I-Insulin Humulin NPH isetshenziselwa ukwelapha iziguli ngokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Iziguli zihlushwa ukuthi ama-pancreas awakwazi ukukhiqiza ngokuzimela i-insulin ye-hormone.
I-Humulin ithatha indawo ye-insulin yabantu. Ukubuyekezwa okuningi kukhombisa ukusebenza kwalesi sidakamizwa nokubekezelela kwayo okulula.
Intengo yesidakamizwa iyahluka ngaphakathi kwama-ruble ayi-1,500. Namuhla, ungathola futhi izifaniso eziningi zomuthi, kanye nezidakamizwa ezifanayo.
Izici eziphambili zomuthi
Isidakamizwa sisetshenziswa lapho kukhona i-mellitus encike kwisifo sikashukela kanye nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zomuthi uHumulin.
Le mishanguzo ihluka ngesikhathi sokusebenza emzimbeni.
Kuze kube manje, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zemithi ziyatholakala emakethe yezokwelapha:
- I-Insulin Humulin P (isilawuli) - isidakamizwa esisebenza esifushane.
- I-Humulin NPH ingumuthi wokuvezwa okuphakathi, oqala ukukhombisa umsebenzi ngehora ngemuva kokuphatha, futhi umphumela omkhulu utholakala ngemuva kwamahora ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili.
- I-Insulin Humulin M3 is umuthi wesikhathi esiphakathi ngokwemibandela yokuvezwa. Kutholakala ngesimo sokumiswa kwezigaba ezimbili, okubandakanya i-insulin Humulin Regular neHumulin NPH.
Umphumela oyinhloko wesidakamizwa uhlose ukulawula inqubo ye-glucose metabolism, kanye nokusheshisa amaprotheni anabolism.
I-Humulin Regulator isetshenziselwa futhi ukwelapha i-2 mellitus yesifo sikashukela phambi kwalezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- uma phakathi nokwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kunokubonakaliswa kokumelana nemithi enciphisa ushukela;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ketoacidosis;
- uma ukuqala kokutheleleka ngomkhuhlane kuyabonakala;
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic kwenzeka;
- uma, kunesidingo sokudlulisela isiguli esikhathini eside sokwelashwa kwe-insulin.
I-insulin yesidakamizwa i-Humulin ingavezwa ngezindlela ezimbili ezinkulu:
- Ukumiswa komjovo kufakwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
- Isixazululo somjovo.
Namuhla, kunenqwaba yezidakamizwa ezingathatha indawo yeHumulin. Lezi izidakamizwa ze-analog ezinesakhiwo sazo into efanayo esebenzayo - i-insulin. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- I-Actrapid ne-Apidra;
- I-Biosulin neBerlsulin;
- I-Gensulin ne-isofan insulin;
- I-Insulong ne-Insuman;
- ILantus nePensulin.
Kwezinye izimo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-protamine hagedorn. Kwenqatshelwe ukukhetha noma ukufaka omunye umuthi ngokwakho. Udokotela okhona kuphela ongabeka umuthi odingekayo esigulini ngemithamo efanele, kucatshangelwa ubunzima be-pathology kanye nezimpawu zomuntu ngamunye.
Imiyalo yokusebenzisa umuthi
Yonke imithamo yomuthi inqunywa udokotela ohambelayo, ngokubheka izici zesiguli kanye nezinga le-glucose egazini.
I-Humulin Humulin Umlawuli kunconywa ukuthi ujoxwe cishe isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokudla okuyinhloko, kuyilapho inani eliphezulu lemijovo yansuku zonke lingafanele lidlule kweziyisithupha.
Kwezinye izimo, imijovo ayenziwanga ngaphambi kokudla, kodwa ngemuva kwehora noma amabili ngemuva kwayo.
Umjovo ngamunye omusha kufanele ungeniswe endaweni entsha ukuze ugweme ukwakheka kwe-lipodystrophy. Isilawuli esinjalo singalawulwa ngokungaziphathi, ngokuhlangene futhi okungaphakathi. Izindlela zokugcina zivame ukwenziwa odokotela lapho behlinzwa noma benesifo sikashukela esigulini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuthi kwezinye izikhathi uhlanganiswa nezinye izidakamizwa ezisebenza isikhathi eside nge-antipyretic.
Umthamo odingekayo wemithi unqunywa uchwepheshe wezokwelapha, futhi uvame ukusuka kuma-30 kuye kwangama-40 amayunithi ngosuku.
Ngokuqondene nomuthi i-Insulin Humulin NPH, kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuwuphatha ngaphakathi. Ukumiswa noma i-emulsion ihanjiswa ngaphansi kwesikhumba noma, kwezinye izikhathi, nge-intramuscularly.
Ukuze wenze umjovo kahle, uzodinga amakhono athile.
Ungawufaka kanjani umuthi?
Lapho wethula imijovo ye-insulin ngaphansi kwesikhumba, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi inaliti ayingeni emgodini wegazi, futhi futhi ungenzi ukunyakaza komzimba ngokushesha ngaphambi komjovo.
Kuze kube manje, kunamadivayisi ahlukahlukene akhethekile wokujova, we-insulin. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-cartridge, ipeni lesirinji, imijovo ye-insulin.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ukumiswa, kufanele kudingidwe ezintendeni zezandla ukuze uketshezi olungaphakathi kwe-ampoule lube yi-homogeneous. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-churning, enomthelela ekubonakala kwegwebu, kufanele igwenywe.
Uma isirinji le-insulin lisetshenziselwa umjovo, umthamo onconywe udokotela ubekwa ngesilinganiso samayunithi angama-100 kumamililitha owodwa. Ama-cartridge akhethekile anemiyalo yawo yokuyisebenzisa, okufanele uyijwayele kuqala. Njengomthetho, iqukethe imininingwane yokuthi ungalukhulisa kahle futhi uluqinise kanjani inaliti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadivayisi anjalo enzelwe ukusetshenziswa okukodwa, ukuwagcwalisa kabusha akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele.
I-NPH ingasetshenziswa ngokubambisana noMlawuli. Kulokhu, i-insulin ebambela amafushane kufanele iqoqwe kuqala, bese iqhubeke isikhathi eside. Yenza i-engela ngokucophelela ukuze izidakamizwa zombili zixube.
Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi amaqembu alandelayo wezidakamizwa anganciphisa ukusebenza kwezidakamizwa ezilimele:
- Ukuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo.
- Corticosteroids.
- Imithi yeHormone yokwelapha izifo ze-thyroid.
- Ezinye izinhlobo zama-diuretics nama-antidepressants.
Ukwandisa umphumela wokwehlisa ushukela, izindlela ezinjengokuthi:
- amaphilisi we-hypoglycemic;
- i-acetylsalicylic acid;
- utshwala namalungiselelo aqukethe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-sulfonamides ayakwazi ukwandisa umphumela wokwehlisa ushukela.
Izindlela zokuvikela ukusetshenziswa kwemithi
Umphumela wokungathathi hlangothi womuthi kanye nomphumela wawo emzimbeni uqinisekiswa kuphela uma zonke izincomo nemiyalo kadokotela oholayo ilandelwa ngokuqinile.
Kunezimo lapho imiphumela emibi ingavela khona.
Ukuvela kwemiphumela emibi kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuphulwa kwendlela yokujova noma lapho wedlula imithamo enconyiwe.
Izindlela zokuqapha ezibalulekile zifaka okulandelayo:
- I-Hypoglycemia ingahle ibe, uhlobo olunzima oluvame ukudala ukuqala kwe-hypoglycemic coma. Isiguli singathola ukudangala nokulahlekelwa ukwazi.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kokungafani komzimba, okuboniswa ngesimo sokumiswa kwesikhumba, ubomvu, ukuvuvukala kwezicubu. I-Symbomatology enjalo ingeyesikhashana, futhi, njengomthetho, idlula ngokuzimela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.
- Ukuvela komzimba ohlelekile. Ukuphendula okunjalo kukhula ngendlela yobunzima ngokuphefumula, ukuqina kwenhliziyo, kanye nokwehla komfutho wegazi ngaphansi kwamanani ajwayelekile. Ukuphefumula kanye nokujuluka kokujuluka kuyavela.
Akuvamile ukuthi i-lipodystrophy ibonwe. Ngokusho kokubuyekezwa, ukubonakaliswa okunjalo okungalungile kungaba ngamalungiselelo wemvelaphi yezilwane.
Umuthi uphethwe ngokuphelele:
- phambi kwe-hypoglycemia, ngoba inamandla okwehlisa amazinga kashukela;
- uma i-hypersensitivity engxenyeni eyodwa noma eziningi zomuthi ibonwa.
Umthamo okhethwe ngokungafanele noma i-overdose ingabonakala ngesimo sezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ukwehla okukhulu ushukela wegazi kungaphansi kokujwayelekile.
- Izinga elikhulayo lokwesaba.
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda.
- Ukuthuthumela nobuthakathaka obujwayelekile bomzimba.
- Ukuvela kokuhlaselwa.
- Ukuqina kwesikhumba.
- Ukubonakala kokujuluka kwamakhaza.
Ukuqeda lezi zimpawu ezingenhla, ungadla ukudla okunezinga lama-carbohydrate angagayeka kalula. Uma i-overdose inzima, kufanele uthinte uchwepheshe wezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Umuthi ungasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ukuncelisa. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala isidingo se-hormone kubantu besifazane siyancipha, emva kwalokho (kulesithathu nelesithathu) liyanda.
Izifundo zobudokotela zikhombisile ukuthi ukujova i-insulin akunamphumela we-mutagenic.
Imiyalo ekhethekile lapho usebenzisa umuthi
Kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukudlulisa isiguli ukuze sisebenzise omunye umuthi onomphumela ofanayo.
Isinqumo esinjalo senziwa kuphela udokotela ohambelayo.
Noma iziphi izinguquko, kufaka phakathi umsebenzi we-hormone, uhlobo noma uhlobo lwayo, indlela yokukhiqiza, ingadinga ukubuyekezwa komthamo womuthi owake wasetshenziswa ngaphambili.
Ukulungiswa komthamo kuvela ngemuva kokusebenzisa isidakamizwa esisha. Izinguquko zemithamo zingenziwa kancane kancane, ngemuva kwamasonto noma izinyanga ezimbalwa, kuya ngecala ngalinye elithile.
Ukwanda komthamo we-insulin kungadingeka futhi ngenxa yokuvezwa kwalezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- ukushaqeka okukhulu kwemizwa noma ukucindezeleka okungokomzwelo;
- ukukhuphuka komzimba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungahle kube nesidingo semithamo ephansi yomuthi olungiselelwe. Njengomthetho, lokhu kubonakala ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwezindlala ze-adrenal, i-pituitary gland, isibindi noma izinso.
Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukubonakaliswa kokungahambi kahle komzimba kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ngenxa yokulimala okungafanele kanye nokungahambisani nemithetho ebalulwe kwimiyalo.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umuthi, kufanele ukhumbule imithetho elandelayo:
- Ungalokothi usebenzise isixazululo somjovo uma i-sediment noma i-turbidity ibonwa kuwo.
- Ukwethulwa kwe-insulin kumele kwenziwe emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni.
Uma isiguli sisebenzisa imithamo ye-insulin eyengeziwe (amayunithi angaphezu kwekhulu ngosuku), kufanele silaliswe esibhedlela futhi sibe ngaphansi kokuqashwa njalo kwabasebenzi bezokwelapha. Ukusebenza kwe-insulin kusihloko sevidiyo esikulesi sihloko.
