Namuhla eRussia bangaphezulu kwe-10 ml abantu abanesifo sikashukela ababhalisiwe. Isifo esinjalo siqala ngokuqhamuka ngemuva kokushoda kwe-insulin okubandakanya izinqubo ze-metabolic.
Ezigulini eziningi, insulin yansuku zonke ikhonjiswa impilo ephelele. Kodwa-ke, namuhla emakethe yezokwelapha ngaphezulu kwe-90% yawo wonke amalungiselelo e-insulin akhiqizwanga eRussia Federation. Kungani lokhu kwenzeka, ngoba imakethe yokukhiqiza i-insulin inenzuzo impela futhi iyahloniphana?
Namuhla, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin eRussia ngokwemvelo kungama-3.5%, futhi ngokwemali - 2%. Futhi yonke imakethe ye-insulin ilinganiselwa kumadola ayizigidi ezingama-450-500. Kule mali, izigidi ezingama-200 yi-insulin, kanti enye esetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa (cishe izigidi eziyikhulu) kanye namaphilisi we-hypoglycemic (izigidi eziyi-130).
Abakhiqizi Be-Insulin Basekhaya
Kusukela ngo-2003, isitshalo se-insulin iMedsintez saqala ukusebenza eNovouralsk, namuhla esikhiqiza cishe ama-70% e-insulin ebizwa ngeRosinsulin.
Ukukhiqiza kwenzeka esakhiweni esingu-4000 m2, esihlanza izindlu zokuhlanza ezingama-386 m2. Futhi, lesi sitshalo sinezakhiwo zamakilasi okuhlanzeka u-D, C, B no-A.
Umenzi usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje nemishini yakamuva evela ezinkampanini ezaziwayo zokuhweba. Lokhu ngamaJapane (EISAI) amaJalimane (BOSCH, SUDMO) nemishini yase-Italy.
Kuze kube ngu-2012, izinto ezidingekayo zokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin zitholwe phesheya. Kepha muva nje, iMedintint, yathuthukisa uhlobo lwayo lwamagciwane futhi yakhipha umuthi wayo obizwa ngeRosinsulin.
Ukumiswa kwenziwa emabhodleleni nakumakhathuni ezinhlobo ezintathu:
- P - Isixazululo sobunjiniyela sofuzo lomuntu wokujova. Isebenza ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30. emva kokuphatha, inani eliphakeme lokusebenza lenzeka amahora angama-2-4 ngemuva komjovo futhi luhlala kuze kube ngamahora angama-8.
- C - insulin-isophan, eyenzelwe ukuphathwa kwe-sc. Umphumela we-Hypoglycemic wenzeka ngemuva kwamahora we-1-2, ukugxilisa okuphezulu kakhulu kufinyelelwa ngemuva kwamahora we-6-12, futhi isikhathi sokusebenza sithatha amahora angama-24.
- M - i-Rosinsulin yomuntu wesigaba sesibili sokuphathwa kwe-sc. Umphumela wehlisela ushukela wenzeka ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30, futhi igxathu lokuphakama livela emahoreni angama-4 kuya kwe-12 futhi kuthatha amahora angama-24.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo zemithamo, iMedsintez ikhiqiza izinhlobo ezimbili zamapensela e-Rosinsulin syringe - ethandwa futhi futhi engasetshenziswa kabusha. Banendlela yabo ekhethekile enelungelo lobunikazi ekuvumela ukuthi ubuyise umthamo wangaphambilini uma ngabe wawungasetwanga ngendlela okufanele.
I-Rosinsulin inezibuyekezo eziningi phakathi kweziguli nodokotela. Kusetshenziswa uma kukhona isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 noma uhlobo 2, i-ketoacidosis, i-coma noma isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Ezinye iziguli zithi ngemuva kokwethulwa kwayo, gxuma kushukela wegazi, abanye abanesifo sikashukela, kunalokho, bancoma lesi sidakamizwa, beqinisekisa ukuthi sikuvumela ukulawula ngokuphelele i-glycemia.
Futhi, kusukela ngonyaka ka-2011, kwethulwa isitshalo sokuqala sokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin esifundeni sase-Oryol, esenza umjikelezo ogcwele, sikhiqiza amapeni ezi-syringe agcwele ukumiswa. Le projekthi yaqalwa yinkampani yamazwe omhlaba iSanofi, engumnikezeli omkhulu wezidakamizwa ezilapha ngempumelelo isifo sikashukela.
Kodwa-ke, isitshalo asizivezi izinto ngokwazo. Ngefomu elomile, le nto ithengwa eJalimane, ngemuva kwalokho i-crystalline hormone yabantu, ama-analogues ayo nezakhi ezisizayo kuxutshwe ukuze kutholwe ukumiswa komjovo. Ngakho-ke, kwenziwa i-insulin yaseRussia e-Orel, lapho kwenziwa khona amalungiselelo e-insulin wezinyathelo ezisheshayo nezinde, ikhwalithi yazo ehlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zegatsha laseJalimane.
I-WHO incoma emazweni anabantu abangaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-50 abantu ukuthi bahlele ngokwabo ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone. Lokhu kuzosiza abanesifo sikashukela ukuba bangabi nezinkinga zokuthenga i-insulin.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-insulin ikhiqizwa nguGeropharm, umholi ekwakhiweni kwezidakamizwa ezenziwe ngofuzo eRussia. Ngemuva kwakho konke, lo menzi kuphela okhiqiza imikhiqizo yasendlini ngendlela yezidakamizwa nezinto.
Le mishanguzo yaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela. Lokhu kufaka i-Rinsulin NPH (umphumela ophakathi) kanye ne-Rinsulin P (isenzo esifushane). Kwenziwe ucwaningo okuhloswe ngalo ukubheka ukusebenza kwale mishanguzo, lapho kutholakala khona umehluko omncane phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zasekhaya nezidakamizwa zakwamanye amazwe.
Ngakho-ke, abanesifo sikashukela bangayethemba i-insulin yaseRussia ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngempilo yabo.
Ingabe izidakamizwa zakwamanye amazwe zingangena esikhundleni se-insulin yasekhaya?
Umjikelezo ophelele wokukhiqizwa kwezidakamizwa ezakhiwe ngofuzo waqalwa ngesisekelo se-Moscow Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, iRussia Academy of Sciences e-Obolensk. Kepha lokhu kungukukhiqizwa kwamandla okuphansi, ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhiqizo ufakwe ezitsheni ezingakhululeki ezingakulungele ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani ayakhiqizi izidakamizwa ezinomphumela ohlala njalo.
Mayelana ne-Medsintez ne-Pharmastandart, laba abakhiqizi be-insulin bapakisha imikhiqizo engenisiwe. Amanani abo acishe afane nezindleko zomkhiqizo wakwamanye amazwe.
Kodwa-ke, namuhla ezinye izinkampani zemithi zaseRussia zikulungele ukuhlanganyela ekukhiqizweni okugcwele kwamalungiselelo e-insulin. Kuhlelwa nokuthi kwakhiwe isitshalo esifundeni saseMoscow, lapho kuzokwakhiwa khona izidakamizwa ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezanamuhla ezizoselapha kahle isifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke, unyaka wonke umenzi uzokhiqiza izinto ezifika ku-250 kg.
Kucatshangelwa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin yokuzikhiqizela kwethu kuzoba ngonyaka ka-2017. Lokhu kuzovumela abantu abanesifo sikashukela ukuthi bathenge i-insulin yaseRussia eshibhile. Kunezinye izinzuzo zokwakha izidakamizwa ezifuywayo:
- Okokuqala, izitshalo ezenza amakhemisi zizoqala ukukhiqiza ama-hormone esenzo esisebenza isikhathi eside kanye ne-ultrashort.
- Eminyakeni engama-34 ezayo, kuhlelwe ukwethula umugqa ogcwele wazo zonke izikhundla ezi-4.
- I-hormone izotholakala ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene - isirinji esisebenzisekayo nesilahlekayo, amapeni, amabhodlela kanye nama-cartridge.
Kepha inqubo enjalo yinde. Ngakho-ke, i-insulin eRussia ngeke yakwazi ngokushesha ukufaka izidakamizwa ezingeniswa ezweni kungekudala.
Okwamanje, uNovo Nordisk (43.4%), u-Eli Lilly (27.6%) noSanofi-Aventis (17.8%) bahlala bezinkampani ezihola phambili ezimakethe zomhlaba kanye naseRussia.
I-Pharmstandard isendaweni yesine kulolu hlu (6%), kanti abanye abakhiqizi bathola ama-3% kuphela womkhiqizo we-insulin eRussia.
Ukuthunyelwa kwe-insulin yaseRussia kuye eYurophu
Kusukela ngonyaka we-2016, inkampani iSanofi (France) inethuba lokuthumela imishanguzo yaseRussia eJalimane. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kwenziwa esifundeni sase-Oryol esakhiweni iSanofi-Aventis Vostok.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ingxenye yesithathu yemakethe ye-insulin (18.7%) iyimpahla yeSanofi Russia. Ngasikhathi sinye, umphathi wale nhlangano, uVictoria Eremina, uthi abantu abanesifo sikashukela abahlala eRussia abanalutho abazokukhathazeka ngalo, ngoba izimpahla ezidayiswa emakethe yasekhaya yaseRussia ngeke zehle ngisho naphezu kokuthunyelwa okuthe xaxa kwe-insulin eYurophu.
Lokhu kuzokwenzeka ngenxa yokwanda okwengeziwe kwevolumu yokukhiqiza. Impela, ifektri yeSanofi Oryol inemishini yakamuva nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuhambisanayo. Ngakho-ke, umkhiqizo we-insulin uGlargin Lantus waseSanofi uthatha isikhundla esiphambili ekuthengiseni kwe-insulin ezimakethe zaseRussia.
Ngakho-ke, i-insulin izoba ngowokuqala wemikhiqizo yaseSanofi yaseRussia ukuthunyelwa. Kwinkampani yaseFrance, isixazululo esinjalo sinengqondo futhi sizuzisa ngokwezomnotho, ngoba ngaphambi kwenhlupheko, intengo yokukhiqizwa kwezidakamizwa eYurophu naseRussia yayicishe ifane, kepha ngemuva kwalapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kwaba ushibhile ngo-10-15%. Futhi amanani akhiqizwayo akhuphukile azonciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.
Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko ikhuluma ngokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin eRussia.
