Izimbangela, indlela yokuthuthuka nezimpawu zokuphikisana ne-insulin

Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwazo zonke izitho futhi kugcinwe umsebenzi obalulekile, umzimba udinga amandla, owakhiwa ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwe-glucose engena kumaseli.

I-insulin yama-pancreas iqinisekisa inqubo engaphazamiseki ye-metabolic. Esimweni lapho ama-hormone eyeka ukubonwa ngamaseli wezicubu, akhuluma ngokumelana ne-insulin.

Kuyini ukumelana ne-insulin?

I-hormone ekhishwa yi-gland isakazeka ngegazi emzimbeni wonke futhi ilawula ukufakwa kwe-glucose ngaphandle kwezicubu. Ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezingathandeki, i-metabolic syndrome ebizwa ngokuthi yi-insulin ukumelana ikhula, futhi amaprotheni, i-carbohydrate kanye ne-fat metabolism ayaphazamiseka.

Amangqamuzana ayeka ukuphendula nge-hormone, ukungena koshukela emangqamuzaneni kunzima, futhi kuqala ukuqongelela egazini. Ama-pancreas aqala ukukhiqiza inani elikhulayo le-hormone, kepha ukumelana nokuvikelwa kwe-insulin akuvumeli ukuba kusebenza ngempumelelo futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukugcwala koshukela egazini kuyanda. Ekugcineni, lokhu kungaholela esifweni senhliziyo, i-hyperglycemia, nesifo sikashukela.

Ukumelana ne-insulin kungenzeka kuwo womabili ama-hormone wemvelo akhiqizwa amanyikwe futhi emzimbeni ngomjovo.

Umshini nezimbangela

Ukuphikiswa kwe-insulin akubonisi izimpawu eziphawuliwe, kungenzeka ukuthi kunqume ukulahleka kokuzwela kwamaselula kwi-hormone kuphela ngemiphumela yokuhlaziya. Abathinteka kakhulu ekuqhakambisweni kwesifo esinjalo ngabesifazane asebekhulile kanye nabesilisa abadala kuneminyaka engama-30.

Izici ezilandelayo zingavusa ukuvela kokumelana ne-insulin:

1. Izici zokuzizwa. Ezingeni lokuthola izakhi zofuzo, kufakwa uhlobo oluthile lomfutho olufaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic.
2. Shintsha emazingeni e-hormonal. Amanye ama-hormone akhiqizwa ngokweqile yizitho zohlelo lwe-endocrine ayakwazi ukucindezela isenzo se-insulin.
3. Ukuphazamiseka Kwemikhuba Yomzimba Umzimba ukhiqiza ama-antibodies athinta umsebenzi we-hormone ngendlela efanele.
4. Ama-neoplasms abuhlungu kanye nama-benign.
5. Ingcindezi yesikhathi eside.
6. Ukuvama okweqile kwe-hormone okufakwa emzimbeni.
7. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezithile zamahomoni.
8. Ukuhlanganiswa kokungasebenzi kahle komzimba nokudla okungafanele, okuqukethe inani elikhulu lokudla okunamafutha kanye ne-carbohydrate.
9. Ingcindezi ephezulu kanye nokukhulupha ngokweqile.

Izici ezilandelayo zingathinta nokuzwela kwama-receptors amaselula:

• ukuzala ingane;
• izici zobudala;
• ukungondleki kwamangqamuzana abangelwa ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo ebuthongweni (i-apnea);
• i-nicotine kanye nomlutha wotshwala;
• izifo ezithathelwanayo;
• ukudla okulambile.

Ngaphansi kwethonya kwalezi zizathu, i-hormone iyayeka ukubhekana nemisebenzi yayo, futhi ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo kwe-pancreas kuholela ekweqile komzimba wayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-hyperinsulinemia, nakho okubangela umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nesisindo somzimba. IGlucose, engabonwa ngamangqamuzana, iyaqhubeka nokuqwabelana egazini bese kuthi i-hyperglycemia ivele. Lezi yizimpawu zokubonisa uhlobo 2 lwe-mellitus yesifo sikashukela.

Ubudlelwano nesifo sikashukela

Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 siwumphumela, hhayi imbangela yokumelana ne-insulin. Lesi sifo sikhula kubantu ababesempilweni ngaphambili, ngemuva kwesizathu esithile ama-cell receptors esengazweli kwi-hormone.

Isibopho esikhulu se-insulin ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-glucose ingena emzimbeni ngemuva kokudla, lapho ushukela uqhekeka khona bese kuphuma amandla.

Ngokumelana, amaseli awasabeli esenzweni se-hormone futhi aphazamisa ukumuncwa kweglucose. Ukuphendula, i-pancreas yandisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone ukusebenzisa ushukela ngokweqile.

Konke lokhu kwenzeka inqobo nje uma indlala inamandla okukhiqiza ama-hormone. Ngalesi sikhathi, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-insulin emzimbeni kugcina amazinga kashukela esezingeni elifanele. Lapho nje ukukhiqizwa kunciphe, ushukela ukhulisa kakhulu ukuhlushwa kwaso. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukwanda kwezinga likashukela kuqala ukubonwa hhayi nje kuphela ngemuva kokudla, kodwa futhi nesisu esingenalutho. Le ndlela sikhula ngayo isifo sikashukela.

Iziphi izifo ezibangelwa yi-insulin?

Ngokungeziwe ekuthuthukisweni kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ukumelana ne-insulin kungaholela ekutholakaleni kwe-pathologies enjalo:

1. I-ovary yePolycystic. Lesi sifo senzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokushintsha kwama-hormone kwabesifazane besikhathi sokuzala futhi kubonakaliswa ngokukhula kwezinwele ebusweni nasemzimbeni, ekuzuzeni isisindo nokungabikho noma ngokungahambisani nomjikelezo wanyanga zonke. I-Hyperandrogenism ihlotshaniswa ne-polycystic ovary, ngenxa yalokho i-testosterone iqala ukukhiqizwa ngamandla kuyo, echaza ukukhula kwesilevu namadevu kwabesifazane.
2. Isibindi esinamafutha sakhiwa njengesiphazamiso se-lipid metabolism, njengomphumela wokuthi amafutha amaningi ngokweqile aqongelela izicubu zesibindi futhi lokhu kungaholela ku-oncology noma i-cirrhosis ye-gland.
3. Isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi ukucasulwa ukwephulwa okufanayo kwezinqubo ze-metabolic, ngenxa yalokho i-cholesterol ihlala odongeni lwemithambo yegazi. Ifomu le-cholesterol plaque, izindonga zemikhumbi ziyaqina, okuholela ekunciphiseni kokukhanya kwemithambo yegazi nokuncipha kokugeleza kwegazi. Ukunikezwa kwegazi okunganele kwizitho zomzimba kufaka isandla ekuthomeni kwendlala ye-oksijini futhi ngokumelene nesizinda salokhu, ischemia, unhlangothi kanye nokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, i-angina pectoris ingahle ikhule. Ngaphezu kokumelana ne-insulin, ukuguqulwa kwe-atherosulinotic ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi kungakhula ngaphansi kwethonya lesifiso sokuthola ifa, umlutha we-nicotine kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu.
4. Ukukhula kokungafani. I-insulin ethe xaxa emzimbeni isheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamathambo kanye nemisipha, okubonakala ekukhuleni ngokushesha kwezingane kanye nokwenziwa kwezici ezinkulu zobuso.
5. I-Acrochordon iyi-lesion yesikhumba ngendlela yokwakheka kwama-polyps enenyama noma ansundu amnyama, akhombisa ngaphezu kwesikhumba.
6. I-Black acanthosis inguquko yokugudla emzimbeni wombala wesikhumba, obonakala ngokubonakala kwesiqeshana esimnyama sesikhumba emaphethelweni, emaqhugwaneni nasezintanjeni zentamo.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-pathology

Ukwephulwa kwenqubo ye-metabolic kuvame ukuboniswa ngokugcwala ngokweqile okhalweni nasezinkalweni.

Ungazenzela ngokuzimela isilinganiso sokuxilonga sokujikeleza kwesisu okhalweni usebenzisa itheyiphu yesentimitha.

Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukukhipha ububanzi bezinqe kusuka kububanzi besisu. Umehluko emadodeni kumele ungabi ngaphezu kwe-1, kwabesifazane 1.5-2.

Uma izinkomba zidlula umkhawulo ovumelekile, khona-ke lokhu kukhombisa ubukhona besisindo ngokweqile futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ubungozi bokuqalwa ukumelana ne-insulin.

Lapho ethola lesi sifo, udokotela wenza ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwesiguli, ulinganise ingcindezi, aqoqe imininingwane mayelana nezimpawu, indlela yokuphila kanye nemikhuba yesiguli, ukuba khona kwezifo ezihambisanayo kanye nokuthi kungenzeka ifa lofuzo lwe-pathology.

Ngokuzayo, izifundo zokuxilonga zibekiwe:

• ukubalwa kokuqina komzimba;
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi kokumelana ne-insulin kanye ne-biochemistry;
• i-electrocardiogram;
• I-Ultrasound

Isikhombi esiyinhloko ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-insulin. Lolu cwaningo lwenziwa ngemuva kokuzila ngokushesha okungamahora ayi-12, ngokuthatha isampula legazi kusuka kugobo lweseli kusuka emithanjeni. Okuqukethwe kwama-hormone okuvumelekile ngu-4-28 mcU / ml. Izinkomba ezandayo zikhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hyperinsulinemia futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukumelana ne-insulin.

Ukwelashwa kwezifo

Ngeshwa, izindlela eziphumelelayo zokwelapha i-pathology azikaze zenziwe. Kungenzeka ukuthi kulondolozwe izinga lama-hormone ngaphakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile kuphela ngokunciphisa isidingo somzimba sehomoni noma ngokwandisa ukubonakala kwamangqamuzana kuwo.

Ukwelashwa kokulondeka, ukusetshenziswa kokudla okwondlayo kusetshenziswa ngokuncipha kwenani lama-carbohydrate asheshayo, ukwanda kokuzivocavoca umzimba, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithi ethinta ama-cell receptors.

Ukudla

I-insulin ethe xaxa iyakhelwa ukuphendula ukuthathwa kwesamba esikhulu sikashukela. Ngakho-ke udinga ushukela omncane ngokudla. Lesi yisisekelo sokudla okumelana nama-hormone.

Kunconywe ukukhipha ngokushesha ama-carbohydrate asheshe abe ne-GI ephezulu (inkomba ye-glycemic) ekudleni, okungukuthi:

• imikhiqizo kafulawa kakolweni;
• ushukela kanye nemikhiqizo equkethe;
• amazambane, ilayisi nommbila;
• I-pasta
• ukudla okunamafutha nosawoti;
• amasoseji kanye nama-marinade;
• amasoso ashisayo nezinongo;
• iziphuzo zegesi kanye nekhofi eqinile.

Imenyu kufanele ifake imikhiqizo elandelayo:

• okusanhlamvu okuphelele noma imikhiqizo kafulawa we-rye;
• inhlanzi igcwele amanoni acid enempilo (i-salmon, i-mackerel, i-herring);
• ukudla kwasolwandle nokudla kwasolwandle (kelp, ukhula lwasolwandle, imbaza, squid);
• imikhiqizo yenyama enamafutha aphansi (inyama yenkomo, i-veal, inkukhu emhlophe, i-turkey, unogwaja);
• imifino enezithelo ezingena-fiber nezithelo ezingafakwanga ngopele (ama-apula, iklabishi, ukhukhamba, ithini lamapulangwe, zucchini);
• izindunduma nelayisi elinsundu;
• i-buckwheat ne-oatmeal;
• amakhambi amasha nemifino yesaladi;
• imikhiqizo yobisi nobisi olubilisiwe olunephesenti elincane lokuqukethwe kwamafutha;
• ama-walnuts nama-alimondi;
• uvunyelwe ukudla iqanda elibilisiwe nocezu lukashokoleti omnyama kabili ngesonto.

Ividiyo ekudleni eliphansi kwe-carb yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2:

Ehlelweni lokunciphisa umzimba, okuyiphuzu eliyinhloko lokwelashwa kwesondlo, kufanele kulandelwe imithetho elandelayo:

1. Ukudla akufanele kube nekhalori ephezulu, ngakho-ke kungcono ukudla ukudla okwenziwe ngumusi noma okufakiwe. Ungabhaka izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto bese uqeda ngokuphelele ukuthosa emafutheni.
2. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ibhalansi yamanzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele uphuze amalitha amanzi ayi-1.5-2 nsuku zonke.
3. Ungenzi izikhawu ezinde phakathi kokudla. Yidla kangcono kaningi, kepha ngezingxenye ezincane.
4. Awukwazi ukudla ngaphambi kokulala, kodwa futhi awukwazi ukubulawa yindlala.

Njengoba ukumelana ne-insulin kungalapheki, kuyofanela unamathele ezimisweni zokudla okufanele impilo yakho yonke.

Imithi

Kwemithi yokubuyisa ukuzwela kwama-receptor amaselula, kuchaziwe:

1. I-Metformin. Lesi kuphela isidakamizwa esivunyiwe njengesivimbelo ukuvimbela ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ngokunamathela okuqinile emthanjeni, iMetformin ikhulisa ukwanda kwama-cellular receptors kuma-pancreatic hormone, elehlisa ukugcwala koshukela egazini futhi kuvimbele ukunqwabelana kwe-insulin.
2. I-Acarbose Inamandla okuvimba ukuwohloka kwama-carbohydrate, okuvimbela ukukhula ngokushesha kwe-glucose ngemuva kokudla. Ngenxa yalokhu, insulin encane iyadingeka.

Izidakamizwa ezinjenge-troglitazone kanye ne-rosiglitazone, ezithinta ukuzwela kwamaseli, azisabekelwa iziguli ezenqaba ne-insulin ngenxa yemiphumela emibi esibindini.

Isimo sezulu nokuvikela

Ukumelana ne-insulin akelapheki ngokuphelele futhi kungathuthuka ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi. Ukuntuleka kokwelashwa okwenele okusekelwe ekushintsheni kwempilo nokudla okunempilo, kanye nokuthatha imishanguzo enconyiwe, kuholela ekukhuleni kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Lesi sifo esingathi sína singadala ukulimala okukhulu kwenhliziyo nezitho zohlelo lokugaya, ama-pathologies wezinqubo zokuzala nokuzala, futhi kuholele ekwephulweni kwesakhiwo nemisebenzi yezicubu zamathambo, izicubu kanye nokuhlangana. Isifo esingalawulwa singathinta isikhathi sokuphila futhi sibangele ukufa.

Njenge-prophylaxis yokumelana ne-insulin, kunconywa:

• lawula isisindo sakho, uvikele ukukhula kokukhuluphala;
• gcina izimiso zokudla okufanele;
• yekela ukubhema notshwala;
• yabela njalo isikhathi semidlalo nezinyawo;
• Ungathathi imishanguzo ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela.

Ukusetshenziswa kwesethi yezindlela zokuvimbela kuhlangene nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha minyaka yonke kanye nokuhambisana nazo zonke izincomo zikadokotela kuzokuvumela ukuthi ulawule ukugcwala kwe-insulin noshukela emzimbeni.