UMSEBENZI WEZINSO EMZIMBENI WOMUNTU

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Inqubo yokuqothuka emzimbeni ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-homeostasis. Ikhuthaza ukuhoxiswa kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-metabolic engasakwazi ukusetshenziswa futhi, izinto ezinobuthi nezangaphandle, usawoti owedlulele, i-organic compounds namanzi.

Amaphaphu, umgudu wokugaya nesikhumba abamba iqhaza enqubweni yokuqothuka, kepha izinso zenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu kule nqubo. Lesi sitho esivelayo sikhuthaza ukumbumbuluzwa kwezinto okwenziwe ngenxa yokuvela kokudla noma okuvela ekudleni.

Ziyini izinso futhi zitholakala kuphi?

Izinso - isitho esingena ohlelweni lomchamo, esingaluqhathanisa nezindawo zokwelapha.

Cishe i-1.5 l yegazi elihlanzwa ngezinto ezinobuthi lidlula kubo ngomzuzu owodwa. Izinso zitholakala odongeni lwangemuva lwe-peritoneum ezingeni lomhlane ongezansi ezinhlangothini zombili zomgogodla.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lesi sitho sinokungaguquguquki okuminyene, izicubu zaso zinengxenye enkulu yezinto ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi nephrons. Cishe ayisigidi esisodwa salezi zinto ezikhona ezingweni eyodwa. Phezulu kwalowo nalowo kukhona i-glomerulus ye-malpighian, eyehliselwa endebeni evaliwe (i-Shumlyansky-Bowman capsule). Izinso ngasinye sine-capsule eqinile futhi sidla egazini engena kuso.

Ngaphandle, izinso zikusimo sikabhontshisi, ngoba zinenhlamvu ngaphandle nangomqhumo ongaphakathi. Kusuka emaphethelweni angaphakathi ezitho zomzimba kukhona izinzwa, imithambo kanye nokudlula kwemithambo yegazi. Nansi i-pelvis, okuvela kuyo i-ureter.

Isakhiwo sezinso:

isigxobo esiphezulu;
papilla we-renal;
amakholamu wezinso;
I-sinso sinus;
inkomishi encane yezinso;

inkomishi enkulu yezinso;
i-pelvis;
into ye-cortical;
ureter;
isigxobo esingaphansi.

Izinso ngalinye liqukethe izingqimba ezimbili: i-cortical emnyama (etholakala ngenhla) kanye nekhokho engezansi (etholakala ngezansi). Ku-cortical ungqimba kunesisindo semithambo yegazi kanye nezingxenye zokuqala zemisele ye-renal. AmaNefroni aqukethe ama-tubules kanye nama-tangles, lapho ukwakheka komchamo kwenzeka khona. Le nqubo iyinkimbinkimbi impela, ngoba ifaka cishe isigidi salezi amayunithi. Ososayensi bakufakazisile ukuthi isitho esinjengezinso singakhonza umuntu iminyaka engaba ngu-800, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle.

Ngoshukela, izinqubo ezingenakuphikwa zenzeka ezinso, okubandakanya ukulimala kwemithambo.

Lokhu kuphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi futhi kuphazamise ukusebenza kwezitho zangaphakathi ezibhekene nezinqubo zokuchama emzimbeni. Emithini, ukuphazamiseka okunjalo kubizwa ngokuthi yi-diabetesic nephropathy. Ushukela omningi emzimbeni odla imithambo yegazi kusuka ngaphakathi, okuholela emiphumeleni emibi impela.

Ngaphezu kokuqeda izinto ezilimazayo, i-normalizing blood pressure kanye nokwakheka komchamo, izinso zenza imisebenzi elandelayo:

IHematopoiesis - ikhiqize i-hormone elawula ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, agcwalisa umzimba nomoya-mpilo.
I-Filtration - bakha umchamo futhi bavimbe izinto eziyingozi kusuka ezintweni ezilusizo (amaprotheni, ushukela kanye namavithamini).
Ukucindezela kwe-Osmotic - ukulinganisa usawoti obalulekile emzimbeni.
Ukulawulwa kwamaprotheni - lawula izinga lamaprotheni, elibizwa nge-oncotic pressure.

Uma kwenzeka umsebenzi we-renal ongasebenzi kahle, kuvela izifo ezahlukahlukene eziholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso. Esikhathini sokuqala, lesi sifo asinazo izimpawu, futhi unganquma ukuba khona kwaso ngokuhlola umchamo nokuhlolwa kwegazi.

Umphumela wesifo sikashukela ezinso: i-prognosis nokuvimbela

Isifo sikashukela mellitus namuhla yisifo esijwayelekile sohlelo lwe-endocrine, esithinta cishe abantu abadala abangama-1-3% emhlabeni.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isibalo seziguli ezinalesi sifo siyakhuphuka, okuguqula kube yinkinga yangempela umuthi ongakaxazululwa. Isifo sikashukela sinenkambo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi ngaphandle kokwelashwa okwanele kuholela ekwakhiweni kwezinkinga ezinkulu.

Ngokwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, amathuba okuba nesifo sezinso acishe abe yi-5%, kanti ngohlobo 1 sikashukela, cishe ama-30%.

Inkinga enkulu yesifo sikashukela ukuvala izikhala zemithambo yegazi, okuholela ekunciphiseni kokugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni yangaphakathi. Ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo sikashukela, ukusebenza kwezinso kuvame ukushesha, ngoba ushukela omningi udlula kubo kunasemuntwini ophilile. I-glucose idonsela uketshezi oluningi ngokusebenzisa izinso, esiza ukukhulisa umfutho ngaphakathi kwe-glomeruli. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokuhlunga le-glomerular.

Ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, ukuqina kwesibalo esijikeleze i-glomeruli kwenzeka, kanye nokuqina kwamanye izicubu eduze kwaso. Izitho ezandisiwe kancane kancane zidambisa ama-capillaries angaphakathi akhiwe kulezi glomeruli, okuholela ekutheni izinso zilahlekelwe yikhono lokuhlanza inani elanele legazi. Emzimbeni womuntu kukhona ama-glomeruli we-spare, ngakho-ke, ngokunqotshwa kwezinso elilodwa, ukuhlanzwa kwegazi kuyaqhubeka.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-nephropathy kwenzeka kuphela ezigabeni ezingama-50% zeziguli ezinesifo sikashukela.

Azikho kulezi ziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ezinokulimazeka kwezinso okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso. Basengozini enkulu labo abahlushwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Ukuze uvikele ukulimala kwezinso kushukela, kunconywa ukulawula izinga likashukela emfuleni wegazi, uhlolwe izivivinyo zokuhlola futhi ngezikhathi ezithile uhlole umchamo negazi.

Isifinyezo esifushane

Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yisifo esibi okufanele selashwa ezilangeni zokuqala zentuthuko. Ngokulashwa okungafanele noma ukungabikho kwayo, kunamathuba aphezulu okuthuthukisa i-lesion yesistimu yomchamo, futhi ikakhulukazi izinso. Lokhu kungenxa yokuncipha kwezikhala zemithambo yegazi, evimbela ukudlula kwegazi ngokusebenzisa izinso, ngakhoke kuhlanza umzimba. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi akuzona zonke iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ezihlaselwa yizifo zezinso, kepha ubungozi bokukhula kwazo buphakeme impela.

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