wangaphandle

Lo msebenzi wokuqinisekisa ukwakheka okuqhubekayo kwejusi ye-pancreatic. Inama-enzyme adingekayo wokugaya okungokwemvelo nokuphelele. I-Iron ikhiqiza cishe ilitha eli-1 lejusi ngosuku.

Kufaka:

• amanzi
• ama-enzyme (ama-enzyme) - ama-molecule amaningana noma i-chembu ehlukile, enomthelela ekusheshisweni kokuqhekeka kokuqhekeka kwama-macronutrients eza nokudla;
• usawoti (i-bicarbonate) - yenza imvelo ye-acidic yakheke ngemuva kokungagayeki ngokuphelele kokudla futhi inikeze ukusabela kwe-alkaline.

Ama-enzyme amakhulu:

1. Lipase. I-enzyme ihlinzeka ngokuqhekeka kwamafutha angathathi hlangothi futhi ibandakanyeka ekuthuthweni kwama-asidi e-polyunsaturated kuya kwezicubu, ikhuthaza ukumuncwa kwamavithamini ancibilikisa amafutha. Ukukhiqizwa kweLipase kwenziwa hhayi ngensimbi kuphela, kepha nangamaphaphu, amathumbu nesibindi.
2. I-Trypsin. Ukubamba iqhaza kwalesi ensa enqubweni yokumba kukuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule izinga lama-peptides namaprotheni. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-enzyme kwenzeka kuphela kumanyikwe, okubuye kwandise inani lesitho.
3. I-alpha amylase. I-enzyme iyadingeka ekucutshungweni kwama-carbohydrate asetshenziswa ngabantu. Kukhiqizwa ngamanani amancane yizindlala zamathe. Ingxenye yayo eyinhloko yenziwa ngamanyikwe.

Ama-enzyme achazwe ngenhla akhishwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokudla. Ukukhiqizwa okusebenzayo kuqala cishe imizuzu emi-3 ngemuva kokuhambisa ukudla esiswini bese kuthatha amahora angu-12-16.

Ukusebenza okugcwele kwama-enzyme kwenzeka ngenani elanele le-bile elikhiqizwa esibindini, elizilungiselela inqubo yokuqothuka. Ama-enzymes awenziwa hhayi ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa, kepha kuphela emva koshintsho olungena kwi-lumen ye-duodenum, lapho athinteka yi-Enterokinase.

Imisebenzi ye-Intra-secretory

Ukulawulwa kanye nokugcinwa kokusebenza kwe-endocrine kwenziwa ngamaqembu amaseli akhiwe ekugcineni kwe-gland (alpha ne-beta) enza iziqhingi zeLangerhans.

Kule ngxenye yomzimba, ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone abalulekile ekugayweni kwenzeka:

1. Insulin. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwenzeka kumaseli we-beta. Ngenxa yalokho, i-carbohydrate metabolism iyalawulwa futhi i-lipid metabolism yenziwa ngenxa yokufakwa kweglucose nokuhamba kwayo kuwo wonke izicubu zomzimba. Ngosizo lwehomoni, izinga leshukela egazini lihlala lijwayelekile. Izinqubo ezibhubhisayo ezenzeka kumaseli we-beta zibangela ukuncipha kwenani le-insulin ekhiqizwayo, elithinta kabi izinga likashukela futhi liholele ekukhuphukeni kwalo okukhulu. Umphumela woshintsho olunjalo lwe-pathological kungaba ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela.
2. I-Glucagon. Amaseli e-Alfa abhekene nomsebenzi wokukhiqiza le hormone. I-Glucagon iyakwazi ukudonsa ukwanda kwe-glucose. Isenzo salo sihlose ukuthuthukisa ama-receptors wesibindi, akhipha izitolo ze-glucose futhi athuthukise ukwakheka kwawo. Indima ye-hormone ibaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqala kwe-hypoglycemia, lapho ukugcwala koshukela kunciphisa amanani abucayi.

Izinto ezingeziwe ezakhiqizwa iziqhingi zeLangerhans:

• lipocaine - kuvimbela ukukhula kwamaseli wamafutha esibindini;
• i-ghrelin - ilawula inqubo yokudla;
• Amangqamuzana e-PP (i-pancreatic peptide) - uyakwazi ukuvimbela umsebenzi we-gland.

Indawo nesakhiwo

Isitho sitholakala ngakwesobunxele sesisu, kepha ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezithile ze-pathogenic iyakwazi ukuguqula isikhundla sayo futhi iguqukele kwesokudla.

I-gland isondelene ne-duodenum nesisu, esiseduze kwe-ltear vertebra yokuqala.

Lesi sithombe sikhombisa ukuthi uluphi uhlangothi lwenkaba oluyinsimbi. Kwenzeka ngo-5-10 cm ukuphakama kusuka ezingeni lawo. Kukule ndawo lapho kuhlala kukhona khona ukungaphatheki kahle okubangelwa ukukhula kwengqondo yesitho.

Indawo izingxenye zezindlala ezihlobene nekholamu yomgogodla:

• ikhanda lisendaweni ephakathi kwe-12 ne-4 lumbar vertebrae;
• umzimba - ungangena endaweni ephakathi kwe-12 ne-3 vertebrae, uthinte udonga lwangemuva lwesisu;
• umsila - otholakala phakathi kwama-vertebrae ayi-11 kuye kwayi-2, ufinyelela emasangweni endle.

Isitho sitholakala eduze kwe-gallbladder, ngakho-ke, ukuhlulwa ngasikhathi sinye kwalezi zingxenye zesistimu yokugaya ukudla kuthuthukisa inqubo yokuvuvukala kaningana.

Isakhiwo se-anatomical

I-Iron inesimo somzimba ophakeme, futhi umbala ungwevu.

Isakhiwo:

1. Umzimba. Ububanzi bale ngxenye busuka ku-1.75 kuya ku-2,5 cm. Ubude budlula izindawo ezisele, bufika ku-13.5 cm.
2. Ikhanda. Inobukhulu obungu-1.5 kuya ku-3 cm nobude obufika ku-5 cm. Ikhanda lihlukaniswe ngokuphumula yimisele.
3. Umsila. Le ngxenye ye-gland inesimo sesigaxa. Ubude bawo buyi-3.5 cm. Umsila wehlukile kwezinye izingxenye ze-gland ekuqineni okuncane (kufika ku-1.5 cm).

Isakhiwo esingokomlando

Isitho sakhiwa ngokuyinhloko kusuka kwezicubu ezithintekayo. Isakhiwo saso se-microscopic sakhiwa ngama-endocrine kanye namaseli ama-exocrine. Isakhiwo sihlanganisa imikhumbi, izinzwa kanye ne-ganglia.

Umsebenzi we-exocrine wenziwa yi-acini, okuyizigaba ezincane ezihlukaniswe ngezintambo zokuxhuma. Ngayinye yayo ifakwe isiteshi sokuphuma esisebenzisana ne-duct eyodwa esidlula kuwo wonke umzimba.

Umsebenzi we-Endocrine ubonwa ngamaseli (ama-insulocytes) akhiwe eziqhingini zeLangerhans. Babanga phakathi kwe-acini. Kulawa maseli akukho ducts.

Shintsha usayizi

Ukuguga komzimba kuthinta ama-pancreas, ngakho-ke ushintsho esithowini luqala kusukela lapho umuntu ezalwa. Umbungu wayo kwenzeka ngisho nangesikhathi sokukhula kombungu embungu (cishe amasonto amathathu okukhulelwa kwabesifazane). Ekupheleni kwe-trimester yokuqala, ukwakhiwa kwamaseli angaphandle kanye ne-endo native.

Ngemuva kokuzalwa komuntu, ama-pancreas afinyelela kubude obu-5 cm, bese ekhuphuka ngosayizi kancane kancane. Ukuvuthwa kokugcina kwesitho kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-16. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-acini neziqhingi zaseLangerhans zithola izinguquko ezahlukahlukene.

Imingcele emaphakathi

• ubukhulu nobubanzi - kufika ku-3 cm;
• ubude - kusuka ku-14 kuye kuma-22 cm;
• isisindo - cishe 80 g.

Ukuhlola okunembile ngosayizi, ukwakheka nokufana kwesakhiwo sezicubu zesitho kukuvumela ukuthi uthole i-ultrasound (ultrasound). Le ndlela yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola iziphetho ngesimo se-gland futhi ikhombe izisu ekuthuthukisweni kwayo okubangelwa yi-pathologies ehlukahlukene.

Ezigulini esezikhulile, kwehla usayizi wesitho. Lesi simo asidingi noma yikuphi ukwelashwa, uma nje kungekho zimpawu ze-pathological.

Ubuhlungu besimilo

Zonke izingxenye zohlelo lokugaya ziyaxhuma, ngakho-ke ukuthuthukiswa kokuvuvukala kunoma yisiphi sazo kuholela ekucindezelweni ngokweqile kwezitho eziseduze. Ukwanda kwesayizi kukhulisa ubungozi be-oncology. Kungakho kudingekile ukuthola izimbangela zokushintshwa kwe-pathological ngesikhathi esifanele futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuziqeda.

Izici eziphambili ezisikhathazayo:

• ukondleka okungalingani;
• ukungahambisani nokudla okunqunywe udokotela;
• ukubaluleka kokudla okunamafutha ekudleni;
• i-pathology ye-bile duct;
• ifa elisindayo;
• imikhuba emibi;
• ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwezidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene;
• ukweqisa;
• ukukhuluphala

Ividiyo ephathelene namanyikwe nezifo zayo:

Izifo eziphambili:

1. I-pancreatitis ogeleza ngesimo esibi noma esingamahlalakhona Le pathology ibonakala ngokukhuphuka kosayizi bezitho. Ukuvuvukala okungapheli kuholela ekuhambeni kancane kwe-pancreas (ukuncipha).
2. Umdlavuza Ngalesi sifo, isitho siguqula ukwakheka kwawo ngenxa yokukhula kwesimila.
3. I-cystic fibrosis. I-pathology enjalo ibangela ukulimala ohlelweni lokuphefumula kanye nezindlala ze-endocrine. Ngenqubo yokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo, izindunduma zesitho ziyanda, izingqimba zokuxhuma ziyakhula.
4. Isifo sikashukela mellitus. Le pathology ibonakala ngokuntuleka kwe-insulin kanye ne-atrophy ehamba kancane ye-acini.

I-pancreatitis

Ifomu elinamandla lihambisana nobuhlungu obukhulu obuzwakala emgodleni ongaphezulu wesisu. Yenzelwe endaweni engxenyeni eyi-epigastrium.

Kwesinye isikhathi izinhlungu zingashintsha ziqonde eceleni kwe-hypochondrium noma zinikeze emuva. Ngokusho kwencazelo yesineke, kungaba ukusika noma ukusanganisa.

Umuntu uyakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimela ukwanda kwe-gland ngosayizi ngenxa yobukhona bomuzwa wokugcwala endaweni yesitho. Lapho elele, isiguli sizwa ukungakhululeki. Kungenzeka ukwenza buthaka ukubonakaliswa kuphela ngosizo lokuthambekela phambili. Ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezinomphumela we-antispasmodic akukulethi impumuzo.

Ifomu elingapheli lihambisana nobuhlungu obumnene ngakwesobunxele se-hypochondrium nasendaweni ye-epigastric. Ukusetshenziswa kokudla okunamafutha notshwala kuqinisa ukubonakaliswa kwayo, okudala ukuhlaselwa okufana nezimpawu zokuqhamuka kwalesi sifo.

I-Neoplasms

I-pancreatitis engapheli inyusa amathuba omdlavuza we-pancreatic. Cishe i-4% yenani lilonke leziguli ezihlaselwe yilesi sifo linamaqhubu amabi.

Ukuqhubeka nokukhula kwesimila kubangela izinhlungu. Ukungakhululeki kuzwakala engxenyeni esemaphakathi ye-epigastrium, kanye nase-hypochondria. Ubuhlungu bungabuyisela.

I-pancreatitis nayo inomthelela ekwakhekeni kwama-cysts, okuyi-cavity egcwele ujusi we-pancreatic. Ukuqhekeka kwalezi zidlalifa noma ukuhanjiswa kwazo kuholela ekuwohlokeni kwenhlalakahle yesiguli.

Ividiyo yomdlavuza we-pancreatic:

Ukucaciswa kobuhlungu

Ukubonakala kobuhlungu kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba akuchazi masinyane umthombo we-pathology. Ngomonakalo kuma-pancreas, ukungakhululeki kubonakala uqobo ngakwesokunene, kwi-hypochondrium. Ukunganaki lokhu kuboniswa kuthuthukisa ubucayi besifo sezinhlungu.

Ukuntuleka kwezindlela zokwelapha kumane nje kwandisa isimo sesiguli futhi kunomthelela ekuguqulweni kwe-pathology ibe yifomu elingamahlalakhona. Ukutholakala kwesitho kuhlanganisa ukukhonjwa ngokushesha komthombo wezinhlungu, ngakho-ke uchwepheshe uqoka iziguli ezengeziwe ukuhlolwa kwezingxenye ezisele zohlelo lokugaya ukudla.

Isifo sezinhlungu esidalwa izinqubo zokuvuvukala sifana nokuboniswa kwezinye izifo:

• i-pyelonephritis;
• i-osteochondrosis;
• i-pathologies yekholoni;
• i-herpes zoster.

Ukubona lezi zimo, kumele wenze lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

1. Palpate umgogodla (lumbar). Iziguli ezine-osteochondrosis ethuthukile zizozwa izinhlungu njengamanje.
2. Hlola ingaphezulu lesikhumba. Ukuba khona kwesixhumo kungakhombisa igciwane le-herpes.
3. Thepha emhlane ngeminwe endaweni yezinso. Ukubonakala kobuhlungu njengamanje kubonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pyelonephritis. Isibonakaliso esengeziwe salesi sifo igazi emchameni.
4. Zizwe indawo ye-epigastric lapho umuntu esehlangothini lwesobunxele noma emuva. Uma izinhlungu ohlangothini ziba kancane, khona-ke sikhuluma nge-pancreatitis. Ukungabikho koshintsho kokungakhululeki kukhombisa i-pathology yekoloni.

Ukuxilongwa kokugcina kuzoncika emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuhlolwa komchamo, i-Ultra, i-radiography, ama-program kanye nokunye ukuhlolwa. Ukuqaliswa kwabo kuzokuvumela ukuthi ungalingisi kuphela umsebenzi we-gland, kodwa futhi nawo wonke umzimba.

Ungazibona kanjani izimpawu zezinqubo zokuvuvukala?

Ukuthuthukiswa kokuvuvukala kuboniswa hhayi ngobuhlungu kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinye izimpawu.

Isimo somtholampilo sokwanda kwe-pancreatitis:

• ukukhuphuka noma ukuwa komfutho wegazi;
• ukwanda kokushisa kuya emazingeni aphezulu (cishe ama-40º);
• Ubuso besiguli bungase buthathe grey;
• i-jaundice yesikhumba (kungumphumela wokucindezelwa kweziqubu zepheji le-biliary);
• umlomo owomile
• ukuphefumula kwe-hiccups noma isicanucanu;
• ukugabha, emva kwalokho akukho mpumuzo;
• isifo sohudo
• ukuba khona komoya omfishane;
• ukugoqa okuphuzi ebusweni bolimi;
• ukubonakala kwamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enkabeni, izitho zangasese kanye naphansi emuva;
• ubuthakathaka.

Uhlobo olungamahlalakhona lwe-pancreatitis alunazimpawu eziveziwe.

Ukuntuleka kwama-enzyme akhiqizwa ngumzimba kungadala ukuboniswa okungajabulisi:

• ukulahleka kwesifiso sokudla noma ukuncipha kwaso;
• ukunciphisa isisindo;
• isicanucanu
• ukuthopha;
• ukuqhuma
• ukuphazamiseka kwesisu.

Ukushoda isikhathi eside kwama-enzyme kuthuthukisa i-malabsorption syndrome, ebonakala ngokungagcwaliswa ngokuphelele kwezakhi zomzimba ngamathumbu. Lezi ziphazamiso zibangela ukuthuthukiswa kokushoda kwe-vitamin nokubonakaliswa kwe-dysbiosis, noma ngabe umuntu alandela imithetho yokudla ngokulinganisela.

Ividiyo evela kuDkt Malysheva yokuthi ungawanakekela kanjani ama-pancreas:

Ushintsho lwe-pathreas kuma-pancreas luthinta kabi inhlala-kahle yesiguli. Bafaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni izinhlungu, kuholele ekuphazamisweni kwesistimu yokugaya ukudla. Ukuvela kwabo kungavinjelwa ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kwezifo ezihambisanayo nokuhambisana nezindlela zokuthibela.