Incazelo kanye nokuhlukaniswa okwamukelekile kwesifo sikashukela

Isifo sikashukela isifo sikashukela yisifo esijwayelekile esihambisana nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-carbohydrate metabolism futhi sihambisana nokwenyuka komthamo weglue glucose.

Ngokwencazelo ye-WHO (World Health Organisation), kunokuhlukaniswa kwesifo sikashukela emakilasini.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwesifo sikashukela

Ngokuya ngezigaba, kufanele ihlukaniswe:

• isifo sikashukela mellitus;
• isifo sikashukela;
• kwezomzimba kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.

Ngokuya nge-ICD 10 (ukuhlukaniswa kwezifo emhlabeni jikelele), ukwahlukaniswa kwesimanje kubukeka kanjena:

• Uhlobo 1 - kuncike kwe-insulin, Ikhodi ye-E10 (insulin iyimpoqo);
• Izinhlobo ezi-2 - i-non-insulin-ezimele, ikhodi i-E11 (ivuselela isisindo ngokweqile kanye nokunikezwa kwegazi okungenampilo);
• ikhodi E12 - okubangelwa ukungondleki (kwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokulamba noma ukungasebenzi kwesibindi nokusebenza kwezinso);
• ikhodi E13 - exubile;
• ikhodi E14 - uhlobo olungapheli lwe-pathology.

Siyini isifo sikashukela esiyingozi? Iqiniso lokuthi kunomehluko ezimpawu zesigaba ngasinye salesi sifo, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lubangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo zangaphakathi zomzimba.

Uhlobo olu-1

Uhlobo 1 i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin yisifo esenziwa ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana pancreas, okuholela ekuqongeleleni ushukela omningi emzimbeni. I-pathology enjalo iba nokuntuleka kwe-insulin edingekayo yokudla okwenziwe kahle kwe-carbohydrate.

I-gland ethintekile ayikwazi ukubhekana nokukhiqizwa kwehomoni eyanele. Kulokhu, ukufakwa kweglucose kumaseli kunzima futhi ushukela wegazi uyakhuphuka. Indlela eyinhloko yokuncipha kokuntuleka kwe-hormone ukufaka njalo i-insulin emzimbeni.

Iziguli ezinalolu hlobo lwe-pathology kufanele zilandele uhlelo lokufakwa kwemijovo ye-insulin impilo yazo yonke ukuze zisebenze. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lubizwa ngokuthi yi-insulin-kuncike.

Lolu hlobo lwe-pathology luvame ukuzalwa futhi lutholakala ebusheni noma ebusheni.

Izinto zevidiyo kumshini wohlobo lwesifo sikashukela 1:

Izimpawu eziphambili zesifo zivela kanjena:

• ukwanda kokuchama kanye nokukhipha umthamo omkhulu womchamo;
• ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla;
• ukoma okungagculisi;
• umuzwa womlomo owomile;
• isikhumba esikhanyayo;
• ukunciphisa umzimba okungacaciswanga;
• ubuthakathaka, ukozela.

Ngokwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi, isilinganiso soshukela esandayo siyabonakala, amaseli wamafutha atholakala umchamo.

Esikhathini esizayo, izinhlungu ezibikiwe esiswini zijoyina izimpawu, ezihambisana nokuhlaselwa isicanucanu kuthoba isifiso sokudla.

Ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto eziphikisayo, kungenzeka ukwanda okukhulu kwe-glucose, okuthi ngaphandle kokulungiswa kwesikhashana kuholele ku-hyperglycemia.

Ukuvusa ukwanda koshukela wegazi kungaba:

• uhlobo lwezinzwa;
• isifo esithathelwanayo noma sokuvuvukala;
• ukwephulwa kokudla;
• ukukhulelwa
• ukulimala
• ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala nokubhema;
• ukuzila ukudla ngokweqile noma ukudla ngokweqile;
• ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa;
• ukweqa imijovo ye-insulin noma umthamo ongafanele.

Ngenxa yeglucose yegazi engazinzile, uhlobo 1 sikashukela luyingozi ezinkingeni zalo:

• isifo sikashukela se-nephropathy kanye nokwehluleka kwezinso;
• ukulimala kohlelo lwezinzwa (i-neuropathy);
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• izifo zenhliziyo nezemithambo;
• i-ketoacidosis - inkinga ebangelwa ukuwohloka kwamaseli omzimba omzimba, okuholela ekwandisweni okwandayo kwemizimba ye-ketone;
• hyperglycemia

I-ketoacidosis ne-hyperglycemia kungadala ukukhula komzimba futhi kuholele ekufeni.

Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 yisifo esingalapheki futhi iziguli ezihlaselwa yilezi zifo kufanele zilinganise inani loshukela egazini lazo, zilandele ukudla okuqinile futhi zinamathele esimisweni sokujova kwe-insulin.

2 uhlobo

Lesi sifo sidalwa ukungasebenzi okwanele kwe-hormone insulin, ekhiqizwa kumanyikwe kakhulu, kepha asikwazi ukusebenzisana kahle namaseli futhi sinikele ekuwohlokeni kweglucose.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezifo. Ukushintshwa kwe-metabolism ku-carbohydrate metabolism yohlobo 1 kuhlobene nokungasebenzi kahle kwamanyikwe, futhi ku-2, ngokulahleka kokuqalwa kwama-receptors amaselula kuya ku-insulin.

Ngohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela, ukunxeshezelwa njalo kwehomoni akudingekile, futhi kubizwa ngokuthi kungeyona insulin-kuncike. Le pathology ikhula kubantu kuyo yonke impilo futhi imvamisa iziveza ngokwedlule.

Izici ezibalulekile ezithinta ukuvela kwalolu hlobo lwalesi sifo zibandakanya:

• isakhi sofuzo;
• ukukhuluphala;
• ukuhlukunyezwa kokudla okuphezulu kuma-carbohydrate asheshayo noshukela;
• umsebenzi ophansi womzimba;
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• utshwala kanye nomlutha we-nicotine.

Izimpawu zohlobo 2 lwe-pathology azivezwa kahle futhi imvamisa i-pathology itholakala lapho kuhlolwa esinye isifo. Iziguli zingabona ukukhubazeka okubukwayo, ukwanda kokudla kanye nokuvela kokulunywa.

Ukuxilongwa kwalesi sifo kwenziwa ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo lwesampula legazi elithathwe ngemuva kokuzila ukudla amahora angama-8. I-Pathology iqinisekiswa ngamanani kashukela angaphezu kwesilinganiso esivumelekile.

Isifo sikashukela esingancike e-insulin, njengesifo sohlobo 1, aselapheki futhi siyisifo impilo yonke. Ukwelapha okusekelayo kuqukethe ukunamathela ekudleni okuqinile okune-predominance yokudla kwamafutha aphansi nezitsha zemifino kanye nokususwa kwamafutha, amaswidi kanye nesitashi kusuka kumenyu. Izindlela zokwelapha ezingeziwe ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela nokuzwela-ngcono amaseli ama-cell receptors, kanye nokwethulwa komzimba olinganiselayo.

Isidingo sokwelashwa okuphumelelayo ukulahleka kwesisindo nokwenqatshwa kwemikhuba emibi. Iziguli zidinga ukuqapha amazinga kashukela futhi zithathe izilinganiso kaningana ngosuku.

Isifo sikashukela

Ukungasebenzi kwe-hypothalamus, ngenxa yokuthi kukhiqizwa inani elinganele le-vasopressin emzimbeni, ibizwa ngokuthi yi -abetes insipidus. IVasopressin yi-hormone ebhekele ukusebenza kwezinsana nokuchama.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemithi:

1. I-Nephrogenic- Isifo esingajwayelekile kakhulu esivela ekuqhekekeni okungatheni kwamaseli wezinso kuye kwi-hormone ye-hypothalamus. I-Pathology ingenzeka ngenxa yomonakalo wezinso ngokuthatha umuthi noma ngenxa ye-discgenital anomaly.
2. I-Hypothalamic kukhula ngemuva kwesizinda sokukhiqizwa okunganele kwe-vasopressin futhi ihlukaniswe yaba uphawu - okubangelwa ukulimala kwengqondo ngezifo, ukulimala noma isimila, ne-idiopathic - kwakheka ngenxa yokuqagela kofuzo.

Ngakho-ke, izizathu ezibangela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela zifaka:

• ifa;
• ama-neoplasms ebuchosheni;
• ukulimala ekhanda;
• ukuvuvukala okungatheleleki kwamalunga
• Ama-pathologies we-vascular aphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi;
• isifo sezinso.

Izimpawu eziphambili zalesi sifo ziboniswa ngale ndlela:

• ukoma okungapheli;
• umthamo omkhulu womchamo (amanzi adliwa ngaphezu kwamalitha angama-20 ngosuku) (ngaphezu kwamalitha angama-25 ngosuku);
• i-migraine nokuqhekeka;
• hypotension;
• ukungazinzi ngokomzwelo;
• ukwehla kwesisindo kanye nokudla okungatheni;
• ukwehluleka komjikelezo wanyanga zonke;
• ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile.

Ngenxa yokugeleza ngokweqile okungena emzimbeni, isisu siyelulwa bese sidilizwa, amathumbu namazinyo e-bile ayathinteka. Izinguquko zenzeka ohlelweni lomchamo, olukhonjiswa ekuhlukaniseni i-ureters, i-revis pelvis kanye nesinye.

Ukwelashwa kwesifo kungendlela elandelayo:

• ukudla kokudla, okunomkhawulo wokudla kwamaprotheni;
• ukwelashwa kwezifo okuvusa ukuphazamiseka kokukhiqizwa kwama-hormone;
• ukuphindisela ukulahleka kukamanzi nama-electrolyte emzimbeni ngokufakwa ngaphakathi kwezixazululo ze-saline;
• Ukubuyiselwa kokusweleka kwe-vasopressin ngokufakwa kwe-desmopressin (esikhundleni se-hormone) ekhaleni.

Ngokulashwa okufanele, isifo sikashukela asithinti isikhathi sokuphila kweziguli.

Isifo sikashukela noma ukubekezelela ushukela omncane

Isimo se-prediabetes sibonisa ngokukhuphuka okuncane komthamo weglue glucose, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ngaphezulu kwamanani avumelekile. Ingozi yalolu hlobo lwe-pathology isengozini yokuba khona kwezifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, kanye nesifo sikashukela. Isimo esisongelayo sidinga ukuthola imbangela yokwehluleka kwenqubo ye-carbohydrate metabolism kanye nokwelashwa okufanele.

Izici eziholela kulesi simo zingaba:

• ukukhuluphala
• ukuguga;
• izifo ze-endocrine;
• ifa;
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• i-pathology yesibindi, izinso, amasosha omzimba kanye namasosha omzimba;
• isikhathi sokuzala ingane;
• ukuhlukunyezwa kokudla ushukela okuphezulu;
• ukwelashwa kwe-hormonal;
• uhlobo lwezinzwa;
• cholesterol ephezulu.

I-Pathology inezimpawu ezibucayi ovame ukungazazi:

• ukoma
• ukulahlekelwa amandla;
• isimo esinamandla;
• ukuthikamezwa yigciwane kanye nemkhuhlane.

Ukuthola lesi sifo, kuhlolwa igazi okwenzelwe ushukela. Isikhombi esesabekayo sizoba izinga elingaphezulu kuka-6.3 mmol / L.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe, abantu abanezihlobo ezinesifo sikashukela, nabantu abajwayele ushukela wegazi ophakeme, benza isivivinyo sokubekezelela ushukela. Izinkomba zocwaningo lokuqala zingaphezulu kuka-6.9 mmol / l, kanti eyesibili - hhayi ngaphezu kwe-11.2 mmol / l zikhombisa ukuthambekela kokuthuthukisa i-pathology.

Abantu abanjalo badinga ukuphinda bahlolwe igazi njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu. Ukuvimbela, udinga ukuhlolwa njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.

Ngemuva kokuxilonga lesi sifo, iziguli ziyalulekwa ukuthi zigweme ukukhathala ngokomzimba nangokwezinzwa, zikhuphule ukusebenza komzimba, zinamathele ekudleni kokudla bese zilahla notshwala nomlutha we-nicotine.

Ukuhambisana nezinyathelo zokuvimbela kuzovimbela ukuqhubekela phambili kokuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism futhi kuvikele ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela.

Ifomu lomzimba ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Ukuqunjelwa kweglucose egazini kwenzeka kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ngenxa yokwakhiwa kabusha kwesizinda se-hormonal kanye nokwehla komsebenzi womzimba. I-pathology enjalo inganyamalala ngokwayo ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane noma kuholele ekwandeni kwesifo sikashukela.

Ukuqapha njalo ushukela wegazi kuyimpoqo kuyo yonke inkathi yokumitha. Izindlela zokuthinta lesi sifo zingathinta kabi ukukhulelwa, impilo yengane noma umama olindile.

Amazinga kashukela aphezulu abangela ukuqina komfutho we-arterial kowesifazane okhulelwe, okuholela ekubukekeni kwe-edema enzima, yona, enegalelo ekwakheni i-hypoxia esibelethweni.

I-pathology engalunganga yandisa ukungena kweshukela egazini le-fetus, lapho kunomthelela ekwakhekeni kwamaseli wamafutha. Ngenxa yalokho, isisindo somzimba wengane nekhanda namahlombe esayizi kuyakhuphuka. Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abanefomu lokuthinta umzimba, kuvame ukuzalwa ingane enkulu, ifinyelela ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu amane wesisindo, ehlanganisa inqubo yokuzalwa kwengane futhi iholele ekulimaleni komsele wokubeletha.

Ukwehluleka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism kuvame ukubonwa kulesi sigaba sabantu:

• abesifazane abakhulelwe abanefa eliyindlalifa;
• abesifazane be-chubby;
• umlando wabesifazane abakhulelwe abanesifo sikashukela;
• abesifazane abane-ovary polycystic;
• abesifazane abane-glucose kumchamo wabo;
• iziguli ezisebenzisa kabi imikhuba emibi futhi ziphila impilo yokungasebenzi;
• abesifazane abakhulelwe abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme nezifo zesistimu yezinhliziyo;
• abesifazane abakhulelwe kakhulu esikhathini esidlule bake baba nezingane ezinkulu noma i-fetus enokukhubazeka kokukhula.

Ividiyo yesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa:

Ukwelashwa kokuzivocavoca kufanele kususelwe ezincomweni zikadokotela, ukubheka ushukela njalo, ukwanda okufanele komzimba nokudla. Esikhathini esizayo, abesifazane abanjalo kudingeka bahlolwe odokotela kanye ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ukuvimbela ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela.