Izimpawu nokwelashwa kwe-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela

Ukulimala kwemithambo kubhekwa njengenye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu eziphikiswa ngemuva kwesifundo eside sikashukela kanye nokubola kwesifo.

Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Microangiopathic kuthuthuka ngesilinganiso esinciphile, ngakho-ke iziguli eziningi isikhathi eside aziziboni izimpawu zokubonakala kwalesi simo.

Ukwehliswa okubonakalayo okunciphisiwe kusho ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kwe-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela.

Uma kungekho zindlela ezidingekayo zokwelapha okuhloswe ngazo ukubambezela ukuqhubekela phambili kokugula, umuntu angaba yimpumputhe ngokuphelele.

Izimbangela Nezingozi Zengozi

I-retinopathy, njengenye yezinkinga zesifo sikashukela, ibonakala ngomonakalo emikhunjini ye-retina. Lesi sifo sinekhodi ngokuya nge-ICD 10 - H36.0.

Ukuxazulula kuboniswa kulezi zinguquko ezilandelayo emithanjeni yegazi:

• imvume yabo iyanda;
• i-capillary occlusion yenzeka;
• kuvela imikhumbi emisha;
• kwakhiwa izicubu zesilonda.

Ubungozi bezinkinga benyuka ezigulini ezinokuhlangenwe nakho kwazo okugula kudlula iminyaka emi-5. Ekuqaleni, i-pathology ayihambisani nezimpawu ezikhulunywayo, kepha njengoba iqhubeka, ithinta kakhulu umbono wesiguli kanye nekhwalithi yempilo.

Izindonga zawo ziqukethe ungqimba olulodwa lwamaseli akhula ngokushesha angakhumuka ngisho nalapho umuntu elele. Ukulimala okuncane ezindongeni ze-vascular kubangela i-hemorrhage encane, ngakho-ke i-retina ibuyiselwa ngokushesha.

Ngokuqhuma okukhulu, izinqubo ezingenakuphikiswa zenzeka, okuholela ekuguqukeni komzimba, futhi kwezinye izimo kuze kukhule nezicubu zomzimba ezikhona. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu angaba yimpumputhe.

Izici ezibangela i-retinopathy:

• isipiliyoni sikashukela;
• amanani we-glycemic;
• ukwehluleka okungapheli kwezinso;
• i-dyspidemia;
• amanani we-arterial hypertension;
• ukukhuluphala
• ukukhulelwa
• ukuba khona kwe-metabolic syndrome;
• ifa lokuqagela;
• ukubhema

Abantu abangagcini amanani ajwayelekile we-glycemic basengozini enkulu yezinkinga eziningi zesifo sikashukela.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwesiteji

I-retinopathy ngesikhathi sokukhula kwayo idlula ngezigaba eziningana:

1. Okungahambi kahle. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology kuqala ngenxa yokuqukethwe kweglucose ephezulu egazini leziguli. Izindonga zemikhumbi ziba buthakathaka, ngenxa yalokho ama-hemorrhages ayanda futhi kwanda ukwanda kwemithambo yegazi. Umphumela wezinguquko ezinjalo ukubonakala kokuvuvukala kwe-retina. I-retinopathy ingenzeka kulesi sigaba iminyaka eminingana ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezinzima.
2. I-Preproliferative. Ukuze lesi sigaba senzeke, izimo ezinjengokuvela kwemithambo ye-carotid artery, i-myopia noma i-atrophy ye-opic nerve ziyadingeka. Umbono weziguli uncishiswe kakhulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-oksijini ku-retina.
3. Iyanda. Ngalesi sikhathi, izindawo ze-retina ezinokulimazeka kokujikeleza kwegazi zanda. Ukulamba kwamangqamuzana oksijini nokukhululwa kwezinto ezithile kubangela ukukhula kwemikhumbi emisha ye-pathological. Umphumela woshintsho olunjalo ukushisa nokuvuvukala okuvela njalo.

Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela i-retinopathy

Ukugqama kwalesi sifo kubonakaliswa eqinisweni lokuthi ukuthuthuka kwalo nokukhula kwalo kwenzeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu nobuhlungu obusobala. Ekuqaleni kokuvela kwe-pathology, kubonakaliswa ukuwohloka okuncane kumbono, futhi amaphuzu avela phambi kwamehlo angumphumela wokungena kwezigaba zegazi emzimbeni we-vitreous.

I-edema ye-Macular icasule kwezinye izimo umuzwa wokufiphala kwezinto ezibonakalayo kumuntu, ubunzima bokufunda noma bokwenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi ebangeni eliseduze.

Esigabeni sokugcina sentuthuko, ubunzima bungenzeka futhi kudlule kubo uqobo - amabala amnyama noma iveli phambi kwamehlo, okuyimiphumela yokuphuma kwegazi okukodwa. Nge-lesion enkulu ye-vascular, umbono uncipha kakhulu noma ukulahleka kwawo okuphelele kwenzeka.

Ukuxilongwa kwalesi sifo

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kwe-retinopathy kwandisa amathuba esiguli okugcina umbono nokuvimbela ukulimala okuphelele kwengqondo.

Izindlela Zokucwaninga:

1. IVisiometry I-acuity yekhwalithi neyokubukwa ihlolwe kusetshenziswa itafula elikhethekile.
2. Perimetry. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi unqume i-angle yokubuka kwamehlo. Ukuba khona komonakalo osobala ku-cornea ezimweni eziningi kuboniswa ukwehla emkhakheni wokubukwa kwesiguli sikashukela kuqhathaniswa nomuntu ophilile.
3. I-Biomicroscopy Ucwaningo lwenziwa kusetshenziswa isibani esikhethekile ngesikhathi kuhlolwa i-anterior fundus yamehlo futhi sivumela ukukhomba ukwephulwa ku-cornea noma i-retina.
4. I-Diaphanoscopy. Indlela eyenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola ukuthi kukhona i-fundus tumor. Kususelwa ekuhlolweni kwe-fundus ngesibuko esikhethekile.
5. I-Ophthalmoscopy
6. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound Kusetshenziswa ezigulini ezine-opacities ese zitholiwe yomzimba we-vitreous, cornea noma ilensi.
7. I-Electroretinography. Ucwaningo luyadingeka ukuhlola ukusebenza kwe-retina, kanye nerve ye-opic.
8. I-Gonioscopy Le ndlela yokuxilonga yenza ukuthi kubhaliswe ukuhamba kwegazi emithanjeni futhi kukhombe ukwephulwa engxenyeni engasemuva ye-fundus.

Imvamisa yokuhlolwa ngudokotela wezifo zamehlo ixhomeke kubude bokugula kwesiguli, ukwephula okuveziwe ngokumelene nesizinda salesi sifo kanye nobudala bakhe.

Izinsuku zokuhlola (eziphambili):

• Iminyaka emi-5 ngemuva kokutholwa kwesifo sikashukela ezigulini ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-30;
• uma isifo sikashukela sitholakala kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-30;
• ku-1st trimester yokukhulelwa.

Ukuhlolwa okuphindwayo kufanele kwenziwe njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Uma iziguli zinezinkinga ezibukwayo noma izinqubo ze-pathological e-retina, isikhathi sokuhlolwa sinqunywa ngudokotela. Ukwehla okubukhali embonweni kufanele kube yisikhathi sokuvakasha okungavamile ngudokotela wezifo zamehlo.

Izinto zevidiyo ezimbangela nasekuxilongeni i-retinopathy:

Ukwelashwa kwe-pathology

Imigomo yezindlela zokwelapha isuselwa ekuqedeni ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic kanye nokubheka izinga le-glucose egazini, umfutho wegazi kanye nokuqapha i-lipid metabolism. Indlela yokwelashwa ayinqunyelwe kuphela ngudokotela wezifo zamehlo, kodwa futhi nodokotela oyi-endocrinologist.

Ukwelashwa kwe-retinopathy kubandakanya imisebenzi elandelayo:

• Ukulawulwa kwe-glycemia, kanye ne-glucosuria;
• ukunamathela okuphoqelekile ekudleni okukhethekile;
• Ukukhetha kwe-insulin therapy regimen;
• ukuthatha ama-angioprotectors, izidakamizwa ze-antihypertensive;
• ukwenza imijovo ye-steroid ye-intravitreal;
• laser coagulation yezindawo ezithintekile ze-retina.

Izinzuzo zokwelashwa kwe-Laser:

• ukucindezela inqubo ye-neovascularization futhi ivimbela ukuvikelwa kwe-retinal;
• phakathi nale nqubo, kusha amasayizi ahlukahlukene ebusweni be-retina, okunciphisa indawo okusebenza kuyo futhi kuvuse ukugeleza kwegazi okwenyukayo engxenyeni ephakathi;
• isusa imikhumbi ene-pathological permeability;
• kuvusa ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emisha.

Izinhlobo zokuhlangana kwe-laser:

1. Isithiyo. Le ndlela iqukethe ukusebenzisa ama-coagulates e-paramacular imigqa, isetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kokuphindeka kabusha nge-macema edema.
2. Okugxile. Lolu hlobo lwe-coagulation lwenziwa ukwenza i-cauterize microaneurysms, ama-hemorrhage amancane atholwe ngesikhathi se-angiography.
3. I-Panretinal. Ngenqubo yokwenza lolu hlobo lwe-laser coagulation, ama-coagulates asetshenziswa kuyo yonke indawo ye-retina, ngaphandle kwesifunda se-macular. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuvimbela ukuqhubeka kwe-retinopathy.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezingeziwe:

1. I-Transscleral Cryoretinopexy - Ithinta izindawo ezonakele ze-retina, okudala ukugcwala kwensiza yamehlo.
2. I-Vitrectomy. Inqubo isetshenziselwa ukukhipha i-vitreous, dis dispent of the Interior izicubu zezintambo, futhi ibuye i-cauterize nemithambo yegazi. Ukukhwabanisa kuvame ukusetshenziselwa i-retina detachment, eyakhula esigabeni sokugcina se-retinopathy.

Imithi esetshenziswa kakhulu kwi-retinopathy yile:

• I-Decinon
• Trental;
• Divaxan
• "Ubuhlungu umphimbo."

Isimo sezulu nokuvikela

I-retinopathy ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela ingalashwa ngempumelelo ezinyangeni zokuqala zokukhula kwayo.

Ezigabeni zokugcina zokuqhubeka kwezifo, izindlela eziningi zokwelapha azisebenzi.

Kungakho kubalulekile ukuthi iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zifeze izindlela zokuthibela ezinconyelwe odokotela, ezibandakanya amaphuzu amathathu:

1. Ukuqapha amazinga kashukela egazini.
2. Ukugcina amanani omfutho wegazi ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile.
3. Ukuhambisana nohlobo olunqunyelwe lokwelashwa olususelwa ekusetshenzisweni kwezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela noma ukwenza imijovo ye-insulin engenayo insulin.

Ukuvakasha okufika ngesikhathi kudokotela wezifo zamehlo kuvumela iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ukuba zigcine umbono wazo isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka futhi kuvikele nemiphumela engenakuphikwa yesifo elimaza futhi ichithe i-retina.