ISIBINDI SISEBENZA EMZIMBENI WOMUNTU - ISIFO SIKASHUKELA

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Umqondo ojwayelekile wokwakheka nesikhundla sesibindi

Ngobukhulu bawo obuhlaba umxhwele nesisindo, isibindi singumholi phakathi kwezitho zomzimba womuntu. Isisindo saso singama-1.5 kg, imisebenzi ibalwa emashumini amaningi, kanye nokuphendula okuqhubekayo kwe-biochemical - ngamakhulu. Inhliziyo kuphela ebamba iqhaza elibaluleke kakhulu. Ukwehluleka ngokuphelele kwesibindi kuholela ekufeni komuntu kungakapheli izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezimbili, kanti ukungasebenzi kahle kuboniswa yizifo ezinkulu nokungasebenzi kahle kwezinye izinhlelo zomzimba.

Igama elithi isibindi livela kwisenzo "kuhhavini." Ukushisa kwezicubu zesitho kufinyelela kuma-39 degrees, kepha umsuka wegama kunzima ukulandela ngokuthembekile. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi okhokho bethu abade babekwazi ukukala izinga lokushisa, yize emhlabeni wasendulo abantu bebesazi ngeqhaza lesibindi emzimbeni. Umuthi wanamuhla ufunde kabanzi ngento uqobo lwayo kanye nemisebenzi yayo.

Ukugaya, ukugeleza kwegazi, imetabolism, kufaka phakathi izinqubo zamahomoni, kuyizindawo zomsebenzi wesibindi, okuyisitho sobumba kanye nendlala.

Indawo yesibindi ingabizwa ngokuthi maphakathi, ngokushintshela kwesokudla. Ukuphambuka kwaso ngaphambili kufana nonxantathu oboshwe ngakwesokudla, umlenze owela isifuba unqamule, kanti i-hypotenuse isebenza ngokungagudli kusuka ezingeni le-nipple yesobunxele iye kwi-hypochondrium yangakwesokudla. Imvamisa ukwakheka kwendlala ngevolumu kufaniswa nejika lamakhowe elijikayo, onqenqema olungaphezulu kwalo lubekwe ngokuqinile ngaphansi kwesigaxa.

Isibindi ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezine:

ama-lobes amabili amakhulu - kwesokunxele nakwesobunxele,
ezincane ezimbili - isikwele futhi senziwe umsila osondele kakhulu emuva.

Izicubu zesitho ziqukethe amaseli - ama-hepatocytes, ahlelwe ngamakhulu ezinkulungwane zama-lobules 1-2 mm ngosayizi. Ama-lobules azungezwe yimithambo yegazi, engena kuyo igazi liphuma emthanjeni omkhulu we-portal ne-artery yayo ye-hepatic. Ukunyakaza kwegazi kushubile, kuyaqhubeka futhi kwenzeka ngesivinini esingaba ilitha ngomzuzu. Phakathi kwama-hepatocytes kukhona ama-canaliculi we-bile agobhoza emithambekweni emincane ye-interlobular, akha izicubu ezinkulu ze-bile

Imvelo yanikela ngomzimba osengcupheni ukuthungwa okuthambile nokuvikelwa ngendlela yemiphetho emboza cishe wonke umhlaba. Imvamisa umuntu akabi nandaba futhi unobuqili njengesibindi esisebenza ngokuzikhandla esingaxinekile. Abaningi bajwayele ukungakhululeki ohlangothini lwesokunene ngemuva kokudla nokuphuza ngokweqile, okukhombisa ukungahambi kahle kwezicubu zomzimba. Ukwazi imisebenzi yesibindi kuzosiza ukugcina impilo yayo nokuqonda ubudlelwane nezinye izitho zomzimba, ikakhulukazi namanyikwe.

Imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yesibindi

1. Ukufaka okugayayo

Isibindi sivelisa imfihlo esebenzayo yezinto eziphilayo - i-bile, enomsebenzi we-enzymatic. Ukusuka kumalitha ayi-1,8 e-bile akhiqizwa ngosuku. Ingxenye encane ye-ketshezi ingena ngqo emathunjini, inqwaba iqonde emabeleni enyongo ukuze igcinwe futhi ivuthwe. Ngesikhathi sokugaya okusebenzayo, i-bile ikhishwa ngokulinganayo kusuka esikhwameni iye e-duodenum ukwenza umsebenzi we-pepsin wesibeletho usebenze futhi usize ukusebenza kwama-enzyme e-pancreatic. Ama-enzyme angama-Own ayakwazi:

hlukana namafutha
khulisa ukuhamba kwamathumbu,
ahlinzeke ukumuncwa kwama-amino acid, amavithamini, usawoti we-calcium,
vimbela ukwenziwa kwamagciwane.

2. Ukunikezwa kwegazi

Ezitsheni zesibindi kuhlala kunikezwa kwegazi okuvuselelwa njalo, okuwela esiteshini esivamile ngesikhathi sokwehla kokugeleza kwegazi ngenxa yokulahleka kwegazi noma i-vasospasm. Umthamo we-reservation ucishe ube yi-10% yenani lawo lonke igazi emzimbeni womuntu.

I-hepatic artery ibandakanyeka ekunikezelweni kwegazi kumanyikwe, futhi ukuphuma kwe-venous kusuka ku-gland kwenzeka ngqo emthanjeni we-portal wesibindi. Ukuhamba kwegazi kuzona zombili izitho kwenzeka esiteshini esijwayelekile. Inhlala kahle noma ukugula komunye wabo kuthinta ngqo umsebenzi obalulekile womunye.

3. Ukuqongelela ushukela

Ngesikhathi sokugcotshwa kwegazi nge-glucose, isibindi sisebenza njengembiza noma idepho, sikhiqiza ukunqwabelana kwayo ngesimo se-glycogen. Ingaphulwa ibe ushukela futhi iphinde iphinde ifakwe egazini ngesikhathi sokuntuleka okubalulekile kwe-carbohydrate. Isibindi siyakwazi ukuhlanganisa ushukela kusuka ku-glycerol nama-amino acid. Le nqubo ibizwa nge-gluconeogeneis, ibaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi se-hypoglycemia.

4. Ukukhishwa emzimbeni kanye nokuhlanjululwa kwegazi

Ngenkathi yokucubungula ukudla namanzi, kwakhiwa izinto ezinobuthi emzimbeni ezingathathi hlangothi ngesibindi. Ukugaya okungokwemvelo kuhambisana nokubola nokuvutshelwa amathumbu. Igazi eligcwele ubuthi lihlungwa ngama-hepatocytes futhi kuphela ngemuva kokuhlanzwa kuqala ukujikeleza isiyingi esikhulu sokujikeleza kwegazi. Ubuthi abuthathelwa hlangothi futhi bususwa emzimbeni. Inqubo yokuhlehlisa umzimba iyindlela elandelanayo yokuphendula okuyinkimbinkimbi nokufihlakala kwezinto eziphilayo okwenzeka elebhu yemvelo yomzimba.

Ama-pesticides, ama-preservatives, izifo ze-enterovirus, izici eziyingozi zemvelo zandisa umthwalo esibindini izikhathi eziningi. Uma utshwala, i-nicotine, izidakamizwa ezinolaka zengezwa kulokhu, khona-ke umthwalo ungaba weqisa. Isibindi sibonga ngokunakekela futhi siyakwazi ukwelulama uma umuntu esivikela futhi esiza ngezindlela zokuhlanzwa.

5. Ukuhlanganiswa kwamaphrotheni

Isibindi silawula umsoco wamaprotheni futhi ngokuzimele sakha amaprotheni e-plasma abaluleke kakhulu:

kwakheka lapha i-albhamuinkubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwama-capillaries. Ukugxilisa kwabo okufiswayo kugcinwa njalo yisibindi, futhi ukusilela kugcwaliswa ngokushesha.
ama-globulins onesibopho sokungavikeleki komuntu.
i-fibrinogen ihlinzeka ukwakheka kwengubo yegazi elengayo uma kungonakala imithambo yegazi.

Isibindi siyisisekelo sokwakheka kweziningi zezinto ezikhohlisayo zegazi, okuqinisekisa ukwanda.

6. Ukubekwa kwamavithamini nensimbi

Amavithamini A, D, B12 agcinwa izicubu zesibindi, enza izinqolobane ezakhelwe ukuqeda nokuvimbela ukuntuleka kwamavithamini ezinyangeni eziningi ezizayo.

Ferritin - Ifomu elikhethekile lokugcina i-iron nesibindi - into ebalulekile ehlotshaniswa ne-hemoglobin egazini.

Isifo sikashukela nomsebenzi wesibindi

Ama-dysfunctions kanye ne-dystrophy yesibindi, ukufakwa esikhundleni se-hepatocytes esebenzayo ngezicubu ze-adipose kubhekwa njengezinto ezinobungozi obukhulu besifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ezokwelapha zisungule ukuxhumana okucacile phakathi kokuqongelelwa kwamafutha esibindini nasekulweni ne-insulin, ukubonakaliswa kwe-hyperglycemia emzimbeni. Ngoshukela osunguliwe, isibindi siwela ngaphansi kwesifo. Isifo sikashukela siguqula umsebenzi wama-enzyme wesibindi, sandisa ingozi yezifo ezinamafutha, i-fibrosis elandelayo ne-cirrhosis.

Ukuqaphelisisa isimo sesibindi kufanele kube umthetho wesiguli esinesifo sikashukela. Ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi kuzosiza ukuvikela noma ukukhomba izinqubo ezingezinhle, kudambise imiphumela yazo. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-biochemical, i-ultrasound, i-compact tomography, i-MRI - lezi zindlela zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu zinikeza isithombe esinembile sesibindi. Indima ebalulekile ekwelashweni okuqhubekayo kwezifo zesitho esisunguliwe idlalwa ngabakwa-hepatoprotectors - izidakamizwa zesimanje eziklanyelwe ukudambisa ukuvuvukala nokuvuselela amaseli.

Imibandela edingekayo yokusebenza kwesibindi kwesiguli esinesifo sikashukela yilena:

isiyalo sokudla okunempilo
ngokulandela izincomo zikadokotela wezokuphepha nezokwelapha,
ukwehla kwenani lama-carbohydrate asheshayo ekudleni,
ukulawula ushukela
ukugcina isilinganiso esijwayelekile sokuphakama nesisindo somzimba,
ukusebenza kahle komzimba
ukungafakwa ngokuphelele kotshwala.

Amandla we-hepatocytes ukuvuselela kabusha yinto eyingqayizivele, isipho semvelo kumuntu. Ukuzilolonga kwempilo kuqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi bathole imiphumela efiselekayo ngesifiso esisebenzayo somuntu sokunikeza usizo oluhle esibindini sakhe.

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