Ukubona inani le-glucose esegazini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kusenesikhathi kwenza ukuthi sikwazi ukuqala ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokuba kube nezinkinga eziyingozi.
Inkomba eqinisekisa ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela sokuthinta esigulini yi-glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c).
Kusho ukuthini inkomba?
Igazi liqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezahlukahlukene ezijikeleza emzimbeni womuntu njalo. Enye yezingxenye ze-hemoglobin ephelele esegazini, futhi ihlobene kakhulu noshukela, yi-HbA1c. Iyunithi lesilinganiso yipesenti. Ukuphambuka kwenkomba kusuka kunombolo eqondiwe esethiwe kubonisa ubukhona bezinkinga zempilo.
Ukuhlaziywa kuhanjiswa ezimweni ezimbili:
- ekuqondisweni kukadokotela (uma kukhonjisiwe);
- uma isiguli sifuna ukuqapha ngokuzimela inkomba, noma ngabe azikho izimpawu ezisobala zesifo.
I-HbA1c ikhombisa izinga eliphakathi le-glycemia izinyanga ezintathu. Umphumela wesifundo uvame ukutholakala ngakusasa noma ezinsukwini ezi-3 ezilandelayo, ngoba ijubane lokukhiqiza lincike elabhorethri ekhethiwe.
Kungenzeka ukuthi kuphumelele ukuhlolwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe
Indlela efanelekile yokunquma ukugcwala kwe-glucose kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ucwaningo lwe-glycated hemoglobin.
Lokhu kuhlaziywa kukuvumela ukuthi ukhombe ukuphambuka kwe-glycemia kusuka kumanani ajwayelekile futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuqinisa inkomba. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amanani ashukela aphezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa angathinta kabi isimo hhayi kuphela somama okhulelwe, kodwa futhi nentuthuko yengane.
Imiphumela yokwanda kwe-HbA1c:
- ingozi yokuba nengane enkulu inyuka;
- ukuzala izingane kungaba nzima;
- imithambo yegazi iyachithwa;
- ukwephulwa ekusebenzeni kwezinso kwenzeka;
- i-visual acuity iyancipha.
Izinzuzo Zokucwaninga:
- Ukuhlaziywa kubonakaliswa imiphumela enembe kakhudlwana kuqhathaniswa nokuzimisela okujwayelekile kwezinga loshukela noma indlela yokuthola ukubekezelela ushukela.
- Inika ithuba lokufunda ngokuba khona kwesifo sikashukela ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokukhula kwayo.
- Indlela yokufaka amasampula egazi ocwaningweni ukuhambisana nokuqina kwe-preanalytical, ngakho-ke okuvelayo okuku-vitro kuze kube yilapho kuhlaziywa uqobo.
- Igazi livunyelwe ukunikela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. Isikhathi sokudla kokugcina asiwuthinti umphumela.
- Izimo ezahlukahlukene zesiguli, kufaka phakathi ukucindezelwa, ukuba nomkhuhlane noma ukuthatha imishanguzo, musa ukuguqula umphumela.
- Ucwaningo lubhekwa njengelonke, ngakho-ke lusetshenziselwa noma yiziphi izigaba zeminyaka zeziguli.
Ubunzima bokuhlaziywa:
- izindleko eziphakeme zocwaningo;
- Ukuhlaziywa akwenziwa kuwo wonke ama-laboratories, futhi kwezinye izifunda akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele ukuthola i-HbA1c;
- umphumela uvame ukungathembeki uma owesifazane okhulelwe ene-anemia noma i-hemoglobinopathy.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi akuvamile njalo ukuvikela imiphumela engathandeki ekhula ngaphansi kwethonya lokuxineka okukhulu kwe-HbA1c. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwanda kwamanani eglucose kwenzeka kwabesifazane eduze nasekupheleni kwesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka ezinyangeni eziyi-8 noma eziyi-9, lapho kucishe kube nzima ukushintsha isimo.
Ucwaningo nge-glycated hemoglobin luyimpoqo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ababenesifo sikashukela ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kuqala. Imiphumela izokuvumela ukuthi ugcine amazinga we-glucose elawulwa futhi, uma kunesidingo, ulungisa irekhodi lokwelashwa. Imvamisa yokuhlolwa imvamisa njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5.
Ividiyo evela kuDkt Malysheva - isibuyekezo sokuhlolwa kwegazi:
Amabanga we
Isikhombi se-HbA1c sibonisa okuqukethwe kwe-hemoglobin ehlotshaniswa noshukela. Kwenza ukuthi kunqunywe ngokuthembekile i-glycemia evamile ezinyangeni ezi-3 ngaphambi kosuku lokufunda. Amanani we-glycated hemoglobin ayalingana kubo bonke abantu, kufaka phakathi abesifazane abakhulelwe nezingane.
Umphumela walolu cwaningo ubamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekuhlolweni kwesifo sikashukela nasekuhloleni ukusebenza kwezokwelapha kweziguli.
Inhloso yalokhu kuhlaziya:
- khomba ukungahambi kahle komzimba emzimbeni kusenesikhathi;
- qinisekisa noma uphike ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 noma uhlobo 2, kanye nesimo sokuthokomala salesi sifo;
- lawula inkambo ye-hypertension;
- hlola i-glycemia kwisifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa;
- vimbela ukuqhubeka kwesifo kanye nokuvela kwangaphambi kwezinkinga ngokukhomba ama-pathologies esigabeni sokuqala sentuthuko.
Izimpawu ezilandelayo kungaba yisizathu sokwenza ucwaningo lwe-HbA1c kwabesifazane abakhulelwe:
- umlomo owomile, ukoma okhuphukayo;
- ukuchama njalo;
- ukukhathala;
- izifo ezijwayelekile (ezithathelwanayo);
- kwehlise i-acuity ebonakalayo;
- ukululama kwenxeba isikhathi eside.
Ukulawulwa kwe-glucose yegazi kubhekwa njengokuvivinya okuphoqelekile kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Ukuphambuka kwesikhombisi okukodwa kusuka kunani elijwayelekile empeleni akuzwakali kumuntu, kepha umzimba uthola ushintsho olubi. Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi ushintsho ku-HbA1c noma luqashwe njalo lube lusondela enyangeni yesi-8 yokukhulelwa lapho kungenakwenzeka ukuvimba umphumela ongemuhle kuzingane.
Ilungiselela Ukuhlolwa kwe-HbA1c
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuningi kunconywa kuphela esiswini esingenalutho. I-Glycosylated hemoglobin ayidingi ukuhambisana nalesi simo, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi sihlaziye lesi sikhombisi ngisho nangemva kokudla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ibonisa inani eliphakathi le-glycemia lezinyanga ezi-3, hhayi ngesikhathi sokulinganiswa.
Umphumela we-HbA1c awuthinteki ngu:
- ukuhlwitha;
- ukuthatha izidakamizwa ze-antibacterial;
- umkhuhlane
- isimo somqondo sesiguli.
Izici ezifaka ekuphambukeni komphumela:
- ukuphazamiseka ku-gland yegilo, edinga ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezikhethekile ze-hormonal;
- ukuba khona kwe-anemia;
- ukudla ama-Vitamin E noma uC.
I-HbA1c imvamisa kunqunywa ngokungeniswa kwamasampula wegazi, kepha kwezinye izimo, isampula elithathwe emunweni lisebenza njengesihloko sesifundo. Ilabhoratri ngalinye likhetha indlela yokuhlaziya ngokuzimela.
Imvelo nokuphambuka kwezinkomba
Ngokusekelwe kumphumela we-glycated hemoglobin, kungaphethwa ngokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi isifo sikashukela sikhule ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Ithebula Lokuhunyushwa Kwemiphumela ye-HbA1c
IGlycated Hemoglobin | Ukuqonda umphumela | Izincomo |
|---|---|---|
Ngaphansi kuka-5.7% | Izinga le-glycemia lingaphansi kwemingcele ejwayelekile, ubungozi besifo sikashukela bukhulu | Akukho zilungiselelo zempilo ezidingekayo |
Ukusuka ku-5.7% kuya ku-6.0% | Azikho izimpawu zesifo sikashukela. Lesi sifo singakhula ngenxa yokungondleki kanye nendlela yokuphila. | Ekudleni kwakho kwansuku zonke, kufanele ukhawule inani lama-carbohydrate. |
I-6.1% iya ku-6.4% | Kukhona ingozi enkulu yesifo sikashukela. | Ukudla okuphoqelekile kuyadingeka |
Ngaphezu kuka-6.5% | Amanani enkomba akhombisa ushukela osolisayo wanoma yiluphi uhlobo noma uhlobo lokuthokomala lwalesi sifo. Ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwale sifo, kudingeka izivivinyo ezingezekile. | Ukubonisana kochwepheshe kuyadingeka ukukhetha iqhinga lokwelashwa kwezifo |
Kwabesifazane abasezikhundleni, amazinga amasha enkomba awakenziwa. Amanani okuhlosiwe ayalingana kubo bonke abantu.
Ukwethembeka kokuhlolwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kubalulekile ukubheka njalo izinga le-glycemia. Imvamisa, isifo sikashukela esenzeka lapho ingane izalwa ibonakala ngokudla okujwayelekile kwe-glycemia kanye namazinga aphezulu ngemuva kokudla.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inkomba ingahlala iphezulu amahora ambalwa kuphela ngemuva kokudla okuthile, bese izinza futhi, manje lesi sikhathi sanele ukulimaza umzimba wengane nonina. Kungakho kubalulekile ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe bahlole ushukela wegazi ngemuva kokudla, futhi banganciki kuphela emiphumeleni yocwaningo lwe-HbA1c.
Imiphumela ye-glycosylated hemoglobin ingahle ingafundisi, ngoba inani le-glycemia lenyuka kakhulu ezinyangeni zokugcina zokukhulelwa.
Izinga elingabukelwa phansi le-HbA1c livame ukutholwa ku-trimester yokuqala, futhi ngaphambi kokuzalwa lingadlula kakhulu ngokujwayelekile futhi liphazamise ukukhula kwesibeletho. Lesi simo singavinjelwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-glucose ngokubekezelela noma nge-glycemia yokuzihlola usebenzisa i-glucometer.
Amaqembu anobungozi nokulawulwa koshukela
Isikhombi se-glucose kowesifazane okhulelwe singashintsha njalo ngenxa yesizinda se-hormonal esivuselelwe. Ukuhlaziywa kunikezwa okokuqala ku-trimester yokuqala, bese iphindwa. Inani lezifundo, kanye nemvamisa yazo, linganqunywa kuphela ngudokotela. Lolu hlelo lokulawula lukuvumela ukuthi ubone izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezigabeni zokuqala zokubonakaliswa kwaso.
Abesifazane abakhulelwe abasengozini yokuba nesifo sikashukela kufanele bahlole amazinga abo kashukela ngisho nangaphambi kokukhulelwa ukuvikela izinkinga eziyingozi enganeni noma esiteji sokuhlela.
Iqembu eliyingozi lesifo sikashukela lifaka:
- abesifazane abakhulelwe abanefa eliyindlalifa;
- omama abakhulelwe abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35;
- abesifazane abazala ngaphambi kwezingane ezinkulu;
- abesifazane abakhulelwe ngokweqile;
- abesifazane asebeke baba nokuphuphuma kwesisu.
Ukudla okulinganiselayo kukamama wesikhathi esizayo akuvumeli kuphela ukulawula isimo somzimba wakhe, kodwa futhi kwandisa amathuba okuba nengane ephilile.
