I-atherosclerosis ye-aorta yesisu - kuyini? I-atherosclerosis ye-aorta yesisu yisifo esivame kahle, ikakhulukazi kubantu abaphakathi nabadala. Ikhula ngenxa yokubekwa kwamachaphaza e-atherosselotic ekuxhumekeni okungaphakathi komkhumbi.
I-plaque iqala ukwanda kancane kancane ngosayizi, ukunciphisa i-lumen lumen ngokuya ngokwengeziwe futhi iphazamise ukuhamba kwegazi okujwayelekile, okuzoholela kwizimpawu ezihambisanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izicubu ezizungeze i-plaque zizohlala zikhanyiswa.
I-aorta yesisu yingxenye enkulu yesistimu yokujikeleza komzimba, ebhekele ukulethwa kwegazi kuzo zonke izitho zesibeletho kanye nemikhawulo ephansi.
Ngokuvumelana nalokho, kusuka emagatsheni awo, kutholakala i-oksijini, igazi, isisu, amathumbu amancane namakhulu, isibindi, ibunzi, amanyikwe, ama-omentum amancane, amakhulu, i-peritoneum (ulwelwesi lwama-serous elinging elingaphakathi kwethambo lesisu) kanye nezitho zangasese. Lezi zitho zomzimba zizohlupheka okokuqala, bese izimpawu zibonakala emilenzeni.
Izimbangela zesifo
I-atherosclerosis ye-aorta yesisu ingakhula ngenxa yemiphumela eyinkimbinkimbi yezizathu eziningi. Iningi lazo lihambisana izimpilo zabantu abaningi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kunzima kakhulu ukuzikhipha. Kunamaqembu ambalwa wezici zobungozi.
Nalu uhlu lwesampula lwazo zonke izizathu ezingenzeka:
- isiphetho sofuzo;
- ukungondleki kahle, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwamanani amakhulu okudla okusheshayo nokudla okunamafutha;
- ukukhuluphala;
- maphakathi, ovuthiwe futhi mdala - ngokwesilinganiso, mdala kuneminyaka engama-40;
- amadoda agula ngaphambili futhi kaningi kunabesifazane;
- utshwala nokubhema;
- i-arterial hypertension (umfutho wegazi ophakeme);
- ukuphazamiseka osekuvele kukhona ku-lipid metabolism;
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- i-metabolic syndrome - inhlanganisela yokukhuluphala esiswini, ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose engalawuleki, ukugcwala okwandisiwe kwama-triglycerides kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme;
- ukungalingani kwe-hormonal kanye nezifo zohlelo lwe-endocrine;
- impilo yokuhlala;
- izimo ezicindezela njalo;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo nezihlasela amagciwane;
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbangela yokuqalwa kwe-pathology kungenzeka kube ukuntuleka kwezindlela zokuvikela izivikeli mzimba.
Izinhlobo zokuphazamiseka kwe-pathological
Kukhona ukuhlukaniswa okuthile kwezindlela ze-atherosclerosis ze-aorta yesisu. Ukuhlukaniswa kususelwa kobunzima bezimpawu zomtholampilo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwahlukaniswa kubeka izinguquko ezincwadini zemithambo yegazi nedatha evela ezifundweni zaselebhu nasezinsizeni.
Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ezine ze-atherosulinosis ze-aorta zesisu ziyahlukaniswa.
Isigaba sokuthatha isikhathi - kule nkathi, iziguli azikhonondi ngalutho, akukho okubakhathazayo. Lapho unquma izivivinyo, ikakhulukazi kumaphrofayili we-lipid, inani eliphelele lama-lipid lizobajwayelekile. Kuphela i-cholesterol ephezulu ne-low density lipoprotein ezodonsela ukunaka. Lezi zingxenyana zingama-atherogenic, okusho ukuthi, zinomthelela ekwakhekeni kwezindawo zokubhala. Ezitsheni ngokwazo, noma kuhlolwa ngokuphelele, cha, noma kukuncane, izinguquko zizotholwa. Kulesi sigaba, iziguli zidinga ukubhekwa njalo kwezokwelashwa, ngoba kuyingozi ukuqhubeka kwenqubo ye-pathological.
Isikhathi somtholampilo esikhona - okwamanje, ushintsho ekuhlaziyweni luzoqhubeka noma luqine. Ngeke kusabonakala zimpawu zokulimala kwemithambo, kodwa-ke, nge-angiography (ukuhlolwa kwemithambo yegazi), i-dopplerography kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound yemikhumbi, izinguquko zizotholwa. Izinguquko zingahluka kusuka kumapheshana okuqala we-lipid kuye ekubalweni kwama-plaque. Lesi yisigaba esibizwa ngokuthi yi-latent yesifo.
Isikhathi sokubonakaliswa okungacacile - ngalesi sikhathi, izimpawu zibonakala zisusiwe. Abantu abaningi baqala ukucabanga ukuthi lokhu umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ngoba bezwa ikhanda, kwesinye isikhathi “indiza” phambi kwamehlo, ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wenhliziyo, ukuphefumula ngezikhathi ezithile zobuhlungu obuhlungu ngemuva kwe-sternum (i-angina pectoris, noma i- “angina pectoris”), ngezinye izikhathi ukuphazamiseka kokugaya nezinkinga kungavela ngemilenze. I-Myocardial infarction noma i-stroke kungenzeka ikhule. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuzotholwa ama-cholesterol plaque osayizi abalulekile emikhunjini enezindlela zokuhlola zensimbi.
Ifomu lokugcina ukuqina kokuqubuka okungapheli, inqubo eqhubekayo yokuqhekeka kwemithambo yegazi. Imvamisa kuvela njengomphumela wokwelashwa okungafanele noma noma ukungatholakali kwayo. Ngokwemvelo, zombili lezi zihlaziyo nedatha yocwaningo zinikeza imiphumela engemihle: eminye imikhumbi ivinjiwe ngokuphelele, i-cholesterol ephelele, ama-lipoprotein angabantu abaphakeme aphakanyisiwe, isilinganiso sezingxenyana ezihlukile ze-lipid sephulwe.
Ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo kudalulwa kakhulu, futhi ushintsho olungaguquki nolubi lwe-necrotic selivele lwenzeka kwezinye izitho zomzimba. Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kuyadingeka kakhulu kulesi sigaba.
Ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo kwe-atherossteosis
Nge-atherosulinosis yokuzala kwesisu kwe-aorta, i-gastric, hepatic, splenic, ephakeme futhi ephansi imithambo ye-mesenteric, i-uterine, imithambo ye-ovarian / testicular, kanye ne-iliac, i-femoral, popliteal, tibial, fibular, imithambo yonyawo lwasemuva nawo wonke amagatsha amancane asuka kuwo, ayathinteka.
I-lesion ingaphambanisa, okungukuthi, ithinte inani elikhulu lemikhumbi ngasikhathi sinye.
Kulokhu, kuzabonakala izimpawu ezivela ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla kanye nasemikhawulweni ephansi.
Ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla kuzovezwa kulezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- izinhlungu ezivuthayo esiswini;
- ukwephulwa kokuhamba kwamathumbu ngesimo sohudo noma ukuqunjelwa;
- njalo
- ukuvinjwa kwamathumbu - isenzeko esingajwayelekile ngenxa yokwephulwa kokuhlinzekelwa kwegazi emathunjini;
- ukushisa kwenhliziyo;
- isicanucanu
- ukuhlanza
- belching;
- ukwehla kwesisindo okuqhubekayo ngenxa ye-malabsorption yezakhi zomzimba;
- i-potency engasebenzi kahle - enesifo semithambo yegazi ehlinzeka ngezitho zangasese;
- ukuphazamiseka kokuchama;
- Ubuhlungu ezinso;
- i-renal arterial hypertension - ngenxa yokuncipha kwe-lumen yemithambo ye-renal.
Ngomonakalo emaphethelweni aphansi, izimpawu zizohluka kancane:
- Isikhumba semilensi sizoba nsundu, kwesinye isikhathi sibe mnyama, sibande kuze kuthinte.
- Ukukhula kwezinwele kuzokhubazeka ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zemilenze.
- Imisipha izokonakala bese iwa.
- Iziguli zizokhononda ngemizwa ejwayelekile yokuthi "ama-goose bumps" emilenzeni yazo.
- Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhamba amabanga amade - abantu kufanele bavame ukuma ngenxa yobuhlungu obuvuthayo kanye nokukhubazeka emilenzeni yabo lapho behamba, izinyawo ezibandayo, imizwa ye "goosebumps" (kwezokwelapha lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-intermittent claudication syndrome", noma "uphawu lwe-Ribot").
- Imilenze ye-distal (engezansi) isheshe yehle isisindo, ibukeke ibukeka incane. "
- Izilonda ezinde ezingapholi isikhathi eside zivela ngenxa yokuhlinzekelwa kwegazi okungesihle esikhunjeni.
- Ukulimala okuncane esikhunjeni kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwezilonda ezikhulu zeprophic.
Ngemuva kwalokho, isikhumba esivele siphuzi singaphenduka sibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, bese siphenduka onsomi - lokhu kuwuphawu lwesimo sokukhiqiza isitho sokwenza umzimba (i-necrosis ycezu lwezicubu elixhumene nomoya-mpilo).
Izindlela zokuthola lesi sifo
Ukuxilongwa kokugcina kwalesi sifo kwenziwa ngesisekelo sokuhlaziywa kwezikhalazo zesiguli, kanye nezindlela zokucwaninga zaselebhu kanye nezinsimbi.
Izikhalazo zingahle zingacaci ngokuphelele, futhi zivame ukubangelwa ukubonakaliswa kwesifo somgudu wesisu (okusho izimpawu zokugaya ukudla). Kulokhu, iziguli zinikezwa ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwegazi nge-biochemical nephrofayili ye-lipid.
I-biochemistry yegazi inikeza isithombe esiphelele sokwakheka kwegazi, ingakhombisa ukuba khona kwe-anemia, ukwephulwa kwesilinganiso sezinto ezihlotshisiwe ezahlukahlukene, futhi kukhombisa nezinga elijwayelekile lekholesterol. Imvamisa, akufanele idlule ku-5.2 mmol / l kubantu abanempilo.
Iphrofayili ye-lipid imiselwe ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kokuqukethwe kwazo zonke izinhlobo zama-lipids egazini.
Emzimbeni kunezinhlobo ezinjalo zamafutha:
- i-cholesterol ephelele;
- ongaphakeme, ophansi kakhulu, ophakathi nendawo futhi ophakeme kakhulu ama-lipoprotein;
- triglycerides;
- chylomicrons.
Nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-atherossteosis, kuzoba nokwanda kokuqoqwa kwe-cholesterol ephelele futhi kuhlotshaniswe ne-lipoproteins ephansi kwabantu, ukukhuphuka kwe-triglycerides kanye nokwehla kwesilinganiso se-cholesterol ehlotshaniswa ne-high density lipoproteins. Lesi isithombe esivame kakhulu salesi sifo.
Phakathi kwezindlela ezisetshenziswayo zokucwaninga, i-angiography (ukuhlolwa kwemithambo kusetshenziswa ama-ejenti ahlukile), izindlela ze-ultrasound intravascular, i-compact tomography kanye ne-magnetic resonance imaging (CT neM MRI).
Usebenzisa lezi zindlela, ungabona indawo ngqo yama-plaque, ubukhulu bawo, ukwakheka kwawo, izinga lokuqhuma kwe-vasel lumen, indawo yokubhujiswa kwemithambo yegazi futhi uvikele ukulimala ezindaweni ezinempilo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-atherosclerosis ye-aorta yesisu
Izindlela zokwelapha zalesi sifo ziqondiswa ngokushesha ezingxenyeni ezimbalwa zenqubo. Kuhle ukusho khona manjalo ukuthi ukwelashwa ngeke kusheshe, imiphumela yokuqala ibonakala kuphela ngemuva konyaka.
Okokuqala, udinga umuntu ngamunye ukukhetha ukudla okubandakanya ukungafakwa ekudleni kokudla okuphezulu ku-cholesterol namafutha ezilwane. Ukudla kufanele kubuswe yimifino emisha, izithelo namajikijolo, amakhambi, inyama nenhlanzi nenhlanzi, kanye nokudla kwasolwandle. Dinga ukudla okwengeziwe, izitsha zethenda. Gwema ukudla ukudla okusheshayo, okunamafutha, okuthosiwe, okubhemayo, ukhukhamba, amaswidi kanye namagamu.
Cishe kuzo zonke izigaba ze-atherossteosis, kunqunywa imishanguzo. Kubandakanya ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezilwa ne-atherosclerotic. Lokhu kufaka ama-statins (Lovastatin, Atorvastatin, Rosuastatin, Akorta), i-fibrate (Fenofibrate), i-anion exchange resins (Colestipol, Cholestyramine), i-bile sequestrants kanye namalungiselelo we-nicotinic acid (Nicotinamide, iqembu le-Vitamin B3) Odokotela batusa ukuyithatha kusihlwa, ngaphambi kokulala, ngoba inqwaba ye-cholesterol yemvelo yenziwa emzimbeni wethu ebusuku, kusukela ngo-4 kuye ku-6 ekuseni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezincomo eziningi zokuthatha amavithamini kanye namaminerali, ngoba zizothuthukisa isimo jikelele nokuvikelwa komzimba, futhi kuzosebenza njengohlobo lwesithiyo ezifweni.
Isisindo esengeziwe yinkinga enkulu yeziguli ezine-atherosclerosis. Ukuyinciphisa, udinga ukuzibandakanya njalo kwezemidlalo, okungenani uhambe nsuku zonke okungenani isigamu sehora. Ukugxila esimweni sempilo nokuqina komzimba, ungangeza ukuzivocavoca kwamandla ahlukahlukene.
Uma ufisa, ungasebenzisa amakhambi esintu - imbewu yefilakisi, uju, ipropoli, ama-herbal tinctures wezokwelapha (izindlela zokubambisa).
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kunikezwa ukuhlinzwa. Qiniseka ukuthi ulahla imikhuba emibi - ukubhema nokuphuza.
Isazi sevidiyo esikulesi sihloko sizokhuluma nge-aortic atherosulinosis.
