I-Atherosclerosis yobuchopho yisifo esibi lapho kulimala khona imithambo yegazi, eqinisekisa ukulethwa kwezakhi zomsoco nomoya wamangqamuzana ezinhlayiya zezinzwa.
I-Atherossteosis yobuchopho ibonakala ngezinqubo eziholela ekunciphiseni nasekuqothulweni kwama-cholesterol deposits emikhunjini yempi enikeza izakhi zomzimba kumaseli wobuchopho.
Izinqubo ze-pathological ezenzeka emzimbeni ziholela eqinisweni lokuthi ubuchopho buqala ukuthola inani elinganele lezakhi zomsoco ne-oksijini, okuholela kokuvela kwendlala yomoya-mpilo wamaseli wezicubu zezinzwa - i-hypoxia.
Umphumela wokukhula kwe-arteriosulinosis yamakhorali ukuvela kwezimpawu ezibonisa ukuwohloka kokuhlinzekelwa kwegazi kwezicubu zemizwa, ukwephulwa kwesakhiwo sayo nemisebenzi, imiphumela yokuphazamiseka okunjalo yizinkinga ezikhulayo emzimbeni ngendlela yemivimbo kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo.
I-arteryosulinosis ethuthukile yenqubekelaphambili icasula ukufakwa kancane kancane kwe-lipoprotein ephansi futhi ephansi kakhulu ezindongeni zangaphakathi zemithambo yegazi futhi kuyingozi ngoba ukutholakala kwayo ezigabeni zokuqala akunakwenzeka, kanti ukuvelela kwempilo kwalesi sifo kuhambisana nokuthi isiphi isigaba sokuqubuka kwesifo esitholakele.
Lesi sifo singelapheki futhi senzeka ngendlela ehlukile esigulini ngasinye, kepha izimpawu zokuziphatha ziyefana.
Izimbangela zesifo
Kungani i-atherosclerosis yenzeka emzimbeni womuntu futhi uyini?
Njengomphumela wokuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwe-lipid metabolism, ukubonakaliswa kwama-lipoprotein aphansi futhi aphansi kakhulu kwenzeka ezindongeni zangaphakathi zemikhumbi ye-arterial. Ama-forming amana abizwa ngokuthi ama-plaque. Akhiwa ezitsheni zezinso, inhliziyo, ubuchopho nabanye. Lezi zinhlaka zamaseli zinokwanda okuhle ngenxa yokuba khona kwengqimba enamandla yemisipha esakhiweni sazo.
Lapho lesi sifo sivele kuphela futhi siqala ukuthuthuka, ukunqwabelana kwamakhemikhali e-cholesterol akuyithinti kakhulu inhlala-kahle yomuntu. Esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula, lesi sifo siqhubeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezibonakalayo.
Imvamisa, lesi sifo sitholakala esigabeni seminyaka engu-45+.
I-atherosulinosis yemithambo ye-arterial yobuchopho iyisizathu esisodwa sokubukeka - ukuba khona kwe-cholesterol ephakeme ku-plasma yegazi.
Ukuvela kwalokhu kwephula umthetho kungabangelwa yizinto ezahlukahlukene.
Izici eziyingozi ezinkulu yilezi:
- iminyaka yobudala engu-45+;
- ukuba khona komzimba wesisindo ngokweqile;
- ukuba khona kwesiguli esinomfutho wegazi ophakeme isikhathi eside - umfutho wegazi ophakeme;
- isifiso sokuthola ifa - ubukhona be-arteryosulinosis yamakhowe ezihlotsheni eziseduze;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela esigulini;
- ukubhema;
- ukuhlukunyezwa ngokweqile kotshwala;
- impilo yokuhlala;
- ukuba khona kokukhula kwegazi okuhlanganayo kumuntu.
Iziguli ezingaphezu kwesigamu zinenhlanganisela ye-arteriosulinosis yangaphakathi emithanjeni yazo ngomonakalo ofanayo nemithambo yendawo ehlukile.
Ngokuvamile, i-lesion iyabonakala:
- Isistimu ye-vasuron ye-Coronary.
- Imithambo yemikhawulo ephansi.
- Uhlelo lwezinzwa lwezinso.
- Imithambo eyondla amathumbu.
Ukubonakala kwezimpawu zesiguli zesistimu yezinzwa kufanele kwazise udokotela enza ukuhlolwa komzimba ngokushesha.
Uma kunokusola okuncane kakhulu kokuqalwa kwe-pathology ye-cerebral circulal, udokotela kufanele anikeze isethi yokuhlolwa ukuthola izinga lokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo futhi anikeze nezindlela zokwelapha ezanele zokwelashwa kwaso.
Izimpawu zalesi sifo kanye nokuxilongwa kwaso
Endabeni yokuqalwa kwesifo, uphawu lokuqala lwesifo ukubonakala kobuhlungu phezu kobuso bonke bekhanda.
Ubuhlungu esiteji sokuqala kwesinye isikhathi buvela, futhi emva kwalokho ukukhula kwabo nobude besikhathi kukhuphuka.
Imvamisa, iziguli azinaki ngokukhethekile lezi zimpawu, zibhekisa ekukhathaleni kanye nesigqi sokuphila.
Izimpawu nezimpawu ezilandelayo ziimpawu zokugula okukhulayo:
- ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo yokulala - ukuqwasha kuyavela, amaphupho amnyama ebusuku, usizi emzimbeni lapho uvuka nezinkinga zokuphinda ulale;
- ukulahleka okuyingxenye kokuzwela kwengxenye yomzimba;
- ukubonakala kobuhlungu obuqinile futhi obuvame ukwenzeka ekhanda;
- umsebenzi wokukhubazeka ongafanele;
- ukungaboni kahle
- ukubonakala kwe-tinnitus;
- ukubukeka kokukhathazeka;
- ukuqala kokudangala, ukubukeka kokukhathazeka kanye nomuzwa wokukhathazeka;
- ukwenzeka kokuqhuma okushisayo nokujuluka;
- isiguli sikhulise ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka nokuphazamiseka;
- i-chin nezinyawo kuqale ukuthuthumela;
- kuqhamuka izinkinga zememori.
Ukuvela kwalezi zibonakaliso okwamanje akukhombisi ukuthi isiguli sakha i-atherosulinosis yemikhumbi ephakela ubuchopho.
Ukuze uqinisekise ngokunembile ukuba khona kwalesi sifo, kufanele kwenziwe izifundo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke, lapho lezi zibonakaliso zivela, kufanele uthintane nodokotela we-neuropathologist ukuze uthole izeluleko.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuxilonga ezisetshenziswa elebhu kanye nezinsimbi.
Ukunquma ukuvela kwesifo, kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kohlelo lwe-vascular system.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kunesidingo sokucacisa ukutholakala kwezifo, ukusetshenziswa kwe:
- I-vascular angiography - indlela yokuxilonga ikuvumela ukuba ubone ubukhona bezimpawu zezindonga zemithambo. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ikhemikhali elikhethekile elihlukile elingeniswe embhedeni wemithambo.
- I-Transcranial Doppler.
- Ukuskena i-Duplex noma ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultra kohlelo lwama-intracranial.
Lezi zindlela zokuhlola ziyasebenza futhi ziphephile ngokuphelele. Lezi zinhlobo zokuhlolwa zenziwa ngokuhambisana nokuhlolwa kwelebhu.
Esezinhlelweni zokuhlolwa kwelebhu, kwenziwa ukuhlola kwegazi okujwayelekile nokwe-biochemical ukukhomba inani lama-lipids kanye nesilinganiso phakathi kwamaqembu abo ahlukahlukene.
Izigaba zokuqubuka kwezifo
I-Cerebral atherossteosis iyakwazi ukudambisa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okungapheli kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-encephalopathy emzimbeni womuntu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo sibonisa ukwenzeka kwezifo zesikhashana zokusakazeka kwenhliziyo, okuthiwa ukuhlaselwa yisikhashana kusenzeka futhi kuvela imivimbo.
Ngokuya ngokuqhubeka kwesifo, kuhlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu zalesi sifo.
Izigaba zesifo zibonakaliswa yizimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Isigaba sokuqala sokugula asinaso isibonakaliso esidaluliwe, kepha uma umuntu ebhekisisa isimo sezempilo, uyakwazi ukubona izinguquko ezithile kuso. Okokuqala, isiguli siba nokukhathala ngemuva kokusebenzisa amandla omzimba omncane emzimbeni. Kulesi sigaba sokuqhubeka kwesifo, isiyezi kanye nokuqaqanjelwa kwekhanda ngezikhathi ezithile kungenzeka, ngasikhathi sinye kulesi sigaba kukhona ukwephulwa kwemisebenzi yememori nokusebenza okuncishisiwe. Esikhathini esiningi, ukuqala kwezimpawu kuwuphawu lwentambama. Izimpawu ezibonakaliswa kulesi sigaba sokuthuthuka kwesifo zidlula ngemuva kokuphumula okufushane ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imiphumela yokwelapha.
- Isigaba sokuthuthuka. Lesi sigaba sibonakala ngokubonakala komuntu othambekele kokudla kakhulu amakhono namakhono akhe. Kulesi sigaba, kukhona ukwanda kwezimpawu ezibonakala esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula kwesifo. Ukukhathazeka nokuvela kwezimo ezicindezelayo kujoyina izimpawu ezikhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiyezi, iminwe ethuthumela nokukhuluma okufiphele kungenzeka.
- Isigaba sokubuyiselwa kwemali. Lesi sigaba sokuthuthuka kwe-pathology sinzima. Ubonakala ngokulahleka kwenkumbulo namandla okucabanga nokuzinikela ngokwanele. Lesi sigaba sivezwa ngokuvela kokukhubazeka nemivimbo.
Uma lesi sifo sifinyelela esigabeni sokugcina, isiguli sidinga ukunakekelwa kwangaphandle.
Ukwelashwa kwe-cerebral arteriosulinosis
Udokotela we-neuropathologist ubandakanyeka ekwelashweni kwalesi sifo.
Imisebenzi yakhe ifaka ukukhomba iziguli kanye nokuhlola ubukhulu bezinguquko emzimbeni.
Ngemuva kokuhlolwa, udokotela ubeka inkambo yokwelashwa okwanele kwezidakamizwa.
Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo inqubo ende futhi esikhathini esiningi kudinga ukuphathwa impilo yonke kwemithi ekhethekile.
Izinhloso zezifundo zokwelapha yilezi:
- ukwehla kwamandla okubonakaliswa kwe-ischemic;
- ukubuyiselwa kwamaseli namandla abo okusebenza;
- ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwemiphumela emibi yemivimbo;
- ukulungiswa kwe-metabolism yamafutha ekuqondeni kokwehla kokugxila kwe-plasma ye-LDL ne-VLDL.
Imishanguzo ebekiwe ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kufanele, okokuqala, ihlinzeke ngcono ekuhlinzekweni kwegazi kumaseli wezicubu zezinzwa.
Ngaphezu kokwelashwa kwendabuko kwendabuko, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasetshenziswa ukwenza ngcono isimo somzimba. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa leli khambi noma lesintu, kufanele uvakashele udokotela wakho futhi ubonisane ngalolu daba.
Njengamakhambi esintu, ama-infusions kanye nama-decoctions of ada aqukethe amakhambi ahlukahlukene asetshenziswa.
Enye yezimo zokuvimbela ukuqhubeka kwesifo ukulandela ukudla okhethekile okunconyelwe udokotela.
Ekuqaliseni ukwelashwa, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa zamaqembu ahlukahlukene emithi.
Ngenqubo yokwelashwa isetshenziswa:
- Izimo
- Izicucu. Lawa maphilisi e-cholesterol awanconyelwe ukusetshenziswa ngama-statins.
- I-Nicotinic acid
- Izikhathi zokuhlukaniswa kwama-bile acid.
- Izidakamizwa ze-antihypertensive.
- Ama-antiplatelet agents.
- Vitamin complexes. Iqukethe amavithamini B, uvithamini C no-vithamini A.
Ngokungeziwe ekwelashweni kwezidakamizwa, kusetshenziswe olunye uhlobo lwendlela yokubuyisela ukuhambisa kwegazi ebuchosheni - ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa.
Le ndlela yokwelashwa isetshenziswa lapho kungekho khona izinto eziguquguqukayo ezigulini kusuka ekubonisweni kwezidakamizwa.
Isibonakaliso sokungenelela kokuhlinzwa ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultra, okuveze ukuthi unciphisa ukukhanywa kwemikhumbi ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwama-70.
Ngemuva kokubona ukwephulwa okunjalo, kudokotela ohlinzayo wemithambo okhetha indlela efanelekile yokungenelela yokuhlinzwa.
Inqubo ejwayelekile kakhulu yokuhlinza i-stent. Ngenkambiso yokuba stenting, kufakwa uthango lwentambo emkhunjini, lusekela isibani sangaphakathi somkhumbi nesimo sawo.
Isazi sevidiyo esikulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngokwelashwa kwe-cerebral atherosulinosis.
