Uma unezimpawu ze-glucose ephezulu, khona-ke hlola ushukela wegazi ekuseni esiswini esingenalutho. Ungenza futhi lokhu kuhlaziya amahora ama-2 ngemuva kokudla. Kulokhu, imithetho izohluka. Ungathola amazinga kashukela (ushukela) lapha. Kunemininingwane futhi yokuthi yiluphi ushukela wegazi obhekwa njengophakeme nokuthi ungukwehlisa kanjani.
Okunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi ushukela yi-glycated hemoglobin. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungabekwa ukuthi kuqinisekiswe noma kuphikise ukutholakala kwesifo sikashukela. Kuyinto elula ngoba ikhombisa izinga eliphakathi kashukela wegazi ezinyangeni ezi-3 ezedlule. Ayithinteki ngokuguquguquka kwansuku zonke kwe-plasma glucose ngenxa yokuxineka noma ukutheleleka kwe-catarrhal, futhi akudingekile ukuyithatha ngesisu esingenalutho.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ushukela kunconywa njalo eminyakeni emi-3 kubo bonke abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40. Uma ukhuluphele noma unezihlobo ezinesifo sikashukela, hlola ushukela wakho wegazi njalo ngonyaka. Ngoba usengozini enkulu yesifo sikashukela. Kunconyelwa ikakhulukazi ukuthi kuhlolwe igazi nge-glycated hemoglobin, ngoba ilula futhi inolwazi.
Akufanele uhlehlise ukuhlolwa koshukela egazini ngoba wesaba ukuthi utholakala ukuthi unesifo sikashukela. Esikhathini esiningi samacala, le nkinga ixazululwa ngokuphelele ngosizo lokudla okugculisayo nokunambithekayo kwe-carbohydrate, ngaphandle kwamaphilisi kanye nemijovo ye-insulin. Kepha uma ungenzi lutho, kungaba nezinkinga zesifo sikashukela eziyingozi.
Njengomthetho, abantu maningi amathuba okuba bahlolwe ushukela wegazi osheshayo. Sifuna ukudonsela ukunakekela kwakho eqinisweni lokuthi izivivinyo ze-glycated hemoglobin noshukela wegazi amahora ama-2 emva kokudla nazo zibaluleke kakhulu. Ngoba zikuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukungabekezeleleki kwe-glucose noma uthayiphe ushukela 2 ezigabeni zokuqala kakhulu ukuze uqale ukwelashwa ngesikhathi.
Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose yomlomo
Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose ngomlomo kunguvavanyo olude kodwa olufundisayo kakhulu loshukela. Kudluliswa ngabantu ohlolokuhlola kwabo ushukela wegazi okukhombisa umphumela we-6.1-6.9 mmol / L. Ngalesi sivivinyo, ungaqinisekisa noma uphike ukutholakala kwesifo sikashukela. Futhi ukuphela kwendlela yokuthola ukubekezelela ushukela okhubazekile kumuntu, i.e. prediabetes.
Ngaphambi kokuthatha isivivinyo sokubekezelela ushukela, umuntu kufanele adle izinsuku ezingama-3 ezingenamkhawulo, okungukuthi, adle ama-carbohydrate angaphezu kuka-150 nsuku zonke. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kufanele kube okujwayelekile. Isidlo sakusihlwa sokugcina kufanele sibe nama-30-50 g wama-carbohydrate. Ebusuku udinga ukubulawa yindlala amahora angama-8-14, kuyilapho ungakwazi ukuphuza amanzi.
Ngaphambi kokwenza isivivinyo sokubekezelela ushukela, izinto ezingathinta imiphumela yazo kufanele zibhekwe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- izifo ezithathelwanayo, kufaka phakathi umkhuhlane;
- ukusebenza komzimba, uma izolo bekuphansi kakhulu, noma okuphambene nomthwalo kukhuphuke umthwalo;
- ukuthatha imishanguzo ethinta ushukela wegazi.
I-oda lokuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose ngomlomo:
- Isiguli sihlolelwa ushukela wegazi osheshayo.
- Ngokushesha emva kwalokho, uphuza isixazululo sika-75 g we-glucose (82,5 g we-glucose monohydrate) ku-250-300 ml wamanzi.
- Thatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwesibili ushukela ngemuva kwamahora ama-2.
- Kwesinye isikhathi baphinde bahlole okwesikhashana kwegazi ushukela njalo ngemizuzu engama-30.
Ezinganeni, “umthwalo” we-glucose ngu-1.75 g ngekhilogremu ngayinye yesisindo somzimba, kepha ungabi ngaphezu kwama-75 g. Ukubhema akuvunyelwe amahora ama-2 ngenkathi kwenziwa isivivinyo.
Uma ukubekezelela i-glucose kubuthaka, isb. Izinga likashukela wegazi alihli ngokushesha ngokwanele, khona-ke lokhu kusho ukuthi isiguli sinobungozi obukhulu besifo sikashukela. Isikhathi sokushintshela ekudleni okuphansi kwe-carbohydrate ukuvikela ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela "sangempela".
Kanjani ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwelebhu ushukela
Ukuze ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwelebhu ushukela kukhombise umphumela onembile, inqubo yokuqalisa kwawo kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile. Okungukuthi, izindinganiso ezichazwa yi-International Federation of Clinical Chemistry.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungiselela isampula yegazi kahle ngemuva kokuthatha isiqiniseko sokuzimisela okunembile kwe-glucose kuyo. Uma ukuhlaziya kungenakwenziwa ngokushesha, amasampula egazi kufanele aqoqwe kumashubhu aqukethe ama-6 mg we-sodium fluoride kuyo yonke i-millilita yegazi lonke.
Emva kwalokhu, isampula yegazi kufanele ikhululwe ukuze ikhulule i-plasma kuyo. Lapho-ke i-plasma ingafakwa iqhwa. Egazini lonke, eliqoqwe nge-sodium fluoride, ukwehla kokuxineka koshukela kungenzeka endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni. Kepha ijubane lalokhu kwehla lihamba kancane, futhi i-centrifugation iyakuvimbela.
Isidingo esilinganiselwe sokulungiselela isampula legazi lokuhlaziywa ukuyifaka ngokushesha emanzini eqhwa ngemuva kokuyithatha. Emva kwalokho, kufanele kube ngamasenti kungakapheli imizuzu engama-30.
Uhluke kanjani ukugcwala kwe-glucose ku-plasma nasegazini lonke
Lapho kwenziwa isivivinyo sikashukela wegazi osheshayo, amasampuli e-venous ne-capillary anikeza cishe imiphumela efanayo. Kepha ngemuva kokudla, izinga likashukela we-capillary likhuphuka. I-glucose egazini ye-arterial gazi cishe icishe ibe ngu-7% ukwedlula i-venous.
IHematocrit ukuhlukunyezwa kwezinto ezakhiwe (amaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, ama-platelet) kumthamo wegazi eliphelele. Ngama-hematocrit ajwayelekile, amazinga kashukela we-plasma aphakeme cishe ngo-11% kunegazi lonke. Nge-hematocrit ye-0.55, lo mehluko ukhuphukela ku-15%. Nge-hematocrit ka-0.3, yehla yaya ku-8%. Ngakho-ke, ukuhumusha ngokunembile izinga le-glucose egazini lonke ku-plasma kuyinkinga.
Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zathola ithuba elihle lapho kuvela ama-glucometer asekhaya, futhi manje asikho isidingo sokuhlolwa kwegazi likashukela elabhorethi kaningi. Noma kunjalo, imitha inganikeza iphutha elifinyelela ku-20%, futhi lokhu kuvamile. Ngakho-ke, isifo sikashukela singatholakala kuphela ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa kwelebhu.
