Ukusebenza ngokuphelele komzimba womuntu, umsebenzi ohlanganisiwe wazo zonke izitho zawo uyadingeka. Okuningi kwalokhu kuncike ekukhiqizweni kwama-hormone nokuqukethwe kwawo okwanele.
Enye yezitho ezibhekene nokuhlanganiswa kwama-hormone ama-pancreas. Ikhiqiza izinhlobo eziningana zamahomoni, kufaka phakathi i-glucagon. Yimiphi imisebenzi yayo emzimbeni womuntu?
Ama-pancreatic mahormone
Uma kwenzeka ukwephulwa emsebenzini womzimba womuntu, kufanele kubhekwe izici ezahlukahlukene. Zingaba ngaphandle nangaphakathi. Phakathi kwezinto ezingaphakathi ezingavusa ukukhula kwezinguquko ze-pathological, umuntu angabiza ngokweqile noma ukuntuleka kwama-hormone ohlobo oluthile.
Ukulungisa le nkinga, kufanele wazi ukuthi imuphi indlala ekhiqiza uhlobo olulodwa noma olunye lwekhompiyutha ukuze uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo.
Ama-pancreas akhiqiza izinhlobo eziningana zama-hormone. Okusemqoka insulin. Yi-polypeptide, equkethe ama-amino acid angama-51. Ngokwakheka okunganele noma okweqile kwale hormone, ukuphambuka kwenzeka emzimbeni womuntu. Izinkomba zayo ezijwayelekile zisukela ku-3 ziye ku-25 μU / ml. Ezinganeni, izinga layo liyancipha kancane, kwabesifazane abakhulelwe lingakhuphuka.
I-insulin iyadingeka ukunciphisa ushukela. Isebenzisa ukufakwa kweglucose ngemisipha ne-adipose izicubu, iqinisekisa ukuguqulwa kwayo kube yi-glycogen.
Ngaphezu kwe-insulin, ama-pancreas anesibopho sokuhlanganiswa kwamahomoni anjengalawa:
- I-peptide. Akuyona enye yama-hormone aphelele. Eqinisweni, lesi ngesinye sezakhi ze-proinsulin. Ihlukaniswa ne-molecule enkulu futhi ivela egazini. I-C-peptide ilingana ne-insulin, ngesilinganiso se-pathologies yesibindi namanyikwe. Ubuye futhi akhombe ekuthuthukisweni kwesifo sikashukela.
- I-Glucagon. Esenzweni sawo, le-hormone iyi-okuphambene ne-insulin. Isici saso ukwanda kwamazinga kashukela. Lokhu kutholakala ngenxa yomphumela wawo esibindini, esivusa ukukhiqizwa koshukela. Futhi, ngosizo lwe-glucagon, amafutha aqhekekile.
- I-Pancreatic Polypeptide. Le hormone itholwe muva nje. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukusetshenziswa kwe-enzymes ye-bile ne-digestive kuyancishiswa, okuqinisekiswa ngomthethonqubo wemisipha ye-gallbladder.
- Somatostatin. Kuthinta ukusebenza kwamanye ama-hormone e-pancreatic nama-enzyme. Ngaphansi kwethonya lazo, inani le-glucagon, i-hydrochloric acid kanye ne-gastrin liyancipha, futhi inqubo yokumuncwa kwe-carbohydrate iyancipha.
Ngaphezu kwalawa ma-hormone, ama-pancreas nawo akhiqiza amanye. Umsebenzi womzimba kanye nengozi yokwakha ama-pathologies kuncike ekutheni inani labo lihambisana kangakanani nesilinganiso.
I-Glucagon isebenza emzimbeni
Ukuze uqonde kangcono indima ye-glucagon emzimbeni womuntu, kuyadingeka ukucubungula imisebenzi yayo.
Le hormone ithinta isistimu yezinzwa ephakathi, okuncike ekuqineni kokuqina kweglucose egazini. I-glucose ikhiqizwa isibindi, futhi i-glucagon iyabandakanyeka kule nqubo. Ubuye alawule inani layo egazini. Ngenxa yesenzo sayo, ama-lipid aqhekeka phansi, esiza ukunciphisa inani le-cholesterol. Kepha lokhu akuyona imisebenzi kuphela yaleli hormone.
Ngaphezu kwabo, wenza lezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- kushukumisa ukuhamba kwegazi ezinso;
- kugqugquzela ukumbumbuluzwa kwe-sodium, kwenza imisebenzi yesistimu yethambo;
- kubuyisela amaseli wesibindi;
- kwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-calcium ngaphakathi kwamaseli;
- unikeza umzimba amandla, wephula ama-lipids;
- yenza umsebenzi wezinhliziyo ube munye, othinta isilinganiso sethonya;
- kwandisa ingcindezi.
Umphumela wayo emzimbeni uthathwa njengophambene nalokho i-insulin enakho.
Uhlobo lwamakhemikhali lwehormone
I-biochemistry yale khompiyutha nayo ibaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni ngokuphelele ukubaluleka kwayo. Kuvela ngenxa yomsebenzi wamaseli we-alpha weziqithi zeLangenhans. Kwenziwa futhi nezinye izingxenye zepheshana lesisu.
I-Glucagon uhlobo olulodwa lohlobo lwe-polypeptide. Inama-amino acid angama-29. Isakhiwo saso sifana ne-insulin, kepha iqukethe ama-amino acid angekho ku-insulin (tryptophan, methionine). Kepha i-cystine, isoleucine ne-proline, eziyingxenye ye-insulin, azikho ku-glucagon.
Le hormone yakhiwa isuka kushukela we-glucagon. Inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwayo incike enanini lama-glucose angena emzimbeni ngokudla. Ukugqugquzelwa kokukhiqizwa kwayo kungokwama-arginine ne-alanine - ngokwanda kwenani labo emzimbeni, i-glucagon yakheka ngokujulile.
Ngokusebenza ngokweqile komzimba, inani lakhona lingakhuphuka kakhulu. Futhi, okuqukethwe kwayo esegazini kuthonywa yi-insulin.
Indlela yokusebenza
Inkomba eyinhloko yaleli khompiyutha isibindi. Ngaphansi kwethonya lakhe, i-glycogenolysis yenziwa kulesi sitho kuqala, futhi emuva kwesikhashana - ketogenesis ne-gluconeogeneis.
Le hormone ayikwazi ukungena kumaseli wesibindi uqobo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ahlanganyele nama-receptors. Lapho i-glucagon ixhumana ne-receptor, i-adenylate cyclase icushiwe, enomthelela ekwenzeni i-cAMP.
Ngenxa yalokho, inqubo yokuqhekeka kwe-glycogen iyaqala. Lokhu kukhombisa isidingo somzimba weglucose, ngakho-ke ingena ngokuqondile egazini ngesikhathi se-glycogenolysis. Enye inketho ukuyihlanganisa kwezinye izinto. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-gluconeogeneis.
Kuyi-inhibitor yokuhlanganiswa kwe-protein. Umphumela wayo uvame ukuhambisana nokuphelelwa amandla kwenqubo ye-glucose oxidation. Umphumela uba ketogenesis.
Le khompiyutha ayithinti i-glycogen equkethwe izicubu zamathambo, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwama-receptors kuzo.
Ukwanda kwenani le-cAMP elibangelwa yi-glucagon kuholela kumphumela we-inotropic ne-chronotropic ku-myocardium. Ngenxa yalokho, umfutho wegazi lomuntu uyakhuphuka, izinkontileka zenhliziyo ziyaqina futhi zanda. Lokhu kunikeza kusebenze kokujikeleza kwegazi nokunondla kwezicubu ezinomsoco.
Inani elikhulu lale khompiyutha libangela umphumela we-antispasmodic. Ebantwini, izicubu ezibushelelezi zezitho zangaphakathi ziyaphumula. Lokhu kukhulunywa kakhulu maqondana namathumbu.
I-glucose, i-keto acid namafutha acashile ziyizakhi zomhlaba. Ngaphansi kwethonya le-glucagon, bayadedelwa, ngenxa yokuthi kwenziwa ukuthi batholakale ezicubu zomthambo. Ngenxa yokugeleza kwegazi okusebenzayo, lezi zinto zisakazeka kangcono emzimbeni wonke.
Yini eholela ekwehleni nasekuntuleni kwe-hormone emzimbeni?
Umphumela oyisisekelo we-hormone ukukhuphuka kwenani lama-glucose namafutha acid. Ukuze kube ngcono noma kubi kakhulu, kuya ngokuthi i-glucagon yenziwa malini.
Lapho kukhona ukuphambuka, kuqala ukukhiqizwa ngamanani amakhulu - ngendlela yokuthi kuyingozi ekwakhiweni kwezinkinga. Kepha okuqukethwe kwayo okuncane kakhulu, okubangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle emzimbeni, kuholela emiphumeleni emibi.
Ukukhiqizwa okwedlulele kwaleli khompiyutha kuholela ekushiseni komzimba ngokweqile okunamafutha acid noshukela. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lo mkhuba ubizwa nge-hyperglycemia. Icala elilodwa lokuvela kwalo aliyona ingozi, kepha i-hyperglycemia ehlelekile iholela ekuthuthukiseni ukuphazamiseka. Ingahambisana ne-tachycardia kanye nokwenyuka okungapheli kwengcindezi yegazi, okuholela ekuphakameni kwegazi (hypertension and inhliziyo).
Ukunyakaza kakhulu kwegazi ngemithambo kungadala ukugqokwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kubangele isifo semithambo.
Ngenani elincane elijwayelekile laleli hormone, umzimba womuntu uhlangabezana nokuntuleka kweglucose, okuholela ku-hypoglycemia. Lesi simo siphinde sibe phakathi kwezingozi neziyingozi, ngoba zingadala izimpawu eziningi ezingemnandi.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- isicanucanu
- Isiyezi
- ukuthuthumela
- umthamo wokusebenza ophansi;
- ubuthakathaka
- ukwazi okungaphelele;
- iminyakazo.
Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, isiguli singafa.
Izinto zevidiyo ezenziwa nge-glucagon enesisindo somuntu:
Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, singasho ukuthi, ngaphandle kwezici eziningi eziwusizo, okuqukethwe kwe-glucagon emzimbeni akufanele kudlule okujwayelekile.
