IZIMPAWU ZOKUGULA KWEZINSO

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Umsebenzi wezinso

Izinso zenza imisebenzi eminingi ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu.

1. Ukugcina ukwakheka okungapheli kwemvelo yangaphakathi yomzimba 2. Izinso - isitho esikhulu esilawula umfutho wegazi 3. Umsebenzi we-Endocrine.

Lokhu kwenziwa yizindlela ezilandelayo:

Ukususwa kwezinto ezincibilikayo amanzi, ngokuyinhloko ama-electrolyte.
Ukulawulwa kwemali esele ye-hydrogen ions, ethinta ngqo i-acidity yegazi.
Ukususa amanzi amaningi.

Izindlela zethonya ekucindezelweni yilezi ezilandelayo:

Ukukhiqizwa kwama-ejenti wokunyusa ingcindezi, njenge-renin.
Ukubhujiswa kwama-prostaglandins - izinto ezinciphisa umfutho wegazi.
Ukulawulwa kokulingana okusamanzi - ukwanda kokuchama, izinso zinganciphisa umthamo wokujikeleza kwegazi, ukunciphisa ingcindezi.

Izinso zingathinta i-metabolism yama-hormone athile.

I-Synthesis ye-erythropoietin - into evusa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi.
Ukubhujiswa kwe-insulin. Iningi le-insulin, elikhiqizwe ngaphakathi nangaphandle, libhujiswa ezinso.
Ibandakanyekile ekudleni kwamavithamini D, ngaleyo ndlela izinso zithinta umzimba we-calcium ne-phosphorus.

Ongabathinta nezinkinga zezinso

Okokuqala, udinga ukwazi - yimuphi udokotela ophatha izinso?

Ngakho-ke, kukhona ochwepheshe abaningi ababandakanyeka kwisifo sezinso:

Isazi se-Nephrologist

- Ummeleli wenqubo ekhethekile yokwelapha efunda ubuthi bezinso uqobo, ikakhulukazi imishini yokuhlunga. Lochwepheshe uphatha i-nephritis, isifo sikashukela nezinye izifo zalolu hlobo.

Isazi se-Urologist

- Udokotela ohlinzayo obhekene nezinkinga ze-urinary tract. Ngidonsela ukunakekela kwakho, hhayi izinso, okuyiwona umzila wokuchama. Umsebenzi wakhe ngamatshe, ama-cysts, isimila, izifo, ukopha kanye nezinye izindlela lapho kudingeka khona ukuhlinzwa.

Isazi sokuxilonga

- futhi nephrologist omsebenzi wayo ukufaka esikhundleni se-renal elahlekile. Kuyadingeka uma sekephuze kakhulu ukuphuza iBorjomi.

I-Transplantologist

- Udokotela ohlinza ngokufakelwa

Izimpawu zesifo sezinso zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu alandelayo.

Izimpawu zomtholampilo
Izimpawu zaselebhu

- kunganqunywa yisiguli uqobo, kanye nodokotela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile.

Ukuvuvukala - okuwuphawu lokweqiwa emzimbeni ngokweqile emzimbeni. Phakathi kwezakhamizi, kunombono wokuthi i-edema ye-cardiac ihlukile kune-renal. Le yinganekwane: ukuvuvukala, noma ngabe kuyimbangela, kuyafana. Iqiniso ngukuthi amanzi ahlala ethola iphuzu eliphansi. Ngakho-ke, phakathi kobusuku, ubuso nezandla ziyajuluka, futhi phakathi nosuku amanzi angena emilenzeni. I-edema edal ayikaze ibe yendawo, uma isiguli sihlala siguqa ingalo eyodwa, umlenze, noma izitho zangasese kuphela - izinso azihlangene nalutho.
Umfutho wegazi ophezulu we-Arterial. Phakathi kwezimbangela zokukhuphuka kwengcindezi yegazi, izinso zihlala endaweni ehloniphekayo. Ngakho-ke, ngokubonakala kokuqina komfutho wegazi, okokuqala kubalulekile ukuwahlola, ngaphezu kwalokho, kungakhathalekile iminyaka yobudala.
Ubuhlungu emuva. Izinso zilimala ezimweni ezilandelayo: lapho welula amaphaphu wazo ngenxa yokuvimba ukuphuma komchamo (amatshe, isimila, njll), kanye nangezinqubo ezithathelanayo.
Ukuchama komchamo. Umbala oyingozi kakhulu ubomvu noma onsundu onsundu, lokhu kusho ukuba khona kwegazi kumchamo futhi kudinga ukuseshwa okuphoqelekile kwe-oncological. Ababhali abaningi kwi-Intanethi bathi umchamo okhanyayo uwuphawu lokwehluleka kwezinso, lokhu kuyize engenangqondo. Ukukhanya, cishe umchamo omhlophe kungukuhluka okujwayelekile, hhayi uphawu lwesifo sezinso.
Ukulunywa kwesikhumba okuqhubekayo. Uma kungahambisani nokuqhuma, khona-ke kungaba uphawu lokuhluleka kwezinso.
Izimpawu zokutheleleka umchamo - Ukuchama kaningi, ubuhlungu kanye nokuvutha ngesikhathi uchama, ukudonsa izinhlungu esiswini esingezansi noma ku-perineum, iphunga elingathandeki lomchamo omusha.

- Izinguquko ekuhlaziyeni. (Ungasusa kanjani ukuvivinya igazi ngokwakho ungalufunda lapha.)

Amaprotheni emchameni. Isibonakaliso esibaluleke kakhulu sesifo sezinso, ikakhulukazi isifo sikashukela.
Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi emchameni - kusho ukuhlanganiswa kwegazi kuyo. Ngokuhambisana ne-protein, kuwuphawu lwesifo esithinta imishini yokuhlunga yezinso, ezinjengesifo sikashukela noma i-glomerulonephritis. Ukuvela okungafani kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi kumchamo kungakhombisa ukulimala komshini endaweni yokuchama en itshe noma isimila.
Ukwanda kwesibalo esimhlophe segazi lomchamo - Isibonakaliso sokutheleleka ngethumbu lomchamo.
Ukunyuka kwamazinga wegazi we-urea, potassium ne-creatinine - Isibonakaliso sokwehluleka kwezinso.
Ezigabeni ezithuthukile zingabonakala ukwanda kwe-phosphorus yegazi ngokuhambisana nokwehla kwe-calcium.
IHemoglobin yehlisa. Kwezinye izimo, i-anemia ingaba wuphawu lokwehluleka kwezinso, futhi esesigabeni esithuthuke kakhulu.

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sezinso

Izinguquko ezejwayelekile zokubuyiselwa emuva kwe-renal zichazwe ngenhla. Kulesi sigaba, sizokhuluma ngezindlela zokuhlonza amathuluzi.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound (ultrasound) - Indlela engabizi kakhulu, ephephile futhi eshibhile. Ngeshwa, ku-nephrology yasendulo ayithandwa kakhulu. I-Ultrasound iyadingeka kochwepheshe be-urologist, ngoba ikwazi ukuthola amatshe, izimila, izimpawu ze-urinary tract block, njll.
I-urography eyisidina. Kuma-x-ray, izinso azibonakali, ngakho-ke kudingeka zihlukaniswe. Umuthi okhethekile ufakwa emithanjeni, owenza izinso zibonakale kuma-x-ray. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukwakheka kwezinso, uhlole ipheshana lomchamo, ukuhlola ubudlelwane bezinso nezinye izitho. Kuyavumelaniswa nokwehluleka kwezinso.
Icwecwe le-computer tomography (CT) - Indlela ebaluleke kakhulu ekuhlonzeni isimila, i-urolithiasis, kanye nezinkinga ngemikhumbi yezinso. Imitholampilo engenza i-CT ngaphandle kwemikhawulo isilahle isikhathi eside i-urography.
Ukubambelela nge-biopsy yezinso. Zonke izindlela ezingenhla ezihlobene nokucwaninga kwesimo sephepha lomchamo. Izicubu zomzimba ngokwazo azikwazi ukuhlolwa yi-ultrasound noma i-CT, futhi yisibonakhulu kuphela esizosiza lapha. Umongo we-biopsy unjengokulandelayo - ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo kanye nokulawulwa kwe-ultrasound, inaliti yenziwa ezinso ngedivayisi ekhethekile. Okulandelayo, kukhungulwe ucezu oluncane (cishe ikota yomdlalo) yezicubu ze-renal, ezihlolwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu, kufaka ne-elekthronikhi. Ku-nephrology yesimanje, i-biopsy yezinso yindlela eyinhloko yokuxilonga.

Izici zesifo sezinso kushukela

Ama-pathologies wezinso kushukela ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu ama-3.

1. Isifo sikashukela nephropathy

- ukulimala kwemishini yokuhlunga yezinso, okubangelwa ngqo yisifo sikashukela i-mellitus. Isici esilinganayo kuzo zombili izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela. Kuya ngqo isipiliyoni sikashukela nekhwalithi yokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela.

Ngokubonakaliswa kokuqala kwe-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela, indlela eyinhloko yokuxilonga iprotheni emchameni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lale protein lihambelana ngqo nobunzima benkambo ye-nephropathy. Ezigabeni zakamuva, i-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela ibonakala ngophawu lwezimpawu - amaprotheni emchameni, e-hypertension ye-arterial, izinguquko ku-fundus.

Mayelana ne-fundus kufanele ukhulume ngokukhethekile. Le ukuphela kwendawo emzimbeni lapho udokotela angahlola khona imithambo yegazi. Izinkinga ezikhonjwe kuleli cala ziyimpawu enkulu yesifo sikashukela, ngoba izinguquko ezifanayo ziyaqapheleka nasezitsheni zezinso.

2. Angiopathy

Ukwehlulwa kwemikhumbi eyinhloko, ngokuyinhloko i-atherosclerosis ethuthukayo. Kujwayelekile kakhulu isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Ukuncipha kwamaseli kuholela ku-ischemia (indlala yomoya-mpilo) yezinso. Amaseli abhekene nokulawulwa kwengcindezi yegazi azwela kakhulu ku-ischemia. Ngenxa yalokho, umfutho ophakeme we-arterial hypertension kwenzeka ngayo yonke imiphumela elandelayo.

3. Isifo esingelapheki somchamo

Ku-diabetes, lonke ushukela olwedlulele luyahlungwa kumchamo, luwenze ucebe ukudla kwamagciwane. Futhi, kulesi sigaba seziguli, ukungasebenzi komzimba kuncishisiwe. Zombili lezi zinto zandisa ubungozi bokutheleleka ngokuchama kwesinye isikhathi. Kwesinye isikhathi ukutheleleka okungamahlalakhona okungamahlalakhona okuwukuphela kwesifo sikashukela.

Zonke lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zokulimala kwezinso kushukela ngokusobala ziholela ekwehlulekeni kwezinso, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kunesidingo se-dialysis (ukufakwa esikhundleni sokufakelwa komsebenzi wezinso). E-Europe nase-USA, abanesifo sikashukela beza kuqala phakathi kwezivakashi eziya ezikhungweni zidayal.

Esikhundleni sesiphetho

Isayensi yanamuhla ikholelwa ukuthi yi-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela esiyisilinganiso esiphambili esikhathini sokuphila kwesiguli esinesifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke, uma kuvela iprotheni emchameni wesifo sikashukela noma ingcindezi ikhuphuka, kuyaphuthuma ukubonana nochwepheshe.
Ungakhetha uchwepheshe ofanele bese wenza isikhathi sokubonana manje:

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