Inqubo ye-pathological lapho kuhlangana khona i-cholesterol ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi ibizwa ngokuthi yi-atherosulinosis. Ngenxa yama-plaque, ukunikezwa kwegazi ezithweni zangaphakathi, ubuchopho kanye nezinyawo kunqunyelwe, kuba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, kuze kube ngomphumela obulalayo.
Ukulimala kwe-Vascular kubangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-lipid metabolism, kukhona ushintsho kwisilinganiso phakathi kwezindawo zokuhamba zezinto ezinjengamafutha. Ukukhubazeka, ukufa kwe-atherosclerosis kanye nezinkinga zayo kuthatha isikhundla esiphambili phakathi kwezinye izimbangela.
Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-cholesterol ne-atherossteosis
I-cholesterol ingaba phezulu, iphansi futhi iphansi kakhulu. Umuthi onobukhulu obukhulu uqukethe ama-molecule amaningi wamaprotheni, kuyadingeka ukuthi kudluliswe amafutha esibindini, ukwakhiwa kwezakhi zamangqamuzana. Lolu hlobo lwamafutha lubizwa ngokuthi luhle, ngoba luvikela imithambo yegazi ezinqubweni ezonakalisayo.
Izimo zamandla aphansi futhi aphansi kakhulu aqukethe amaprotheni amancane kakhulu namafutha amaningi. Lezi zingxenyana futhi zivusa ukuthuthukiswa kwama-atherosulinotic plaque. Ekuqaleni kwenqubo ye-pathological, i-cholesterol esifundeni esincishisiwe samanje singena kumagobolondo angaphakathi. AmaMicrotraumas angasiza kulokhu. Manje inkambo yesifo i-asymptomatic, ingahlala isikhathi eside.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukufakwa kwamafutha ezindaweni ezikhudlwana, ukukhula kwezicubu ezithinta izicubu. Izinhlayiya ze-plaque kanye nokuhamba kwegazi emithanjeni emincane, vimba ukuhamba kwegazi. Isiguli sinezimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo:
- ukuhlaselwa kwe-angina;
- ubuhlungu besitho sangaphakathi esithintekile;
- ukukhulumisana isikhashana;
- Ukuhlaselwa kobuchopho be-ischemic.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cholesterol plaque ikhula ngokwengeziwe, iba mkhulu. Uma i-neoplasm idlula i-lumen ye-vascular, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwenzeka kule ndawo. Diagnose ischemic stroke, gangren of theiphelo, infyoction myocardial.
Umbono wendima ye-cholesterol ekunqotshweni kwemithambo yemithambo wesekeli awusekelwa yibo bonke ososayensi. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-atherosclerosis iyi-etiology ye-hormonal, immune and viral.
Kukhona izifundo eziqinisekisile ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-atherossteosis nenkomba yamahhala yemibhalo, ukuhlukunyezwa kokuvikelwa kwe-choroid, chlamydia, nokuphazamiseka kwamaseli wemisipha ebushelelezi.
Atherossteosis Cholesterol
Kungakhathaleki ukuthi yini imbangela yesifo kanye nokwenziwa kwendawo inqubo ye-pathological, kubalulekile ukumisa ukuhlaziywa kwethonya le-lipid ukunquma amaqhinga wokwelashwa okwalandela. Kumuntu ophilile, izinkomba ze-cholesterol zihlobene nobulili, iminyaka.
Amadoda aze afike eminyakeni engama-50 anezilinganiso eziphakeme, khona-ke isilinganiso sezinguquko, esidalwa isikhathi sokuya esikhathini kubantu besifazane. Ukuntuleka kwe-estrogen ye-hormone kuphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-metabolism, ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, ukubekwa kwento efana namafutha kwenzeka ngisho nokudla okufanele nendlela yokuphila.
Kunconywa okungenani kanye ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ukwenza iphrofayili ye-lipid (nikela ngegazi le-cholesterol) kuwo wonke umuntu oseke weqa umkhawulo weminyaka engama-35 kuya kwengama-40, kungakhathalekile ukuba khona kwezimpawu. Inani elihle lomzimba liyinkomba:
- cholesterol ephezulu-kwabantu - 1.02-1.54 mmol / l;
- i-cholesterol esezingeni eliphansi - hhayi ngaphezu kwe-3.3 mmol / l;
- triglycerides - 1.65 mmol / l.
Imikhawulo yokujwayelekile inqunywa amatafula athuthukiswe ngokukhethekile, kepha elabhorethri ngayinye ingahluka kancane. Ngalesi sizathu, kungcono ukunikela ngegazi esikhungweni sezokwelapha esifanayo.
Inkomba yenkinga yezempilo ukwanda kwe-cholesterol embi.
| umngcele | kufika ku-4 mmol / l |
| phezulu | kufika ku-5 mmol / l |
| kuyingozi | ngaphezulu kuka-5 mmol / l |
Izizathu zokukhula kwezingxenyana eziyingozi zento enjengamafutha kufanele zifunwe ngokungahambisani nokufakwa kwe-cholesterol, ukumuncwa kwamathumbu. Isithombe esifanayo senzeka ngenqubo yokuvuvukala yama-ducts e-bile, isibindi, ukuqhekeka kweziqubu ze-bile.
Kwi-pancreatitis e-acute kanye ne-pancreatic oncology, ukuntuleka kwe-lipase kwenzeka, obhekene nokuqhekeka kwe-lipids ekudleni. Kwezifo zezinso, kuguqulwa ukuvela kwento efana namafutha izicubu. I-Lipid metabolism yehlisa ijubane ngokuphuza ngokweqile, ukuntuleka kokuqashelwa kwe-insulin ye-hormone. Ngalesi sizathu, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zivame ukugula nge-atherossteosis.
Kunamaqembu ambalwa anobungozi be-atherossteosis, afaka iziguli ezinalezi zifo kanye nemibandela:
- isakhi sofuzo;
- ukuya esikhathini
- impilo yokuhlala;
- ukubaluleka kokudla okunamafutha ekudleni;
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- ngokweqile.
Iqembu lengcuphe lifaka iziguli ezivame ukuhlushwa amagciwane kanye namagciwane, zisebenza ezimbonini eziyingozi.
Lapho kunenkambiso yokwehlisa i-cholesterol ephezulu kakhulu, lokhu kubonisa ukukhula okungaba khona kwama-pathologies of the izicubu zemisipha yenhliziyo kanye ne-vasher atherosulinosis.
Lapho kutholakala izinga lokuncipha kwama-lipoproteins, bakhuluma ngokuthuthukiswa kwezifo zezindlela ezi-bronchial, i-anemia, i-thyrotooticosis.
Izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza
Kungakhathaleki ukuthi iyini imbangela yokukhula kwe-cholesterol kanye ne-atherosclerosis ye-vascular, kuboniswa ukuthi kunempilo yokudla, kuphakamisa ukunqunyelwa kwamafutha ezilwane. Ukwelashwa kokudla kusetshenziselwa futhi ukuvikela izifo zemithambo yegazi kubantu abasengozini.
Imigomo yokudla okufanele iyancishiswa ekwenqatshweni kwewundlu, isaladi, ingulube, imajarini, i-offal, amaswidi nemikhiqizo esekuqediwe. Kuyadingeka ukukhawulela ukubhaka, isinkwa esimhlophe, i-pasta, amazambane, phakathi nesonto ungadli amaqanda angaphezu kwama-2.
Kunconywa ukufaka izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezibilisiwe, inyama engenamafutha, imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha aphansi, okusanhlamvu, isinkwa esiphelele sokusanhlamvu, amanzi amaminerali, iziphuzo zemifino yemvelo, izithelo nemifino ekudleni.
Ngaphezu kokudla, kuyadingeka ukuhlela imodi yokuphumula nokusebenza, okungenani isigamu sehora ngosuku kufanele kunikezwe imisebenzi yomzimba, futhi kungabi ngaphansi kwamahora ayi-8 okulala. Kufanele uyeke ukubhema, ukuphuza utshwala, nezinye izidakamizwa. Isimo esisemqoka sokuqeda izifo ze-vascular ukusetshenziswa kotshwala obungaphezu kwama-20 ml ngokuya notshwala be-ethyl.
Ukuletha amazinga e-cholesterol ajwayelekile, umuntu onesifo sikashukela kufanele:
- ukulawula isisindo;
- ukwelapha okufika ngesikhathi izifo zomgudu wokugaya ukudla;
- qeda ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine.
Ezinye izidakamizwa zivusa futhi ukwephulwa kwe-metabolism yamafutha, ngenxa yalesi sizathu kubalulekile ukuthatha amaphilisi kuphela ngokunconywa ngudokotela.
Lapho izindlela zokwelapha zingalethi imiphumela, kuyadingeka ukuthi ushintshele kumithi eyehlisa i-lipid.
Yakhiwa kuphi i-cholesterol?
Isakhiwo se-cholesterol sifana kakhulu ne-bile acids, lapho siguqulwa khona ngaphambi kokungena ekwakhiweni kwe-bile. Ngokuncipha kokukhishwa kwento, i-cholesterol metabolism kanye nezimfuneko zokwandisa ukuqina kwayo egazini ziyacasuka.
Ukukhishwa kwento enjengamafutha kuthintwa yikhwalithi, inani lokudla, amaphesenti wamafutha kuyo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinga lokukhiqizwa kwalo lincike esilinganisweni se-cholesterol excretion. Uma kukhona ukuphazamiseka kwe-cholesterol metabolism, ukusebenzisana kwalezi zinqubo kuyaphazamiseka.
Kungaba khona i-atherosclerosis nge-cholesterol ejwayelekile? I-endocrine ne-neva system inethonya elikhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-cholesterol ngesibindi. Kule ndlela, ubulili nama-hormone omsebenzi we-thyroid gland.
Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamafutha ne-cholesterol ngokudla kuthinta hhayi isibindi kuphela, kepha futhi nomthethonqubo:
- uvalo;
- i-endocrine.
Isibonelo ukwehla kokusebenza kwe-yegilo lapho kudla inani elikhulu le-lipids.
Kungani kukhona i-atherosclerosis ephethe i-cholesterol ejwayelekile? Ukuphazamiseka kwe-cholesterol metabolism kungenye yezinyathelo ekwakhiweni kwe-atherosclerosis, hhayi umphumela walesi sifo. Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-pathology zivela ngemuva kwezinkinga ezinkulu emikhunjini.
Ngenxa yokwephulwa kwe-cholesterol metabolism, ikhwalithi nenani lezinto ezijikelezayo ekuguquleni kwegazi. Kulokhu, i-cholesterol idlula ku-choroid yangaphakathi, iyabambezeleka, njengasekuhlunga.
Izindonga zemikhumbi zisabela ekuqongeleleni into enjengamafutha ngokwanda kwezicubu ezithintekayo. Imboza i-cholesterol exazululiwe, amafomu ama-bulge ngaphakathi komthambo wegazi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi:
- imisebe ye-vascular lumen;
- kuphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi okujwayelekile;
- kufa izicubu.
Ukufakwa kwemali okusha kwe-lipid, ukukhula kwezicubu ezithintekayo kuvela, inqubo ye-pathological ihlala kuze kube yilapho i-lumen ivaliwe ngokuphelele. Kwenzeka ukuthi i-cholesterol plaque ikhula ngaphezu kwendawo yomkhumbi, ihlanganise izindonga zayo. Ukunciphisa noma ukuqinisa udonga lwe-vascular kuyimbangela eqondile yalesi sifo kanye nezimpawu zaso.
Lesi sifo siqhubeka ngaphandle kokungaphatheki kahle, izinhlungu zenzeka kuphela ezithweni ezinganikezwa kahle ngegazi. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sesidingo esikhulu segazi, ngokwesibonelo, ngomsebenzi owandayo.
Kulokhu, isicelo esandisiwe asiyaneliswa, ngoba amandla okudlula igazi alahlekile. Kungani ukubulawa yindlala kwenzeka, ukufa kwamaseli athile athola igazi ngemithambo ethintekile.
Ngakho-ke, i-atherossteosis ne-cholesterol imiqondo ehlobene.
Lapho imikhumbi ivame kakhulu ukulinyazwa
Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosclerosis, umphumela ezinqubweni ezitsheni kwenzeka. Ama-cholesterol plaque avame ukuvela kulezo zindawo zesistimu ye-vascular lapho ukumelana okukhulu kubonwa khona.
Lezi zindawo yiziqa nemilomo yemikhumbi emincane, igatsha lazo kusuka emikhunjini emikhulu nemithambo yegazi. Izinguquko ze-atherossteotic zenzeka ezindaweni ezivame kakhulu ukugoba, ziguqula ithoni yazo. Izindawo ezinjalo zisongela, ezidala izimo zokuthi zingalimali ngokwengeziwe.
Umfutho wegazi ophakeme nawo ungasiza ekwakhiweni kwesimo se-pathological. Odokotela bathi kuyiziguli ezinesifo somfutho kanye nesifo sikashukela ezithambekele kakhulu kwi-atherossteosis kuneziguli ezinomfutho ojwayelekile.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ezilwaneni ezazivele zithonywe umfutho wegazi ophezulu, lapho zisuthisa i-cholesterol, izinguquko ze-atherosclerotic zanda ngokushesha kakhulu nasezindaweni ezinkulu.
Ngomfutho wegazi ophakeme, umthwalo emithanjeni yegazi uyakhuphuka, ngakho-ke i-trophism yabo iyancipha, inkambo ye-atherosulinosis iyanda. Ukulimala emithanjeni yegazi nakho kunomthelela ekwakhiweni kwesimo se-pathological. Amachaphaza e-cholesterol avela ngqo endaweni yenqubo yokulimala nokulimala.
Ungayelapha kanjani i-atherosclerosis ichazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
